基于硝化反硝化的膜生物反应器烟气脱硝研究

氮氧化物是形成酸雨、光化学烟雾污染、臭氧层破坏和城市灰霾天气等一系列环境问题的重要根源.文章结合课题组研究结果，介绍了空气介质下膜生物反应器烟气脱硝的性能、微生物群落、硝化反硝化烟气脱硝作用，建立了膜生物反应器传质与硝化反硝化耦合作用动力学模型；基于硝化反硝化的复合催化膜生物反应器处理模拟烟气的性能和含氧量的影响，为建立基于硝化反硝化的膜生物反应器烟气脱硝的污染控制策略提供科学依据，具有潜在的应用价值.     

亚硝化型悬浮填料硝化效果的优化筛选

在亚硝化系统中,以模拟生活污水为处理对象,对四种不同类型悬浮填料的挂膜方式和挂膜性能进行了优化筛选,试验表明,与自然挂膜方式相比较,人工强化法以挂膜时间短,生物膜稳定性强等优势成为载体优化筛选的运行方式;四种填料中,ZH新型高效生物硝化菌填料的亚硝化效果最佳;通过对最优载体典型周期进行在线监测得出短程硝化过程中DO和pH值的变化可以用来表征COD的降解和氨氮的转化的进程.     

BCO-MBR系统处理对虾养殖废水及膜污染研究

采用接触氧化与强化膜生物反应器联合处理系统(BCO-MBR)对模拟海水养殖对虾废水中有机物及氨氮的去除进行了试验研究,并对系统中实现短程硝化反硝化的可行性进行了探索.MBR出水中TOC及氨氮质量浓度水平稳定、处理效率高.联合处理系统对TOC及氨氮的处理效果均较高,且系统亚硝酸盐氮的积累不明显.在联合处理系统中,膜污染情况得到有效缓解.MBR单独处理系统的膜污染情况比较严重,在15 d时出水压差已经达到30 k Pa.将BCO系统和MBR系统进行联合处理时,膜污染情况得到缓解,在系统进行到35 d时,出水压差依然在20 k Pa以下.     

反硝化菌生物阴极微生物燃料电池对模拟焦化废水的处理

本实验针对生物阴极微生物燃料电池(MFC)对模拟焦化废水的处理情况进行研究.通过从焦化厂缺氧池活性污泥中筛选出具有良好反硝化性能的反硝化菌群作为生物阴极,构建MFC处理模拟焦化废水,以电压、功率密度、COD和废水中代表性有机污染物苯酚、吡啶、喹啉与吲哚等为考察指标.结果表明,生物阴极MFC运行稳定,具有良好的产电性能,输出电压可达495mV,功率密度最高达29.23mW·m-2,COD去除率为70%;苯酚、吡啶、喹啉与吲哚等焦化废水中代表性有机污染物均有所去除,苯酚的去除率达到61%,吡啶、喹啉与吲哚等去除率也达到30%左右,反硝化菌生物阴极MFC对模拟焦化废水具有良好的处理效果.     

废水脱氮过程中N_2O的控逸理论及研究进展

N2O是大气中重要的温室气体之一,大量研究表明,污水生物处理的硝化反硝化过程是N2O的重要强源之一.通过对硝化反硝化全过程的机理分析,探讨了N2O的逸出机理.同时阐述了外界因素对N2O逸出量的影响规律.据此优化实际运行中的污水生物脱氮工艺,以达到有效控制N2O逸出的目的.     

深床过滤中的生物反硝化动力学实验研究

研究了深床过滤过程中的生物反硝过程,构建了相应的动力学模型,分析了反硝化脱氮中的传质及生物反应过程对反应动力学的影响;实验结果证实了升流式深床过滤过程中的生物反硝化反应动力学级数在1/2～1级之间,并与所建动力学模型基本吻合.图2,表1,参9.     

SBR工艺去除MAP沉淀后垃圾渗滤液中氨氮的实时控制

以经过UASB(上流式厌氧活性污泥床)+MAP(磷酸氨镁)处理后的垃圾渗滤液为试验用水,以氧化还原电位(ORP)、pH及溶解氧(DO)作为控制参数,系统研究了序批式活性污泥法(SBR)工艺生物脱氮过程的实时控制策略.结果表明:对于经过前处理的垃圾渗滤液,生物系统可以实现剩余氨氮的完全硝化-反硝化反应;在厌氧阶段,反硝化完全时,ORP曲线出现硝酸盐"膝点";在好氧阶段,硝化完全时,虽然pH曲线没有出现氨"谷点",但出现了转折点.因而,ORP和pH可分别作为反硝化及硝化反应控制参数.实时控制系统经2个月的稳定运行,总有机氮(TOC)和总氮(TN)的去除率分别达到了84 %和98 %.     

组合式生物脱氮除碳法处理尼龙6废水

用包含水解酸化、硝化和反硝化三个反应器的组合式生物脱氮除碳系统处理尼龙6废水,着重分析了该系统的回流比,溶解氧。结果显示系统的最佳工艺参数为:回流比为3,反应器的溶解氧分别为0.5～1.0mg·L-1、3.0～3.3mg.L-1、1.8～2.3mg·L-1、,同时CODCr和TN的去除率分别为95.85%、61.04%。     

硝化-反硝化生物滤器处理城市污水的启动和运行效果

实验室废水处理反应器处理实际城市污水运行75 d .主要系统为包含两部份的上流式生物滤器.生物滤器上部曝气,用于硝化;下部缺氧,用于反硝化.为了避免自养硝化菌和异养微生物的竞争,采用新式间接启动方法实现硝化仅用时两周.该生物滤器在室温下运行,溶解于水中总有机碳(DOC)的去除率可达到75 %,总固体悬浮物的去除率可达88·5 %,总氨氮和总氮可分别去除94 %和60 %.     

同步硝化反硝化脱氮模型及动力学分析

采用SBR处理模拟低碳污水,考察了同步硝化反硝化(SND)过程中氮的变化规律,在此基础上结合硝化、反硝化动力学和物料平衡原理,建立了SND过程的动力学模型.结果表明,SND过程中的硝酸盐饱和常数KD高于常规单级反硝化过程的常数.由动力学分析可知,反硝化过程是SND过程的控制步骤,保持较高的硝酸盐浓度或梯度有利于稳定的SND过程.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the