Development of NiTiNb in-situ composite with high damping capacity and high yield strength

The shape memory alloys are well known to exhibit high damping capacity in martensite state, but possess low yield strength because of the reorientation or de -twining of the martensite variants. The high damping mechanism of shape memory alloys was introduced. The NiTiNb alloys with high yield strength and high damping capacity were designed and prepared. The microstructure evolution, martensitic transformation behavior, damping capacity and mechanical properties of series NiTiNb alloys were investigated. In view of the microstructure characteristic s of the NiTiNb in-situ composites, the mechanism associated with high damping capacity and high yield strength was discussed. The results show that NiTiNb alloys feature in in-situ composite, compo sed of primary NiTi(Nb) phase and fine lamellar eutectics of NiTi(Nb) and β-Nb.     

Coarsening behavior of MX carbonitrides in type 347H heat-resistant austenitic steel during thermal aging

In this work, the growth kinetics of MX (M = metal, X = C/N) nanoprecipitates in type 347H austenitic steel was systematically studied. To investigate the coarsening behavior and the growth mechanism of MX carbonitrides during long-term aging, experiments were performed at 700, 800, 850, and 900℃ for different periods (1, 24, 70, and 100 h). The precipitation behavior of carbonitrides in specimens subjected to various aging conditions was explored using carbon replicas and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations. The corresponding sizes of MX carbonitrides were measured. The results demonstrates that MX carbonitrides precipitate in type 347H austenitic steel as Nb(C,N). The coarsening rate constant is time-independent; however, an increase in aging temperature results in an increase in coarsening rate of Nb(C,N). The coarsening process was analyzed according to the calculated diffusion activation energy of Nb(C,N). When the aging temperature was 800–900℃, the mean activation energy was 294 kJ·mol-1, and the coarsening behavior was controlled primarily by the diffusion of Nb atoms.     

Experimental study on load bearing behavior of large scaled caps with pile groups

The objective of this investigation was to study the behavior of deep pile caps and the ultimate load-carrying capacity. Four 1/10 scaled models of nine-pile caps were cast and tested on vertical loads to failure. The destruction shapes of pile caps,the correlation between load and displacement,and the internal stresses were analyzed systematically. The results demonstrated that the failures of all the four models are resulted from punching shear; the internal flow of the forces in nine-pile caps can be approximated by ＂strut-and-tie＂ model. Furthermore,the failure loads of these specimens were predicted by some of the present design methods and the calculated results were compared with the experimental loads. The comparative results also indicated that the ＂strut-and-tie＂ model is a more reasonable design method for deep pile caps design.     

Failure analysis of AZ31 magnesium alloy sheets based on the extended GTN damage model

Based on the Gurson-Tvergaard-Needleman (GTN) model and Hill’s quadratic anisotropic yield criterion, a combined experimental-numerical study on fracture initiation in the process of thermal stamping of Mg alloy AZ31 sheets was carried out. The aim is to predict the formability of thermal stamping of the Mg alloy sheets at different temperatures. The presented theoretical framework was implemented into a VUMAT subroutine for ABAQUS/EXPLICIT. Internal damage evolution due to void growth and coalescence developed at different temperatures in the Mg alloy sheets was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Moreover, the thermal effects on the void growth, coalescence, and fracture behavior of the Mg alloy sheets were analyzed by the extended GTN model and forming limit diagrams (FLD). Parameters employed in the GTN model were determined from tensile tests and numerical iterative computation. The distribution of major and minor principal strains in the specimens was determined from the numerical results. Therefore, the corresponding forming limit diagrams at different stress levels and temperatures were drawn. The comparison between the predicted forming limits and the experimental data shows a good agreement.     

Osmotically stress-regulated the expression of glutathione peroxidase 3 in Arabidopsis

Gene expression of glutathione peroxidase 3 (ATGPX3) in response to osmotic stress was analyzed in Arabidopsis using ATGPX3 promoter-glucuronidase (GUS) transgenic plants. High levels of GUS ex- pression were detected under osmotic stress in ATGPX3 promoter-GUS transgenic plants. Compared with the wild type, the growth and development of ATGPX3 mutants (atgpx3-1) were more sensitive to mannitol. In addition, the expression of RD29A, ABI1, ABI2 and RbohD in atgpx3-1 was induced by ABA stress. These results suggest that ATGPX3 might be involved in the signal transduction of osmotic stress.     

Long-term mechanical behavior and characteristics of cemented tailings backfill through impact loading

Cemented tailings backfill(CTB) structures are important components of underground mine stopes. It is important to investigate the characteristics and dynamic behavior of CTB materials because they are susceptible to disturbance by dynamic loading, such as excavation and blasting. In this study, the authors present the results of a series of Split–Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB) single and cyclic impact loading tests on CTB specimens to investigate the long-term dynamic mechanical properties of CTB. The stress–strain relationship, dynamic strength, and dynamic failure characteristics of CTB specimens are analyzed and discussed to provide valuable conclusions that will improve our knowledge of CTB long-term mechanical behavior and characteristics. For instance, the dynamic peak stress under cyclic impact loading is approximately twice that under single impact loading, and the CTB specimens are less prone to fracture when cyclically loaded. These findings and conclusions can provide a new set of references for the stability analysis of CTB materials and help guide mine designers in reducing the amount of binding agents and the associated mining cost.     

Hot deformation behavior andfl ow stress modeling of annealed AZ61 Mg alloys

In this study, the hyperbolic-sine type constitutive equation was used to model the flow stress of annealed AZ61 magnesium(Mg) alloys. Hot compression tests were conducted at the temperatures ranging from 250 1C to 450 1C and at the strain rates ranging from 1 10–3s 1to 1 s 1on a Gleeble-3500 thermo-simulation machine. Constitutive equations as a function of strain were established through a simple extension of the hyperbolic sine constitutive relation. The effects of annealing heat treatments on the variations in constitutive parameters with strain were discussed. The hot compressive flow curves exhibited typical features of dynamic recrystallization. Multiple peak flow curves were observed in the annealed specimens upon testing at a strain rate of 1 10 1s–1and at various temperatures. Variations in constitutive parameters with strain were related to flow behavior and dependent on the initial conditions of the test specimens. The flow stresses of annealed AZ61 Mg alloys were predicted well by the strain-dependent constitutive equations of the hyperbolic sine function under the deformation conditions employed in this study.     

动态应变时效的应力状态依赖性:热硬化和蓝脆

This study aims to discover the stress-state dependence of the dynamic strain aging (DSA) effect on the deformation and fracture behavior of high-strength dual-phase (DP) steel at different deformation temperatures (25–400°C) and reveal the damage mechanisms under these various configurations. To achieve different stress states, predesigned specimens with different geometric features were used. Scanning electron microscopy was applied to analyze the fracture modes (e.g., dimple or shear mode) and underlying damage mechanism of the investigated material. DSA is present in this DP steel, showing the Portevin–Le Chatelier (PLC) effect with serrated flow behavior, thermal hardening, and blue brittleness phenomena. Results show that the stress state contributes distinctly to the DSA effect in terms of the magnitude of thermal hardening and the pattern of blue brittleness. Either low stress triaxiality or Lode angle parameter promotes DSA-induced blue brittleness. Accordingly, the damage mechanisms also show dependence on the stress states in conjunction with the DSA effect.     

Development of NiTiNb in-situ composite with high damping capacity and high yield strength

The shape memory alloys are well known to exhibit high damping capacity in martensite state,but possess low yield strength because of the reorientation or de-twining of the martensite variants.The high damping mechanism of shape memory alloys was introduced.The NiTiNb alloys with high yield strength and high damping capacity were designed and prepared.The microstructure evolution,martensitic transformation behavior,damping capacity and mechanical properties of series NiTiNb alloys were investigated.In vi...     

Stress-state dependence of dynamic strain aging: Thermal hardening and blue brittleness

This study aims to discover the stress-state dependence of the dynamic strain aging(DSA) effect on the deformation and fracture behavior of high-strength dual-phase(DP) steel at different deformation temperatures(25–400℃) and reveal the damage mechanisms under these various configurations. To achieve different stress states, predesigned specimens with different geometric features were used. Scanning electron microscopy was applied to analyze the fracture modes(e.g., dimple or shear mode) and underlying damage mechanism of the investigated material. DSA is present in this DP steel, showing the Portevin–Le Chatelier(PLC) effect with serrated flow behavior, thermal hardening, and blue brittleness phenomena. Results show that the stress state contributes distinctly to the DSA effect in terms of the magnitude of thermal hardening and the pattern of blue brittleness. Either low stress triaxiality or Lode angle parameter promotes DSA-induced blue brittleness. Accordingly, the damage mechanisms also show dependence on the stress states in conjunction with the DSA effect.     

剪跨比对钢管混凝土组合桥墩抗震性能影响试验研究

钢管混凝土组合桥墩是一种以圆钢管为钢骨的新型钢-混凝土组合桥墩,具有良好的应用前景.通过3个组合桥墩试件的拟静力试验,研究了钢管混凝土组合桥墩的抗震性能和抗剪强度,分析了剪跨比对组合桥墩破坏形态、位移延性、刚度退化、滞回耗能和残余位移的影响.试验结果表明:剪跨比是决定组合桥墩破坏形态的关键因素,3个不同剪跨比的组合桥墩试件发生的破坏模式有剪切斜压破坏、弯剪破坏和弯曲破坏3类;3个组合桥墩试件的滞回曲线均比较饱满、稳定,无明显的捏缩、滑移现象;随着剪跨比的增大,试件的变形能力和耗能特性得到改善,刚度退化减慢,残余位移减小;不同剪跨比的组合桥墩试件均具有良好的变形能力,满足工程实践对位移延性系数和极限位移角的要求;对组合桥墩的抗剪强度计算公式进行了有益探讨,研究成果可为组合桥墩的抗震设计提供参考.     

钢管轻集料混凝土长柱轴压性能试验研究

对18根不同长细比和含钢率的钢管轻集料混凝土长柱进行轴压试验,研究了钢管轻集料混凝土长柱在轴心压力下的受力性能,并与钢管普通混凝土进行了对比.结果表明:钢管轻集料混凝土长柱破坏属于整体失稳破坏,长细比越大,其承载力和稳定系数越低,加载过程中由全截面受压转为一侧受拉一侧受压,最终因为挠度过大而破坏;相同长细比情况下,钢管轻集料混凝土构件的承载力随含钢率增大而增大;核心混凝土性能对钢管混凝土的界限长细比有一定影响,钢管轻集料混凝土的界限长细比低于钢管普通混凝土;钢管轻集料混凝土的稳定系数要高于长细比相同的钢管普通混凝土.     

脱空率对偏心受压钢管混凝土力学性能影响研究

对12个脱空钢管混凝土短柱进行了脱空侧偏心受压的极限承载力试验,试验参数为脱空率,研究在一定偏心率下,脱空钢管混凝土短柱力学性能。试验结果表明,脱空率对钢管混凝土偏压构件受力性能与承载力均有影响,随着脱空率的增大,钢管对核心混凝土的套箍作用不断削弱,构件的极限承载力也明显下降,但比脱空的轴心受压钢管混凝土极限承载力折减要少。     

内配螺旋箍筋方钢管高强混凝土柱的轴压试验

为研究内配螺旋箍筋方钢管高强混凝土柱的轴压性能,对内填混凝土强度为112 MPa的3个内配螺旋箍筋方钢管混凝土(SCCFST)试件和1个方钢管混凝土(CFST)试件进行单调轴压加载,试验参数为螺旋箍筋的体积配箍率和屈服强度.结果表明:相较于CFST试件,SCCFST试件的轴压承载力基本没有提高,但峰值后性能有明显改善;每一次螺旋筋的断裂会导致SCCFST试件承载力显著下降;SCCFST柱承载力实测值与CFST柱承载力计算值的吻合程度较好.     

变截面钢管混凝土格构柱轴压极限承载力

变截面钢管混凝土格构柱的轴压试验结果表明,随着试件高度的增大和柱肢坡度的减小,其极限荷载逐渐降低.基于上述规律,在等截面钢管混凝土格构柱计算框架的基础上,研究了变截面钢管混凝土格构柱轴压极限承载力的计算方法.提出变截面钢管混凝土格构柱等效长度的概念和等效长度法的计算公式,其承载力计算结果与试验结果吻合良好.最后在有限元数值分析验证的基础上,给出适合工程应用的四肢变截面钢管混凝土格构柱轴压极限承载力的实用算法,为钢管混凝土设计规程的进一步完善提供参考.     

复合钢管混凝土柱轴压承载力的计算

为了研究具有内钢管和型钢增强的复合钢管混凝土柱的承载力,将钢管混凝土统一理论推广应用于复合钢管混凝土柱轴压强度计算中,在分析了复合钢管混凝土柱轴压受力机理的基础上,综合考虑不同内外钢材的截面形式,提出了组合等效套箍系数,应用于复合钢管混凝土柱的轴压强度计算,并将计算结果与文献的试验数据进行了对比。结果表明:可以用统一理论计算复合钢管混凝土柱的轴压承载力;该方法具有形式统一、计算简便、计算精度高的优点。     

钢管混凝土格构短柱轴力弯矩相关曲线的试验研究

进行了13根以偏心率为参数的钢管混凝土格构短柱试验,其中11根为偏心受压,2根为偏心受拉.试验结果表明,腹杆受力较小,处于弹性阶段,试件按柱肢破坏形式可分为压坏型和拉坏型.对于偏压试件而言,当偏心率小于界限偏心率时,为压坏型;大于界限偏心率时,为拉坏型.对于偏心受拉试件而言,均为拉坏型.继而对我国主要的钢管混凝土结构设计规范的有关计算方法进行了分析,提出了综合不同规程、更为精确的钢管混凝土格构短柱轴力弯矩相关方程.     

CFRP约束圆钢管高强混凝土短柱轴压试验研究

为研究混凝土强度、径厚比、CFRP(碳纤维增强复合材料)层数及CFRP包裹方式等参数对CFRP约束圆钢管混凝土轴压静力性能的影响,进行了6个圆钢管混凝土短柱和18个CFRP-钢管混凝土短柱的轴压对比试验.研究发现CFRP的约束对圆钢管混凝土承载力有较显著的提升,且承载力的提高幅度随着CFRP的增加而增加.钢管高强、超高强混凝土短柱的破坏形态呈现为剪切破坏,延性较差,CFRP的约束可以改善其延性,且CFRP层数越多延性越好.半包CFRP试件性能接近于全包CFRP试件性能.随径厚比增大,CFRP约束效果下降.若黏结良好,试件失效前,CFRP与钢管能保持协同工作;最后选取了3个经典的CFRP约束钢管混凝土轴压承载力公式进行验算,发现基于CFRP和钢管双重约束的公式能较好地预测其承载力.     

非贯通式钢管混凝土柱—梁节点偏压性能

为研究柱钢管不全贯通式钢管混凝土柱—梁节点的偏压性能,探讨了偏压试验中的节点试件的破坏形态、极限承载力及变形能力等情况,并采用DIANA软件进行参数化非线性有限元方法分析。试验及分析结果表明,节点具有较好的延性,节点方案是可行的。有限元分析可较好地模拟偏压试件的变形及极限承载力、裂缝开展以及钢筋应变分布规律。偏心距的增大会使得偏压试件承载力降低,配筋率的增大会使得偏压试件承载力提高,偏压构件的环筋应变沿受压侧向受拉侧衰减,形成不均匀的约束力。     

钢管混凝土柱-RC环梁节点受力性能分析

进行了钢管混凝土(CFST)柱-钢筋混凝土(RC)环梁节点的静载和低周反复荷载实验研究,分析了节点的破坏形态、延性和耗能能力等性能.试验结果表明,这种节点连接可靠,具有良好的延性和耗能能力,能够满足延性抗震设计的要求.