半固态扩展挤压A2017合金工艺过程的模拟与实验

半固态扩展挤压A2017合金过程中,从扩展腔中心区域向两边侧壁合金速度逐渐减少,有时在从中心向两边侧壁的中间区域出现涡流的过渡区;设计无台阶α且较小倾角θ的扩展挤压模较为合理,在定径带断面的长向与宽向上尺寸应尽量相等;浇注温度高于790℃时,由于合金与模具的粘结以及热应力的作用使制品表面出现裂纹,而浇注温度低于690℃时,制品表面产生浪形,比较合理的浇注温度为710～750℃;通过控制浇注温度得到了表面状态良好的断面尺寸为14mm×25mm的A2017扁型材,其断裂强度比标准值提高了100MPa,延伸率提高了29%·     

连续流变成形过程中热流耦合场对合金组织的影响

为优化连续流变成形制备AZ31镁合金材料的工艺条件,利用有限元法模拟出了其在不同浇注温度条件下的速度场和温度场,并通过实验验证了模拟结果,分析了热流耦合场对合金组织的影响.结果表明:连续流变成形技术制备AZ31半固态合金的过程中,合金运动速度由靴侧到轧辊侧呈线性递增,在近轧辊处出现速度最大值,合金与靴接触边界速度为零;合金温度场由浇口到辊-靴型腔出口温度逐渐降低,并且等温线向轧辊侧偏离;合金出口温度与浇注温度基本呈线性的正比例关系变化,且模拟出的最佳浇注温度范围为730～770℃.     

浇注温度对AZ31镁合金连续流变挤压成形组织的影响

研究了不同浇注温度、辊靴型腔中不同位置的AZ31镁合金组织.结果表明,浇注温度高于750℃时,半固态区减小,工作辊对半固态区枝晶的剪切时间变短,枝晶破碎不充分,得不到优质的半固态金属浆料;浇注温度低于730℃时,固相区变大,半固态区部分枝晶未得到充分剪切就进入了固相区,固相区的枝晶更是难以断裂,因此得不到理想的半固态组织;随着固相区的增加,合金变形更加困难,设备工作压力增加,使用寿命降低;AZ31镁合金连续流变挤压最佳浇注温度为730～750℃.     

浇注温度对合金熔体冷却规律和半固态组织的影响

介绍了一种实验室自主研发的轻合金半固态浆料制备设备--锥桶式流变成形机(TBR),该设备利用刻有凸纹和沟槽的内、外锥桶的相对转动,使合金熔体在凝固过程中受到剧烈的剪切搅拌,从而获得合金半固态浆料.对TBR工艺的传热模型进行了推导,以A356为实验材料得出制备的A356铝合金半固态浆料温度与浇注温度的关系式,同时分析了不同浇注温度下合金熔体的冷却规律和获得的半固态组织形貌.结果表明,适当降低A356合金熔体的浇注温度可以延长初生固相受到的剪切时间和增加剪切次数,从而获得细小、均匀的半固态组织.当浇注温度为640℃时,初生固相平均晶粒尺寸为68μm,形状因子为0.82.     

6201铝合金管材半固态连续扩展成形实验研究

采用半固态连续扩展成形技术,成功地试制了扩展比为3 52的6201铝合金管材·对其微观组织和力学性能的变化及机理进行了研究·实验表明:出模温度超过510℃时,其组织发生完全再结晶;T6,TA状态半固态连续扩展成形管材的强度随着时效时间的增加呈明显的上升趋势,而延伸率则呈明显的下降趋势·扩展成形工艺的关键在于确保成形终了温度高于520℃,T6状态的管材抗拉强度为299MPa,延伸率为9 4%;TA状态的管材抗拉强度为258MPa,延伸率为12 4%;力学性能演化机理分析表明,采用合适的连续扩展成形工艺与时效处理工艺能保证获得拉伸强度和延伸率匹配最佳的6201母线管材·     

浇注温度对AlSi9Mg半固态组织的影响

文章通过对AlSi9Mg合金在不同保温时间、保温温度下得到的显微组织的观察,研究了浇注温度对液相线浇注法制备AlSi9Mg合金半固态组织的影响;实验表明,随着浇注温度的降低,合金显微组织由树枝晶向蔷薇状形态再到球状或粒状组织变化,在605℃,保温30 min左右最佳。     

工艺参数对半固态流变铸-锻6061合金成形性的影响

采用分析软件测定6061合金冷却曲线,用手工搅拌法制备半固态6061合金,制备不同温度下的水淬试样,测试了不同温度下的初生固相率。利用H1F100型伺服驱动压力机及杯型实验模具,进行半固态6061合金流变铸-锻成形,研究了合金温度、成形压力、上型温度、保持时间等工艺参数对半固态6061合金成形性的影响。结果表明:在一套模具内实现铸造和锻造是可行的,合金温度以及上型温度越高,制件的成形性越好。本实验条件下,当半固态合金温度为642~645℃、上型预热温度为200~300℃时,随着保持时间的增加,半固态6061合金铸-锻成形试样容易产生冷隔等铸造缺陷。     

半固态铸造-叠轧深变形制备超细晶A2017合金

利用波浪型倾斜板半固态铸造和叠轧深变形的复合成形模式在等效应变为4.0的条件下制备出了平均晶粒为0.5μm的A2017合金超细晶材料.随着叠轧道次的增加,合金的维氏硬度先增后降,随后缓慢增加.在一定的退火温度下合金组织由亚稳定态向稳定态转变,在200℃保温1 h,晶粒生长比较缓慢,在退火温度高于200℃时晶粒变化明显;随着退火温度的升高,合金组织发生回复与再结晶过程,合金加工硬化逐渐消失,合金的维氏硬度降低.     

ZL116合金的半固态模锻成形组织与性能

采用300 t压力机,对半固态ZL116合金进行了模锻成形实验.结果表明:半固态模锻成形可以获得组织致密、轮廓清晰、充型完整的成形件;成形件微观组织主要为细小、分布均匀的近球状和蔷薇状非枝晶组织;同时由于成形静压力的作用引起局部组织发生塑性变形,使半固态模锻件的性能明显优于液态模锻件的性能,硬度可达65.7 HB,高于液态模锻件20.5%,为半固态加工技术在战车上的应用奠定了基础.     

浇注温度对AlSi7Mg合金显微组织的影响

研究了不同的烧注温度对铸造AlSi7Mg合金凝固组织的影响。实验表明：当浇注湿度接近液相线温度时,AlSi7Mg合金中的初生α－Al凝固成球状或粒状,晶粒细小,分布均匀;获得球状或粒状AlSi7Mg合金半固态坯料的最佳浇注温度为615℃;在接近液相线温度下浇注,较快的合金溶体冷却速度、浇注引起的合金溶体流动和大范围的同时凝固促使AlSi7Mg合金形成球状或粒状的初生α－Al组织。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the