SiGe合金氧化层中的纳米结构

我们在硅锗合金衬底上采用氧化等制膜方式生成零维和三维的纳米结构样品，用高精度椭偏仪(HPE)、卢瑟福背散射谱仪(RBS)和高分辨率扫描透射电子显微镜(HR-STEM)测量样品的纳米结构。并采用美国威思康新州立大学开发的Rump模拟软件对卢瑟福背散射谱(RBS)中的CHANNEL谱和RANDOM谱分别进行精细结构模拟。计算且测量出纳米氧化层与锗的纳米薄膜结构分布，并且反馈控制加工过程。优化硅锗半导体材料纳米结构样品的加工条件。我们在硅锗合金的氧化层表面中首次发现纳米锗量子点和量子层结构，我们首次提出的生成硅锗纳米结构的优化加工条件的氧化时间和氧化温度的匹配公式和理论模型与实验结果拟合得很好。     

纳米Cu—Zn合金粒子结构及催化性能研究

利用热蒸发法制备纳米Ｃｕ－Ｚｎ合金粒子通过透射电子显微镜（ＴＥＭ）。ｘ射线衍射（ＸＲＤ）进行结构表征，证实纳米Ｃｕ－Ｚｎ合金粒子具有立方和六方结构，并利用ｘ射线精炼分析方法对其进行分析。并在苯加氢反应中用做催化剂，发现具有良好的催化活性和高的选择性，对其催化机理做了初步探讨。     

氧化生成的锗纳米结构的量子受限分析

研究了硅锗合金的氧化行为，首次发现快氧化生成的锗纳米膜复盖在氧化层上。在PL谱中，我们发现与锗纳米结构相关的一些新的谱峰。量子受限模型和新的算法被给出，较好地解释了PL谱的分布和形成机理。     

SiGe合金氧化层中的纳米结构

在硅锗合金衬底上采用氧化等制膜方式生成零维和二维的纳米结构样品，用高精度椭偏仪（HPE）、卢瑟福背散射谱仪（RBS）和高分辩率扫描透射电子显微镜（HR-STEM）测量样品的纳米结构，并采用美国威思康新州立大学开发的Rump模拟软件对卢瑟福背散射谱（RBS）中的CHANNEL谱和RANDOM谱分别进行精细结构模拟，测量并计算出纳米氧化层与锗的纳米薄膜结构分布，并且反馈控制加工过程，优化硅锗半导体材料纳米结构样品的加工条件。在硅锗合金的氧化层表面中着次发现纳米锗量子点组成的纳米盖帽薄膜（2nm)，提出的生成硅锗纳米结构的优化加工条件的氧化时间和氧倾泄蝶恋花匹配公式的理论模式模型与实验结果拟合得很好。     

水溶液的化学方法生长MgZnO、CdZnO纳米棒

用水溶液的化学方法生成MgZnO和CdZnO合金纳米棒并研究其相关发光性能.用水溶液的化学方法合成Mg0.06Zn0.94O合金结构的纳米棒,纳米棒沿C轴方向择优生长,平均尺寸约为500nm.用水溶液的化学方法合成CdZnO合金结构的纳米棒,纳米棒沿C轴方向择优生长,平均尺寸约为100-200nm,与不掺Cd的样品相比,激子的复合发光峰发生红移.     

纳米钨合金粉末常压烧结的致密化和晶粒长大

高密度合金由于具有密度和强度高、延性好等一系列优异的性能,在军工上被用作动能穿甲弹材料.纳米材料被认为是21世纪应用前景非常广阔的新型材料,采用纳米粉末可望大大细化钨合金晶粒,显著提高合金的强度、延性和硬度等力学性能,因而是制备新型高强韧高密度钨合金的很重要的研究方向.作者采用机械合金化(MA)工艺制备了纳米钨合金复合粉末,研究了纳米钨合金粉末在常压氢气气氛中的烧结致密化和在烧结过程中的W晶粒长大行为.同时,指出了在液相烧结时存在的问题,即W晶粒加速重排、产生晶粒聚集与合并,迅速发生W晶粒长大,在较短时间内液相烧结时,W晶粒尺寸又长大到接近传统高密度合金水平.研究结果表明,MA纳米粉末促进了致密化,使致密化温度降低100～200℃;在一般固相烧结温度时可以得到晶粒粒径为3～5μm的细晶高强度合金.     

非晶晶化法制备纳米晶Fe78B13Si9合金

在非晶Ｆｅ７８Ｂ１３Ｓｉ９合金的结晶动力学分析的基础上，选择不同的退火工艺对其进行晶化处理，以制备纳米晶合金。对退处理后的Ｆｅ７８Ｂ１３Ｓｉ９合金的结构和微观组织进行了Ｘ射线衍射和电子显微分析。     

纳米添加剂对W-Ni-Cu合金性能的影响

研究了纳米添加剂对W Ni Cu合金性能的影响和作用机理;用扫描电镜和金相显微分析技术研究了合金的形貌与结构;测量了合金试样的物理力学性能.研究结果表明:加入纳米添加剂可降低烧结温度;选用的纳米添加剂对钨晶粒的长大起了抑制作用,细化了W Ni Cu合金的晶粒;适量的纳米添加剂大部分分布于Ni Cu粘结相中.在该实验条件下,在1430℃烧结得到了全致密的W Ni Cu合金.     

还原时间对FeCo/Al2O3纳米复合材料结构和磁性的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法及在氢气中还原的工艺制备了纳米FeCo/Al2O3复合材料.利用X射线衍射、透射电镜和振动样品磁强计对样品微观结构和磁性进行了研究.结果表明,纳米FeCo/Al2O3复合材料中的FeCo合金为体心立方结构.随着还原时间的延长,α-FeCo合金晶粒尺寸变大,样品的比饱和磁化强度和矫顽力增加.     

化学合金法研制Co-Fe-Ce-B非晶合金磁性纳米粒子

利用化学合金法，得到了Co-Fe-Ce-B系多元钴基非晶合金磁性纳米粒子．通过化学分析、X射线衍射（XRD）、透射电镜（TEM）、差示扫描量热分析仪（DSC）以及物理吸附仪，对其组分比例、粒径、结构和性能进行了研究．测试结果表明：在较温和的试验条件下，利用化学合金，能实现纳米粒径的Co-Fe-Ce-B非晶态合金磁性纳米粒子的合成．     

机械合金化制备的Al基轴承合金的结构与性能

采用机械合金化方法制备Al-Pb和Al-Sn基合金粉末,然后通过烧结将之制备成合金.采用XRD、SEM、TEM分析技术对合金的微观结构进行表征,结果表明在适当机械合金化和烧结工艺条件下,可得到Al基体上均匀分布尺寸约为100nm的软相Pb或Sn的合金.摩擦摩损性能测试表明,这种组织结构的Al基轴承合金具有优良的性能.对Pb相粗化的研究表明,这种纳米复合结构具有较好的稳定性,其第二相的长大仍然满足关于粗化的经典理论——LSW理论.研究中还特别关注了机械合金化过程中的污染对Al基轴承合金组织结构的影响,发现铁污染会导致Al7Cu2Fe相的生成,氧污染则导致Pb颗粒上有Al2O3附着.     

Effect of alloying elements on valence electron structure (VES) of Fe-3Al intermetallic compounds

The hybridized state of each atom changes with various changes of alloying elements and different alloying degrees. It is shown that during the course of alloying, the changes in the microsolid_state reflection such as atomic hybridized state make the corresponding VES parameters change, and that affects the mechanical properties of Fe-3Al alloys.     

Mechanical behaviors of extruded Mg alloys with high Gd and Nd content

The influence of alloying elements and heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical behaviors of extruded Mg–Gd–Nd ternary alloys was investigated in this study. The grain sizes dramatically decreased after extrusion, and the particles which distributed in Mg matrix had great effect on the grain size. The grain sizes of extruded alloys decreased from 26 to 5 ​μm with the alloying content increasing. The mechanical test results show that both Gd and Nd had positive effect on the hardness, yield strength and Young's modulus. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) was enhanced by Gd content, decreased with Nd content. The elongation of alloys was lower with higher alloying elements. Those extruded alloys were aged for 200 ​h in 200 ​°C. The Young's moduli were decreased by ageing treatment. Combined with microstructure study, the part of the reinforcement which identified as Mg₅(Gd/Nd) was dissolved in Mg matrix. Nd element obviously has influence on the solubility of Gd in Mg alloys.     

Effect of alloying elements on valence electron structure (VES) of Fe3A1 intermetallic compounds

The hybridized state of each atom changes with various changes of alloying elements and different alloying degrees. It is shown that during the course of alloying, the changes in the microsolid-state reflection such as atomic hybridized state make the corresponding VES parameters change, and that affects the mechanical properties of Fe₃Al alloys.     

铁基二元合金非晶形成范围的理论研究

运用Miedema理论计算得到的不同结构的形成焓，结合Alonso等人提出的关于非晶形成范围的理论模型，对二十八个铁基二元合金系统的非晶形成范围进行了系统的研究，并与用机械合金化方法得到的二元合金非晶态形成范围的实验结果进行了比较，结果表明，理论预言的结果与实验结果符合得比较好。说明现在的模型在预测二元合金非晶形成范围上是合适的。     

Al1-xFex混合粉末的机械合金化

对Al1-Fe(x-5，50，75at％)混合粉末进行了球磨，用X射线、电镜等分别研究了球磨粉末的结构和形貌．得到了Al95Fe5中AI相的有效晶粒尺寸和Alt-xFex的平均晶粒尺寸随球磨时间的变化，其变化规律是先增大，再减小，最后达到稳定值而不再变化．得到了Al95Fe5中的晶格畸变，也出现交替变化．对于Al1-xFex混合粉末，Al，Fe成分越接近，机械合金化过程中扩散越易于进行．球磨样品晶粒尺寸越小，聚集的趋势越小．固溶体的溶解度与混合粉末的成分有关．     

Effects of heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ni3Al-based superalloys: A review

Ni₃Al-based alloys have drawn much attention as candidates for high-temperature structural materials due to their excellent comprehensive properties.The microstructure and corresponding mechanical properties of Ni₃Al-based alloys are known to be susceptible to heat treatment.Thus,a significant step is to employ various heat treatments to derive the desirable mechanical properties of the alloys.This paper briefly summarizes the recent advances in the microstructure evolution that occurs during the heat treatment of Ni₃Al-based alloys.Aside fromγ′phase andγphase,the precipitations ofβphase,α-Cr precipitates,and carbides are also found in Ni₃Al-based alloys with the addition of various alloying elements.The evolution in morphology,size,and volume fraction of various types of secondary phases during heat treatment are reviewed,involvingγ′phase,βphase,α-Cr precipitate,and carbides.The kinetics of the growth of precipitates are also analyzed.Furthermore,the influences of heat treatment on the mechanical properties of Ni₃Al-based alloys are discussed.     

提高高铝锌合金的力学性能和耐磨性

本文论述了提高铝锌合金力学性能的途径并介绍了试验研究结果，对热处理，变质处理，合金化及挤压铸造依次进行了讨论，此项研究工作开发出一种新型合金－ＺｎＡｌ４３。此合金较之目前国内外较广泛研究与应用的ＺＡ２７，具有更高的力学性能和耐磨性。．     

Effects of icosahedral phase formation on the microstructure and mechanical improvement of Mg alloys: A review

Icosahedral phase (I-phase) is a relatively excellent strengthening phase in Mg alloys. Depending on their volume fraction, the yield strength of Mg–Zn–Y–Zr alloys can vary from 150 to 450 MPa at room temperature. Recently, the formation of I-phase has been considered as one of the most effective methods for developing high strength lightweight Mg alloys for automotive and aerospace applications. In this review article, a series of research work about I-phase containing Mg alloys have been systematically investigated including I-phase formation mechanism and their effects on mechanical properties of Mg alloys. Particular emphases have been given to: (1) Structure of I-phase and its orientation relationship with the a-Mg matrix. (2) Influence of alloying elements and solidification conditions on I-phase formation. (3) Effects of I-phase on microstructural evolution and mechanical improvement of Mg–Zn–Y–(Zr) alloys. Moreover, the applications of I-phase for the mechanical improvement of other Mg alloys such as AZ91 and super-lightweight Mg–Li alloys are also reviewed.     

Influence of B,Al and Nb addition on the glass forming ability and stability of mechanically alloyed Zr-Ni amorphous alloys

We investigated the influence of minor additions of B,Al and Nb that have representative atomic sizes on the glass forming ability (GFA) and stability of Zr-Ni amorphous alloys during mechanical alloying. The results show that the minor addition of B,Al or Nb does not shorten the initial time of the full amorphization reaction or improve the glass forming ability of the Zr-Ni alloys at a low rotation speed. However,B addition can effectively improve the mechanical stability of the amorphous phase against me...