百色盆地东部坳陷北部陡坡带东段那读组砂岩碎屑组分及物源分析

在大量岩石薄片鉴定的基础上,对百色盆地东部坳陷北部陡坡带东段古近系那读组砂岩的碎屑组分特征及其物源进行了详细分析。结果表明,那读组砂岩以高成分成熟度、低结构成熟度的细砂岩为主;骨架颗粒与重矿物的特征均显示出那读组砂岩的母岩以沉积岩为主,其次为变质岩,且属近物源沉积;其沉积物主要来自北东向和北西向两个方向的物源供给。     

阿克塞盆地和肃北盆地中新世沉积特征及其与阿尔金断裂关系的研究

阿克塞盆地和肃北盆地分列于阿尔金断裂两侧,形成于中新世,有人认为它们曾是统一的盆地,在中新世末期由于阿尔金断裂的活动而被分割。然而砂岩成分分析表明,这两个盆地具有不同的物源特征：阿克塞盆地主要以石英和岩屑为主,含有大量的变质岩岩屑;肃北盆地主要以石英和长石为主,含有大量的岩浆岩岩屑。这两个盆地也具有不同的重矿物组合,与阿克塞盆地相比,肃北盆地含有较多的不稳定矿物（绿帘石和角闪石）。两个盆地的形成及演化均受控于阿尔金断裂,但它们最初并非为统一的盆地。推断阿尔金断裂在渐新世开始走滑,并造成阿尔金山隆升,控制阿克塞盆地的沉积;阿尔金断裂的走滑运动造成党河南山抬升,形成了肃北盆地。     

南华北上二叠统石千峰组物源与沉积环境分析

目的为恢复华北南部地区石千峰组原盆地沉积环境格局,为进一步研究华北南部地区二叠系沉积地质与盆地原型提供支持。方法根据岩石碎屑组分基本数据,运用地层厚度、砂岩百分含量、古水流、砂岩成分的系统分析方法。结果研究区地层自南西向北东呈现依次增厚的趋势,整体为北东方向倾斜的宽缓斜坡环境;砂岩分布特征指示物源来自南部隆起区和沉积中心在研究区以北地区。结论华北南部地区石千峰组整体属于近山的海陆过渡相陆缘近海湖环境内的充填物,沉积物质主要来源于南部的秦岭古隆起,并向晚二叠世华北盆地南部提供了大量的陆源碎屑物质。     

柴西西岔沟剖面新生界碎屑锆石裂变径迹年龄对物源区构造活动的制约

对柴西西岔沟新生界碎屑锆石裂变径迹年龄的研究表明:沉积源区主要为遭受150～290 Ma热事件影响的阿尔金山带,在晚近纪晚期以后有古近系的加入;同时记录的发生于源区的构造热事件最早为海西早期,在海西中期有所加强,海西晚期之后至燕山早期为主要时期,尤以海西末-印支期最为鼎盛;在整个新生代源区抬升渐强、剥蚀加快.阿尔金断裂在8 Ma活动加强,在新近纪晚期表现为活动加剧,同名山系快速隆升,成为柴西主要物源区.柴西地区沉积源区在相对固定的态势下,也有一定分异性,即物源区的变更.古阿尔金断裂是存在的,随青藏高原内不同块体依次向北拼贴,且阿尔金断裂具有多阶段活动的特点.     

环县—正宁地区长9油层组沉积物源分析

为了厘清鄂尔多斯盆地环县—正宁地区长9油层组物源方向,利用重矿物特征、砂岩碎屑成分特征、石英颗粒阴极发光特征、全岩及黏土矿物组成以及砂岩粒度分析等多种研究方法进行物源分析。研究结果表明:研究区长9油层组沉积期的物源供给主要为西部和西南部两大物源区,西部物源供给路线较近,主要影响环县周边地区,西南物源供给路线较远,影响峡口—长武—宁县—合水地区,华池附近可能受到西部和西南部两支物源的共同影响。     

阿尔金断裂走滑运动对柴达木盆地的侧向效应

阿尔金断裂因其巨大的规模及走滑量而被许多学者认为具有显著的侧向效应,并将柴达木盆地西北部反S型褶皱-冲断带的形成机制归结于此,然而这种推测的观点缺乏有力依据.构造物理模拟是研究构造变形机制的有效方法,笔者通过3组三维模型研究阿尔金断裂走滑运动对柴达木盆地构造变形影响的范围和方式,其结果表明:①不论阿尔金断裂平移走滑还是挤压型走滑,都对柴达木盆地产生挤压作用,但挤压应力作用范围及地体运动速率有差异:平移走滑影响范围的前缘边界为弧形,地体运动速率递减较慢,而挤压型走滑的前缘边界为直线形,地体运动速率快速减小;②柴达木盆地近南北向挤压收缩强度远大于阿尔金断裂左行走滑引起的变形,使得紧邻断裂的地体因走滑牵引而发生的运动方向被盆地近南北向的收缩变形所改变;③阿尔金断裂左行走滑对柴达木盆地构造变形的影响集中于盆地西南部,与反S型褶皱-冲断带发育位置不符,不支持反S型褶皱-冲断带的形成受阿尔金断裂控制的观点.     

辽西凹陷沙河街组低凸起带物源分析

沉积物中碎屑组分与重矿物的分布受物源区母岩性质、构造抬升与剥蚀作用及古环境等多种因素影响。通过研究渤海湾盆地辽西凹陷沙河街组断陷湖盆内部低凸起带物源区特征,及其对凹陷内部沉积体系的影响,依据砂岩碎屑组分及重矿物聚类分析识别母岩类型、颗粒表面结构分析推测搬运距离、稳定系数分析判定物源方向的研究思路,综合分析研究区内碎屑组分及重矿物数据的统计特征,认为母岩类型主要为岩浆岩和少量变质岩,分别对应于西部燕山隆起主物源、东部辽西低凸起南部隆起区次物源和北部隆起区弱物源。西部物源主要控制辽西凹陷的缓坡区沉积,东部物源的影响范围局限在辽西低凸起的陡坡带,北部物源对区内沉积的影响较弱。     

中国黑龙江东部鸡西盆地白垩纪多期砾岩特征及古地理意义

对鸡西盆地白垩纪不同时期砾石统计结果显示: 下白垩统城子河组和穆棱组砾石主要成分为石英岩和花岗岩, 与盆地周缘露头前中生代基底主要岩性相吻合; 上白垩统猴石沟组砾石成分流纹岩、安山岩、凝灰岩增多, 出现石英砂岩和少量泥岩, 砾石很大一部分来源于下白垩统。 6个统计点的砾石主要为次棱角状到圆状, 长短轴之比集中在1~2, 粒径以小砾为主, 粒径长度符合正态分布; 沉积环境判别函数显示砾石主要属于河流(三角洲)成因。研究表明城子河组沉积时期, 盆地西部的张广才岭和盆地内的古隆起为盆地提供物源, 城子河组到穆棱组的沉积过程是一个水体不断扩大的过程; 穆棱组沉积中晚期, 盆地西部成为盆地主要物源区。晚白垩开始, 在强烈的逆冲作用下, 盆地及周缘发生区域抬升, 抬升区遭受强烈剥蚀, 为盆地提供物源, 低洼处沉积猴石沟组。     

东营凹陷北带古冲沟古近系多物源沉积模式

利用地震反射结构、碎屑组分以及聚类分析等方法,提出东营凹陷北部陡坡带东部Y920古冲沟沙河街组沙四上亚段多物源叠加模式。研究结果表明:沙四上亚段沉积时期,Y920冲沟呈西陡东缓的不对称箕状构造形态。地震相呈东西分带的特点,冲沟西部发育楔形反射、东部发育前积反射、中部发育透镜状反射。冲沟内砂岩充填物的碎屑矿物组成在平面上具有明显的差异性,冲沟西部砂岩的石英含量低、岩屑含量高,岩屑以火成岩岩屑为主;冲沟东部,砂岩的长石和岩屑含量均较高,岩屑以变质岩岩屑为主;中部长石和石英含量较高,岩屑含量较低,含有较多的灰岩岩屑。Y920古冲沟存在3个方向的物源,分别为自北向南、沿冲沟长轴方向的北部物源以及来自冲沟西部和东部的短轴、侧向物源。冲沟西部发育近岸水下扇沉积,东部扇体以扇三角洲为主。     

阿尔金断裂的研究现状及其控油意义

阿尔金断裂是中国西北一条巨型的NEE断裂构造,也是青藏高原的西北边界,它在青藏高原的隆升及中国大陆动力学演化方面有着及其重要的地位,一直成为国内外地学界研究的热点.断裂活动的时间、方式、速度及规模等是阿尔金断裂问题争论的焦点.针对目前国内外研究现状,结合柴达木盆地一些实际资料,认为阿尔金断裂带的活动具有多期次性,而至少在中新世时期开始阿尔金总体呈左行走滑的趋势;阿尔金断裂带对柴达木盆地与塔里木盆地的沉积构造演化起着重要的作用,从而对西部大陆构造格架及两侧盆地油气运聚具有重要的控制意义.     

阿尔金断裂带东端断裂展布型式的研究

利用高精度的ETM卫星图像,从宏观和露头尺度对阿尔金断裂带过祁连山后的酒西盆地-宽滩山地区的断裂展布形式和特征进行了详细的地质解译和实地考察,发现除主干断层以外还有4条具有一定规模的均具左旋位错特征的分支断层,且呈"树枝状"展布。通过研究得出,阿尔金断裂带以"树枝状"的型式消失在酒西盆地和花海盆地内。     

阿尔金断裂带东端断裂展布型式的研究

利用高精度的ETM卫星图像,从宏观和露头尺度对阿尔金断裂带过祁连山后的酒西盆地-宽滩山地区的断裂展布形式和特征进行了详细的地质解译和实地考察,发现除主干断层以外还有4条具有一定规模的均具左旋位错特征的分支断层,且呈“树枝状”展布。通过研究得出,阿尔金断裂带以“树枝状”的型式消失在酒西盆地和花海盆地内。     

Determination of the Altyn Tagh strike-slip fault basin and its relationship with mountains

A special extended basin topography is developed in the middle segment of the Altyn Tagh Fault Zone. The ratio of its length to width is over 50. The long boundaries at the two sides of the basin are controlled by the straight normal faults with strike-slip component. Within the basin, the Cenozoic strata are spread. The Altyn Tagh main fault goes through the basin, and a series of strike-slip topography was formed within the basin. The reverse thrust structures were formed at the two sides of the center of the basin, thus making the geological bodies composed of old metamorphic rocks at the two sides of the basin extrude vertically，and forming the extended massif (mountain) at the sides of the basin and parallel to the basin. This special topography was called the strike-slip fault basin. The giant extended strike-slip fault basin began to form during Pliocene, and its topography was basically formed during the late Pleistocene. It is the special topography formed during the strike-slip deformation process of the Altyn Tagh Fault Zone and under both transpression and uplifting.     

Active deformation of Chinese Mainland from GPS measurement and numerical simulation

Using discontinue deformation analysis(DDA) method we analyzed the characters of the crustal deformation of Chinese mainland in this study form the velocity field revealed by 308 GPS stations. The result shows that the current N-S compression rate and W-E extension rate of the south Tibetan plateau are 1.40 × 10-8/a and 1.81 × 10-8/a, and that of Tiansan block are 2.59× 10-8/a and 0.62× 10-8/a. The Altyn Tagh is a left-lateral strike slip fault with a current slip rate of 8-12 mm/a, and the clockwise rotating rate of Tarim and Gansun-Qinghai block are -8.7 and -8.1 nrad/a, respectively, with respect to the Eurasia plate. According to the boundary condition of Chinese mainland respect to the Eurasia obtained from the DDA model, a two-dimension discontinuous finite element method(DFEM) model was built. Using this model, we evaluated the relationships between the slipping of Altyn Tagh and the crustal deformation and dynamics of Chinese mainland, and found that the slip of Altyn Tagh has influence on compression of Tibetan plateau, rotating of Tarim basin and Gansun-Qinghai block, the region absorbing the energy generated by the collision of Indio Plate and Eurasia plate, the ability and method of energy transferring toward east and the deformation of both Ordos block and North-China block. Further more, the slip of Altyn-Qiliansan Tagh strongly effects the stress field in most part of north-south seismic belt. The crustal deformation and tectonic activities of Chinese mainland west is mainly caused by the block boundary stress generated by the movement of India Plate, and it also influences some area of the east mainland through slipping along Altyn-Qiliansan Tagh. In some Part of east China and south east of China, the small-scale mantle convection and the effect of denudating can not be ignored.     

Lawsonite-bearing eclogites in the north Qilian and north Altyn Tagh： Evidence for cold subduction of oceanic crust

Laboratory experiments and thermal models predic that lawsonite-bearing eclogite should be the dominan rock types for typical oceanic subduction zone[1,2] However, eclogite containing unaltered lawsonite is rare in nature and has been described only from …     

Geological and chronological evidence of Indo-Chinese strike-slip movement in the Altyn Tagh fault zone

A set of granitic and amphibole mylonite are exposed in the Altyn Tagh fault zone. The preliminary study shows that these rocks are the product of the syntectonic anatexis in the process of the left-lat- eral strike-slip shear, and are the result of the ductile transpression. There are two types of zircon sorted from the mylonite formed with synshear anatexis. Among them, one is the anatectic long columnar zircon and another is the residual metamorphic sub-rounded columnar zircon. Two groups of age for single zircon measured by ion microprobe (SHRIMP) are obtained: one is 461-547 Ma for the sub-rounded columnar residual metamorphic zircon, and the other is 239-244 Ma for the long-columnar anatectic zircon. This type of zircon is directionally spread in rock, and the long axis direction of its crystal is identical to that of stretching lineation, representing the direction of tectonic stress in the process of the strike-slip. 40Ar-39Ar age of the directional growth hornblende in the same mylonite sample measured is 223-226 Ma. The above geological and chronological data prove that the syntectonic anatexis occurred during Indo-Chinese Epoch, showing that the strong strike-slip movement occurred in the Altyn Tagh fault zone at least as early as Indo-Chinese Epoch.     

甘肃金塔南山构造变形及其地质意义

金塔南山构造带是通过多期的左行平移—冲断作用把不同时代、不同性质、形成于不同构造环境的岩石单元会聚而成的构造堆叠体 .研究结果表明金塔南山构造带 (断裂系统 )是在新元古代中期—早古生代早期古洋盆发生汇聚碰撞的基础上形成的 ,早古生代以来的构造变形 (平移—冲断作用 )及其形成过程应与阿尔金走滑断裂系统的动力学过程息息相关 .这对于理解华北板块与塔里木板块古陆缘的地球动力学具有十分重要的地质意义     

Discovery of ultrahighpressure magnesite-bearing garnet lherzolite (>3.8 GPa) in the Altyn Tagh,Northwest China

Magnesite-bearing garnet lherzolite from the Altyn Tagh, associated with garnet pyroxenite, and garnet-bearing felsic gneiss, crops out as lenses in Proterozoic gneiss about 100 km east of the Jianggelasayi River. The garnet lherzolite, together with the eclogite in western Jianggelasayi, composes a high-pressure to ultrahigh- pressure metamorphic belt in the southern margin of the Altyn Tagh. Parageneses of minerals from magnesite-bearing garnet lherzolite indicate that the rock evolved a multi-stage metamorphism. The peak-stage metamorphism produces an assemblage of Grt+Ol+Opx+Cpx±Mgs, in which Al₂O₃ content of Opx is very low (0.30 — 0.66wt%). The calculated P-T condition of the peak stage is 3.8—5.1GPa and 880—970℃, some exsolution rods of clinopyroxene and rutile occur in the Grt and magnesite is rimed by dolomite and orthopyroxene, all implying that the peak stage was a UHP metamorphic process. Together with regional geological studies, isotopic dating and the discovery of coesite inclusions in zircon separates from felsic gneiss from the northern margin of the Qaidam Basin, the presence of a very long UHP metamorphic belt in northwest China is suggested.     

Early tectonic uplift of the northern Tibetan Plateau

The Hexi Corridor is the northmost foreland basin of the Tibetan Plateau and its formation is controlled by the northern marginal fault of Tibet, Altyn Tagh Fault （ATF）-North Qilian Shan marginal Fault （NQF）, and the southern Kuantan Shan-Longshou Shan Fault （KLF）. So its study is important to understanding the mechanism of Tibet formation and its influence on global climate change. The oldest Cenozoic sediments in the Corridor is the Huoshaogou Formation which consists of terrigenous fine conglomerate, sandstone, sandy mudstone and mudstone, depositing in al- luvial to lacustrine and fan delta sedimentary environments. Detailed paleomagnetic measurements of this sequence at Yumen clearly reveal eleven pairs of normal and reversed polarities. Fossil mammals found around the section support that most of the observed polarities can be well correlated with chrons between 13n and 18r of the standard geomagnetic polarity time scale, yielding ages of 40.2-33.35 Ma. The mean declinations of this sequence and its immediately above stratigraphy indicate an 18.3° rapid clockwise rotation of the Hexi Corridor. Since this sequence has been strongly folded and is capped by an angular unconformity, we think that the presence of the thick alluvial fan conglomeration at the bottom of the foreland basin may indicate the initial deformation and uplift of the northern Qilian Shan. This process could occur at latest at 40.2 Ma, driven by the faults NQF and KLF that thrust onto the Hexi corridor respectively from its southern and northern margins. These faults are in an early response to the collision of India with Asia, while the unconformable termination and rotation of the Huoshaogou Formation at -33.35 Ma indicate other early episode of rapid tectonic deformation and uplift of the northern Tibet.