中药类保健食品中汞含量的3种测定方法

采用高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱(HPLC-ICP-MS)法、微波消解-ICP-MS法和直接进样测汞法测定23批次中药类保健食品中的总汞含量.测定结果表明，3种测定方法的线性相关系数(R)均大于0.999,回收率为80.2%～100.7%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.6%～5.3%;HPLC-ICP-MS法能够准确、高效地测定3种汞形态化合物的含量，且测定的总汞含量与其他2种方法基本一致；总汞含量的测定应优先选择直接进样测汞法.     

新显色剂APSABT的合成及其与汞(Ⅱ)显色反应的研究

研究了1(4安替比林)3(2乙酰巯基苯基)三氮烯(APSABT)的合成方法及其与汞(Ⅱ)的显色反应.建立了一种高灵敏度、高选择性的汞的分光光度法,该方法可直接用于地表水和废水中微量汞的测定,其加入回收率为96.4%～103.8%,相对标准偏差为1.9%～2.9%,所得结果与冷原子吸收法一致.     

原子荧光光谱法同时测定重晶石中的砷和汞

采用王水浸取样品,用氢化物发生-原子荧光法同时测定重晶石中的砷和汞,并对样品的浸取方法,干扰元素及各种实验条件进行研究.建立的HG-AFS同时测定重晶中砷和汞含量的分析方法,满足进出口检验快速准确的要求.砷和汞的回收率在92.53%～120.00%之间,方法相对标准偏差(RSD)为砷0.77(n=11),汞1.02(n=11),检出限为砷0.45ng/ml,汞0.01ng/ml.     

氢化物发生原子荧光法测定大米中砷和汞含量

建立一种用升压微波消解样品,氢化物发生原子荧光法测定大米产品中痕量砷和汞的方法,在优化实验条件下,通过样品加标测定回收率,砷的回收率为98%～105%,汞的回收率为94%～105%,该法具有操作简便、快速、准确、灵敏、重复性好等优点.     

微波消解-原子荧光法同时测定土壤和水系沉积物中砷和汞

建立了微波消解-原子荧光法同时测定土壤和沉积物中砷和汞的含量的方法,并对王水的用量进行了优化,得到6ml王水用量最佳。结果表明该方法检出限为As 0.012 mg·kg-1;Hg 0.001 mg·kg-1;相对标准偏差为As 0.9%～4.2%;Hg 1.2%～6.2%)(n=6),加标回收率砷为87.0%～111.0%;汞为88.0%～116.0%。该方法操作高效、简便,灵敏度高,结果准确,可用于土壤和沉积物中砷和汞的同时测定。     

冷原子荧光光度法测定地面水中的微量汞

采用冷原子荧光法测定地面水中的微量汞,并对氯化亚锡浓度、振荡时间、酸度、氮气流量、液相体积、消化时间、储存液保存时间等测定时间进行优化,在优化实验条件下测得汞的检出限为0.05ug/L,回收率为92.0%～105%,相对标准偏差为2.50%～6.08%。实验结果表明该方法用于地面水中汞的测定操作简便,结果准确,具有较高的准确度、灵敏度和精密度。     

分散液液微萃取—分光光度法测定水中痕量汞

以四氯化碳为萃取剂,丙酮为分散剂,硫代米式酮(Thio-Michler’s ketone,TMK)为汞的螯合剂,建立了水中痕量汞分散液液微萃取—分光光度法测定的新方法.对分散液—液微萃取条件和分光光度法测定的最佳实验参数进行优化,包括溶液的pH值,萃取剂与分散剂的种类与用量,螯合剂硫代米式酮的用量,萃取时间等.在最佳实验条件下,汞的浓度在110～420 ng/mL范围内与吸光度呈良好线性关系,相关系数r=0.998 1,富集倍数为30,检出限为55 ng/mL,相对标准偏差(RSD)为4.2%(n=8),回收率为92%～108%.实验结果表明,该方法简便,快速,回收率高,成本低、富集效率高且对环境友好,适用于水中痕量金属汞的测定.     

微波消解-氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法同时测定食品中的As和Hg

应用微波消解-氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定食品中微量砷(As)和汞(Hg)的含量,实验结果表明,在最佳条件下,该法的回收率分别是:砷为94.5%～101%,汞为92%～96%,相对标准偏差值为1.0%～1.66%,As和Hg的检出限分别为0.1μg·L-1和0.02μg·L-1,其线性范围分别为1.0～100μg·L-1和0.2～60μg·L-1.该法能满足各类食品中微量砷和汞含量的测定要求,具有分析速度快、操作简便、检验效率高等特点.     

改性绿茶对汞的吸附作用

采用原子吸收光谱法研究有机汞和无机汞的吸附作用。改性绿茶的用量为 2 5 mg、在 p H值 =7的溶液中搅拌 6 min,无机汞的吸附率达 95 % ,有机汞的吸附率不大于 5 % ;同等量的改性绿茶在 p H值 =1的溶液中搅拌9min,有机汞的吸附率可达到 90 %以上。 10次重复分离测定 0 .1μg· ml- 1汞溶液 ,测得无机汞、有机汞的检出限分别为 0 .0 6μg· L- 1 和 0 .0 8μg· L- 1 ,相对标准偏差为 8.6 %和 5 .8% ,回收率为 92 .5 %～ 10 5 .3%和 93.8%～ 10 6 .6 %。实验还表明 ,在盐酸浓度分别为 2 .0 mol· L- 1、6 min和 4 .0 mol· L- 1、11min,共存 KCl的量为 10 0mg,可定量解吸无机汞和有机汞     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定魔芋精粉中的重金属元素

采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法同时测定魔芋精粉中铅、铬、镉、砷、汞5种元素的含量,其检出限分别为0.0102,0.0009、0.001、0.028、0.004 mg·L-1,测定回收率在98.O%～103.0%之间,RSD(n=10)为0.5%～1.6%.所建立的元素分析方法其准确度和精密度均符合要求,应用本方法测定实际样品,结果令人满意.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the