聚丙烯/有机改性蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备及力学性能研究

针对两种有机蒙脱土(TJ-2型和KH-V6型),采用熔体插层法在双螺杆挤出机中制备出PP/OMMT纳米复合材料,并运用XRD和FTIR对所制得的复合材料进行表征.研究结果表明,两种OMMT片层都在PP基体中达到纳米级的分散.力学性能研究表明,相对PP而言,两种PP/OMMT纳米复合材料的硬度分别提高了11%和19%,抗冲击性能分别提高了18%和20%,且随着蒙脱土添加量的增加,冲击性能的变化符合逾渗脆韧转变机制.     

聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯/蒙脱土复合材料纳米化影响因素

分别用4种蒙脱土(原土MMT、OMMT1、OMMT2、OMMT3)与甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)进行乳液插层复合.经X射线衍射(XRD)、傅立叶红外(FTIR)以及透射电镜(TEM)分析表明,3种有机蒙脱土(OMMT1、OM-MT2、OMMT3)都能够与MMA成功插层复合,制备出PMMA/MMT纳米复合材料.重点研究蒙脱土种类、蒙脱土质量分数、反应温度、反应体系引发剂的质量分数以及聚合时间等因素对PMMA/MMT复合材料纳米化程度的影响.结果表明,在86℃、体系引发剂为1.2 g且反应时间为8 h的合成条件下,MMA与OMMT2(OMM2与MMA质量比小于7∶93)能达到良好的复合效果,可以获得剥离型PMMA/MMT纳米复合材料.     

EVA/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的阻燃性能

采用熔融插层法制备乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯/有机蒙脱土纳米复合材料（EVA/OM-MT）,并研究其阻燃性能。结果表明,EVA大分子能有效地插入有机蒙脱土（OMMT）片层间,形成插层型纳米复合材料,而不能有效插入钠基蒙脱土（MMT）片层间;OMMT可以明显地改善EVA/OMMT的阻燃性能,随着OMMT用量的增大,EVA/OMMT的热释放速、峰值热释放速率、总热释放先明显降低然后趋于稳定。     

蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备及其在棉织物阻燃整理中的应用

采用类原位聚合法制备了硬脂酸酰胺蒙脱土纳米复合材料(EBS/MMT),并用X射线衍射(XRD)和傅里叶红外光谱((FT-IR))对复合材料进行表征,证实所得产物为插层型蒙脱土纳米复合材料.复合后蒙脱土层间距由1.32nm增加到1.78nm(蒙脱土质量分数为8%)和1.81nm(蒙脱土质量分数为5%).通过将蒙脱土纳米复合材料和高聚磷酸铵(APP)复配制得新型膨胀阻燃体系,并用制备的阻燃整理液对纯棉织物进行阻燃整理.研究表明,蒙脱土纳米复合材料在该体系起高效成炭剂作用.同时探讨了整理液各组分质量浓度及整理工艺条件对阻燃整理效果的影响,得到纯棉织物阻燃整理的优化工艺为高聚磷酸铵质量浓度为160g/L,改性2D树脂交联剂质量浓度为100g/L,蒙脱土纳米复合材料质量浓度为40g/L,焙烘温度为150℃,焙烘时间为3min.     

原位插层聚合法制备甲基苯基硅树脂/蒙脱土纳米复合材料

以甲基苯基二氯硅烷和甲基三氯硅烷为单体,采用原位插层聚合法制备甲基苯基硅树脂/有机蒙脱土(organic montmorillonite,OMMT)纳米复合材料,并通过红外光谱仪(FTIR)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)和综合热分析仪(DSC)研究了复合材料的结构,探讨了超声波对蒙脱土分散性和复合材料热性能的影响.结果表明:制备的OMMT复合材料为含有端羟基的甲基苯基硅树脂复合材料;采用机械搅拌即可制备剥离型纳米复合材料,超声波辅助可进一步促进蒙脱土片层的分散,使片层剥离程度增加;OMMT的添加会降低有机硅树脂的热稳定性,且随着OMMT含量的增加,纳米复合材料的热失重先减小后增大,当OMMT质量分数为6%时复合材料的热稳定性最好,超声波辅助可进一步改善复合材料的耐热性能.     

聚丙烯/蒙脱土复合材料的热氧老化性能

用3种蒙脱土(原土、OMMT1、OMMT2)与聚丙烯分别熔融插层复合.经X射线衍射(XRD)分析表明,3种蒙脱土均与聚丙烯成功插层复合,制备出聚丙烯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料.重点研究聚丙烯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的热氧老化性能.结果表明,在聚丙烯材料中,添加少量蒙脱土不但可以提高材料的力学性能,而且明显改善材料的抗热氧老化性能.对3种PP/MMT复合材料热氧老化样品进行傅立叶红外(FTIR)分析和表面形貌观察,发现蒙脱土片层在聚丙烯中插层复合越充分(乃至剥离),其抗热氧老化效果就越明显.     

TDI-PTMG型PU/PMMA/OMMT纳米复合材料的结构及性能研究

将插层纳米复合技术与同步互穿聚合物网络(IPN)技术相结合,制备了聚氨酯(PU)/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)/有机蒙脱土(OMMT)纳米复合材料.用透射电子显微镜(TEM)和力学性能测试研究了该复合材料和相应的PU/PMMA-IPN和PU材料的结构和力学性能.结果表明.PU/PMMA/OMMT纳米复合材料形成了插层/剥离型结构,其力学性能最优.对材料的制备工艺进行了研究,获得优化制备条件是:PU/PMMA质量比为60/40;OMMT,BPO,EGDMA添加量分别为单体MMA质量的5%,0.8%,2.0%,MOCA系数为0.9.     

丁腈橡胶/聚氯乙烯/改性蒙脱土纳米复合材料的结构与性能

采用胶乳共沉法和直接共混法制备了丁腈橡胶/聚氯乙稀/有机蒙脱土(NBR/PVC/OMMT)纳米复合材料.通过X射线衍射和透射电子显微镜对NBR/PVC/OMMT纳米复合材料的结构进行了表征,并研究其力学性能、耐油性能、耐热老化性能、硫化特性和动态力学性能.结果表明,所获得的复合材料是插层纳米复合材料;有机蒙脱土能够明显地促进NBR的硫化反应,使焦烧时间和硫化时间明显缩短;胶乳共沉法制备的纳米复合材料中的蒙脱土的分散更为均匀,其力学性能、耐油性能和耐老化性能明显优于直接共混法.     

尼龙66/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备及其电性能

用聚合物蒙脱土纳米复合材料的方法,首先,将尼龙66(PA66)和有机改性的Na-蒙脱土(OMMT)采用熔融共混,得到尼龙66/OMMT复合材料.在制备完成时,用X射线衍射仪研究PA66/OMMT中晶型变化与插层效果的影响.研究复合材料的热性能、微观结构、表面电阻和结晶行为,结果都表明OMMT对PA66有明显的影响.DSC显示出OMMT存在对PA66/OMMT复合材料非等温结晶行为的影响.OMMT的含量对OMMT在PA66基体中的分散以及材料的导电性质都有重要的影响.     

有机插层剂对纳米复合材料介电性能的影响

采用熔融共混的方法分别制备了经两种有机插层剂(十八烷基季铵盐和双十八烷基苄基季铵盐)处理的交联聚乙烯/蒙脱土(XLPE/OMMT)纳米复合材料.不同插层剂处理的XLPE/OMMT纳米复合材料,介电谱表现出明显不同的特征:添加十八烷基季铵盐处理的蒙脱土,损耗峰为单峰;而添加双十八烷基苄基季铵盐处理的蒙脱土,损耗峰出现双峰.这与不同插层剂对蒙脱土在聚合物中的分散和插层效果有关.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.