SiO2/ZnO 三维光子晶体的制备及光学性质

采用垂直沉积法制备了三维SiO2光子晶体模板。以醋酸锌为前躯体,成功制备了SiO2/ZnO三维复合光子晶体。扫描电子显微镜测试结果表明SiO2和SiO2/ZnO光子晶体均为面心立方结构排列。光学测试表明SiO2和SiO2/ZnO周期性阵列均在[111]方向出现了光子带隙。当具有较高折射率的ZnO材料包覆后,SiO2/ZnO 光子晶体[111]方向光子带隙的中心波长发生红移,光子晶体基元材料的有效折射率有所增加。同时,光子晶体的光学性质与样品内部的缺陷态密度密切相关。     

二维液晶环型光子晶体的可调完全带隙

利用平面波展开法研究了二维三角晶格液晶环型光子晶体的完全带隙的动态可调节性.数值模拟结果表明:环中所填充的5CB液晶指向矢的旋转角从0°到90°改变,二维环型光子晶体一直出现完全带隙,并且完全带隙随着液晶指向矢的旋转角的变化可以实现动态可调.分析完全带隙可调范围与二维液晶环型光子晶体的结构参数(液晶环内/外径、基底材料的折射率、液晶正常/反常折射率、内介质柱折射率)的变化关系.     

有旋转六角洞的光子晶体的最大绝对带隙和缺陷模

研究有旋转六角洞的三角点阵二维光子晶体的带结构,探索单元核几何对称性减少对绝对带隙值和局域缺陷模频率值的影响。对洞的中等旋转角,我们揭示此结构的最大绝对带隙可以获得,且该角依赖于洞的半径和背景材料的折射指数。我们也研究了由洞的缺失产生的缺陷模的特点,讨论了此结构模的可调性。     

磁控溅射氧化钛薄膜的光学性能

常温下,通过反应磁控溅射法在K9双面抛光玻璃基底上制备氧化钛薄膜．采用X线衍射（X—ray Diffraction,XRD）、光栅光谱仪和椭偏仪对氧化钛薄膜样品的结构和光学性能进行测试,并拟合分析得到薄膜的折射率和厚度等光学参数．结果表明：氧化钛纳米薄膜呈非晶态,其折射率和消光系数随波长的变化而变化,薄膜的透射率测量结果和理论计算结果在350—800nm光波范围内吻合良好．由于氧化钛薄膜的折射率高且在可见光波段吸收小、呈透明状,是用来构成一维光子晶体的理想组分,有关其光学性能的基础研究对光子晶体的结构设计及其器件的开发应用具有积极的意义．     

Observation of two-dimensional discrete solitons in optically induced nonlinear photonic lattices

Nonlinear periodic lattices occur in a large variety of systems, such as biological molecules, nonlinear optical waveguides, solid-state systems and Bose-Einstein condensates. The underlying dynamics in these systems is dominated by the interplay between tunnelling between adjacent potential wells and nonlinearity. A balance between these two effects can result in a self-localized state: a lattice or 'discrete' soliton. Direct observation of lattice solitons has so far been limited to one-dimensional systems, namely in arrays of nonlinear optical waveguides. However, many fundamental features are expected to occur in higher dimensions, such as vortex lattice solitons, bright lattice solitons that carry angular momentum, and three-dimensional collisions between lattice solitons. Here, we report the experimental observation of two-dimensional (2D) lattice solitons. We use optical induction, the interference of two or more plane waves in a photosensitive material, to create a 2D photonic lattice in which the solitons form. Our results pave the way for the realization of a variety of nonlinear localization phenomena in photonic lattices and crystals. Finally, our observation directly relates to the proposed lattice solitons in Bose-Einstein condensates, which can be observed in optically induced periodic potentials.     

一维光子晶体中的几率密度和拓扑相

用光量子理论给出一维光子晶体(AB)^N中光子的几率密度、几率流密度和Zak相, 当介质B的折射率n_b=1.12时, 用量子方法计算出三条带的Zak相. 结果表明:  当入射角θ和周期数N改变时, 光子晶体的几率密度和几率流密度近似为周期变化, 且其振幅随入射角θ和周期数N的增加而增大; 当入射光的频率与透射率T=100%相对应时, 几率密度的振幅最大, 当入射光的频率与透射率T=0相对应时, 几率密度不为零, 但几率密度的振幅迅速衰减到零, 即光子晶体中存在光子的量子隧道效应.     

厚度递变结构一维光子晶体的缺陷模研究

光子晶体的许多应用与缺陷模相关,研究缺陷模可为光子器件的设计提供参考.利用传输矩阵法,研究了光波在包含掺杂缺陷的厚度渐变准周期结构一维光子晶体中的传播规律,分析了缺陷层的位置和光学厚度对缺陷模的影响.结果表明,在准周期结构光子晶体引入缺陷,光子晶体禁带中也产生了缺陷模;随着掺杂缺陷层位置和光学厚度的变化,缺陷模的位置和共振透射峰也随之变化.     

镜像对称的光子晶体透射带特性

通过传输矩阵方法计算了镜像对称光子晶体的带隙结构,结果表明该结构具有优越的窄带滤波性能.如果在该光子晶体两端均加入较高的折射率介质,构成夹心"三明治"结构,这时的光子晶体透射带结构出现多通道滤波特性;当两端加入不同的较高折射率介质但其光学厚度仍保持为基本结构单元的光学厚度时,得到宽度为50~2500 nm大范围的低透射区,其具有宽带阻波作用;当两端加入的不同高折射率介质但光学厚度变为基本光学厚度的两倍时,则得到在中心波长处出现非常窄的完全透射峰,这种带隙结构可用来设计优异理想窄带滤波器.     

材料色散对一维光子晶体带隙的影响研究

运用传输矩阵方法研究了材料色散对传统周期结构一维光子晶体光子带隙的影响.计算结果表明,考虑色散后,光子带隙既可能变窄也可能增宽,既可能发生红移也可能发生蓝移.光子带隙的改变与色散材料的色散强度、谐振频率及2介质材料折射率差的改变相关.色散强度越大对光子带隙的影响也越大.一般来说,若考虑色散后两介质材料的折射率差增大,则...     

Large-scale synthesis of a silicon photonic crystal with a complete three-dimensional bandgap near 1.5 micrometres

Photonic technology, using light instead of electrons as the information carrier, is increasingly replacing electronics in communication and information management systems. Microscopic light manipulation, for this purpose, is achievable through photonic bandgap materials, a special class of photonic crystals in which three-dimensional, periodic dielectric constant variations controllably prohibit electromagnetic propagation throughout a specified frequency band. This can result in the localization of photons, thus providing a mechanism for controlling and inhibiting spontaneous light emission that can be exploited for photonic device fabrication. In fact, carefully engineered line defects could act as waveguides connecting photonic devices in all-optical microchips, and infiltration of the photonic material with suitable liquid crystals might produce photonic bandgap structures (and hence light-flow patterns) fully tunable by an externally applied voltage. However, the realization of this technology requires a strategy for the efficient synthesis of high-quality, large-scale photonic crystals with photonic bandgaps at micrometre and sub-micrometre wavelengths, and with rationally designed line and point defects for optical circuitry. Here we describe single crystals of silicon inverse opal with a complete three-dimensional photonic bandgap centred on 1.46 microm, produced by growing silicon inside the voids of an opal template of dose-packed silica spheres that are connected by small 'necks' formed during sintering, followed by removal of the silica template. The synthesis method is simple and inexpensive, yielding photonic crystals of pure silicon that are easily integrated with existing silicon-based microelectronics.     

近零超平坦色散液体填充光子晶体光纤的设计

建立填充高折射率温度系数液体的六边形折射率引导型光子晶体光纤的数值模型,利用矢量光束传输法研究该类光纤的几何和光学参数对色散的影响,通过对孔径、孔间距等结构参数进行优化调整,设计出在1.46～1.65μm内色散系数介于0士0.5 ps/(nm·km)之间的超平坦色散光子晶体光纤.     

高灵敏度光纤MZI折射率传感器

首次在实芯光子晶体光纤中制备了横向大偏置结构光纤马赫-曾德尔干涉仪折射率传感器,并理论分析了此种干涉仪的干涉机制和折射率传感特性,以及影响折射率传感特性的各种因素;搭建实验系统,测试了折射率传感特性。结果表明,腔长330 μm传感器的干涉谱对外部环境折射率变化的响应成线性,透射谱随环境介质折射率增大而向短波方向移动,灵敏度超过-15 100 nm/RIU,灵敏度与腔长长度无关,光子晶体光纤的气孔对折射率传感特性影响很小。此种高灵敏度的光纤微腔折射率传感器适用于液体或气体的快速检测领域。     

一维光子晶体表面模的特性

【目的】研究一维光子晶体表面模的特性,探究使用衰减全反射(ATR)技术激发光子晶体表面模的可行性。【方法】采用超元胞法和迭代菲涅尔方程计算一维光子晶体表面模的色散曲线及其ATR反射谱(利用棱镜装置)。【结果】当一维光子晶体最外层是高折射率层时,改变其厚度可以灵活控制表面模,相同带隙内不同位置的表面模其电场局域性不同;能带图中同一带隙内远离真空光线且居于带隙中部的表面模其电场局域性更强。【结论】利用棱镜装置能激发一维光子晶体的表面波;通过反射谱的形状和极小值点的位置可以判断透射介质的光学性质。     

等效折射率模型分析二维光子晶体微谐振腔模态

 采用数值计算方法,利用等效折射率模型研究不同折射率材料制造的二维光子晶体微谐振腔的模态。发现可以通过增加薄膜厚度达到良好的光子局域化。讨论了薄膜层材料折射率分别为n=3.42,2.50,1.80,1.60,薄膜层厚度分别对应为0.1529,0.2182,0.3341,0.4003μm,其等效折射率分别对应于2.81,2.23,1.52,1.38时,达到良好光子局域,说明介质材料与空气折射率差值小的光子晶体微谐振腔结构若要有好的光子局限能力,除了需要靠介质材料本身的全反射效应外,还需有足够厚的膜层厚度。从而找到一个能控制光场分布同时维持单模振荡的机制,揭示微谐振腔体薄膜层厚度对模态影响,为实际研制具有高质量微谐振腔提供了一种较好的预估手段。     

光子晶体及其应用研究

对光子晶体的性质和应用,如光局域化或光子晶体波导,甚至于是沿着一个很尖锐的弯曲的光子晶体波导能力,以及光子晶体激光器,进行了讨论.在这一技术领域,有许多基础方面的特点被认为是正确的,但却没有给出严格的证明.这是由于下列两方面的原因,第一是这个新领域发展的非常迅速,第二是由于在光子晶体中分析电磁波是很困难的,除了使用计算机去得到定量结果外,没有别的选择.板型的光子晶体(带有一个周期性空洞系统的高折射率板片),对高集成的光电路器件来说,也许是最佳结构.     

Three-dimensional control of light in a two-dimensional photonic crystal slab

Optoelectronic devices are increasingly important in communication and information technology. To achieve the necessary manipulation of light (which carries information in optoelectronic devices), considerable efforts are directed at the development of photonic crystals--periodic dielectric materials that have so-called photonic bandgaps, which prohibit the propagation of photons having energies within the bandgap region. Straightforward application of the bandgap concept is generally thought to require three-dimensional (3D) photonic crystals; their two-dimensional (2D) counterparts confine light in the crystal plane, but not in the perpendicular z direction, which inevitably leads to diffraction losses. Nonetheless, 2D photonic crystals still attract interest because they are potentially more amenable to fabrication by existing techniques and diffraction losses need not seriously impair utility. Here we report the fabrication of a waveguide-coupled photonic crystal slab (essentially a free-standing 2D photonic crystal) with a strong 2D bandgap at wavelengths of about 1.5 microm, yet which is capable of fully controlling light in all three dimensions. These features confirm theoretical calculations on the possibility of achieving 3D light control using 2D bandgaps, with index guiding providing control in the third dimension, and raise the prospect of being able to realize unusual photonic-crystal devices, such as thresholdless lasers.     

含缺陷模一维光子晶体的超窄带滤波特性分析

利用传输矩阵方法,计算含缺陷模的一维光子晶体中缺陷模产生的窄透过带的滤波特性。结果得出,缺陷模介质的折射率越小,产生的超窄滤波带滤波性能越好;一维光子晶体的两基元介质折射率比值越大,产生的透过带越窄;缺陷插入一维光子晶体正中间产生的滤波效果最好。     

Parity-time synthetic photonic lattices

The development of new artificial structures and materials is today one of the major research challenges in optics. In most studies so far, the design of such structures has been based on the judicious manipulation of their refractive index properties. Recently, the prospect of simultaneously using gain and loss was suggested as a new way of achieving optical behaviour that is at present unattainable with standard arrangements. What facilitated these quests is the recently developed notion of 'parity-time symmetry' in optical systems, which allows a controlled interplay between gain and loss. Here we report the experimental observation of light transport in large-scale temporal lattices that are parity-time symmetric. In addition, we demonstrate that periodic structures respecting this symmetry can act as unidirectional invisible media when operated near their exceptional points. Our experimental results represent a step in the application of concepts from parity-time symmetry to a new generation of multifunctional optical devices and networks.     

一维函数光子晶体的禁带特性理论

提出了一种新型函数光子晶体,其折射率是一个空间位置函数.在费马原理的基础上,利用传输矩阵理论研究了光子晶体介质层的折射率、周期数、入射角等对光子晶体带隙变化的影响.为灵活实现某特定带隙的光子晶体的制备提供了理论依据.     

一维光子晶体的带隙分析

折射率交错变化的薄膜结构 ,可以作为一维光子晶体来分析 .采用薄膜光学理论 ,分析了光波在该类一维光子晶体中的传播特性 ,探讨了光子晶体膜层的折射率、光学厚度、中心波长等对一维光子晶体光带隙性能的影响 ,从而为一维光子晶体的设计提供参考 .