熔融结晶法制备精萘的工艺研究

萘作为多环芳烃在精细化工中有着不可取代的独特作用，主要用于生产燃料，医药、鞣革荆、香料，植物保护剂及橡胶防者化剂等。本研究以焦油工业萘为原料，采用的是静态结晶法中的熔融法制备精萘的工艺。实验结果表明：此工艺具有操作简单、能牦低，不需要溶剂，三废排放少等优点；结晶温度为78．5℃，结晶时同为20h时，降温速度为2℃／h时，恒温时间为16．5h，精萘纯度高迭98．21％。因此，本研究具有重要的理论意义和实用价值。     

HDPE微注射成型条件下非等温静态结晶

利用差示扫描量热仪(DSC),物理模拟HDPE微注射成型模腔中心层的静态非等温结晶过程,将样品从80℃以10℃/min升温速率升至180℃,并保温2 min。然后在液氮冷却作用下分别以5,10,15,20℃/min的恒降温速率,将温度降至80℃,得到静态非等温结晶DSC热流曲线,并利用Eopoxobeku方法对HDPE非等温结晶动力学参数进行解析。研究结果表明:当降温速率从5℃/min增大到20℃/min时,HDPE结晶起始温度从121.81℃下降到118.93℃,结晶度由86.19%增大到90.34%,非等温结晶动力学曲线在结晶初期基本上呈线性关系,而在后期不呈线性关系;结晶初期降温速率对晶体成核和生长机理的影响比较大,而结晶后期晶体成核和生长机理受降温速率的影响较小。     

煤焦油中萘—硫茚分离技术的研究

针对萘－硫茚的固液平衡采用溶剂精馏可得到度〉９９．０％的精萘，结晶点约７９．３℃，符合国家二级精萘标准；如果再经１－２次重结晶过程，可达到国家一级精萘标准；采用反应精馏，加入ｃｃ－６０１添加剂，可得到纯度大于９９．６％的精萘，符合国家一级精萘标准。     

不同降温速率对奶绵羊冻后精子质膜和线粒体膜完整性的影响

冻精的生产和应用可充分保存和利用优秀种畜的遗传资源并加快品种改良进程.然而,目前绵羊的冻精技术体系还不完善.戴瑞羊(DairyMeade)是国内引进的新型乳用绵羊品种,为建立适用于戴瑞羊的细管冻精生产方案,本研究选用3只18月龄的戴瑞种公羊(N1、N2、N3),在冷冻曲线的-10℃～-100℃危险温区内设置8个降温速率(30℃/min～100℃/min,间隔10℃/min),利用程序化冷冻仪生产细管冻精,并比较了冻后精子的质膜完整率、线粒体膜完整率和IVF后的胚胎卵裂率.结果显示:1)N1羊60℃/min、70℃/min和80℃/min三个降温速率下冻后精子质膜完整率无显著差异,但显著高于其他5个降温速率组(P0.05); N2与N3羊60℃/min降温速率下的冻后精子质膜完整率与80℃/min组差异不显著,但显著高于其他6个降温速率组(P0.05); 2)三只羊60℃/min降温速率下冻后精子的线粒体膜完整率与70℃/min降温速率组无显著差异,但显著高于其他6个降温速率组(P0.05); 3)60℃/min组冻后精子体外受精后的胚胎卵裂率最高.结果表明,在-10℃～-100℃降温区间内60℃/min的降温速率可获得质量较好的戴瑞羊细管冻精.本研究为戴瑞奶绵羊冻精程序的优化提供了理论依据.     

降膜结晶分离提纯对二甲苯

降膜结晶是一种重要的对二甲苯提纯方式。以含有75%(质量分数)对二甲苯的混二甲苯为原料,研究降膜结晶分离提纯对二甲苯过程,考察挂膜、进料速率、预冷温度、结晶温度、降温速率等工艺条件对结晶过程的影响,以及发汗终温、升温速率对发汗过程的影响。研究结果表明:当结晶条件为挂膜、进料线性喷淋密度360.53 mL/(m·min)、预冷温度25℃、结晶温度15℃、降温速率0.15℃/min时,以及发汗条件为升温速率1℃/min、发汗终温10℃时,可获得纯度高于99.50%的对二甲苯产品。     

萃取精馏法精制萘

采用萃取精馏法精制工业萘和萘渣,考察了不同溶剂、溶剂比的精制效果。结果表明：二乙醇胺是一种较好的极性溶剂,在溶剂比Ｒ＝１０．０时,可以分别得到萘含量ｗｎａｐｈ＝０．９９０的精萘和ｗｎａｐｈ＝０．９１８的萘;煤油是一种较好的非极性溶性,在溶剂比Ｒ＝３．０时,可以分别得到ｗｎａｐｈ＝０．９９２的精萘和ｗｎａｐｈ＝０．９０１的萘。     

不同表面活性剂对氯化钾结晶习性的影响

以改变氯化钾的结晶习性为目的,进行了不同表面活性剂的筛选、以及加入量、降温速率、搅拌速度等因素对氯化钾结晶习性影响的试验研究。结果表明:十二烷基磺酸钠对氯化钾结晶习性影响不明显,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵使氯化钾晶体呈棒状且杂晶较多,吐温-80使氯化钾晶体呈片状晶形。加入表面活性剂改变氯化钾结晶习性的优化工艺条件为十六烷基三甲基溴化铵和吐温-80的质量百分比浓度0.10%,结晶过程降温速率10℃/h、搅拌速率300 r/min,此时氯化钾晶形改变较明显,结垢和结块现象显著减轻。     

利用DSC测定复合材料的非等温结晶动力学特征参数

测试了MRP A66,MRPET和MRPP三种复合材料在六种降温速率下的非等温结晶DSC曲线.在A.Jeziorny的基础上提出了测定高聚物非等温结晶动力学特征参数的新的数据处理方法。首次报导了这三种复合材料的非等温结晶动力学特征参数。结果表明,非等温动力学结晶能力G_c与高聚物的降温速率无关。当降温速率大等于8k/分时,非等温结晶速率常数Z_c与降温速率无关,但当降温速率小等于5k/分时,Z_c值随降温速率变小而迅速减小,此时Jeziorny理论已不适用.结果还表明,随着降温速率变大,MRPET的Avrami指数增大,而MRPA66和MRPP的Avrami指数却变小。     

葡萄糖醛酸内酯结晶过程研究

采用静态平衡法测定葡萄糖醛酸内酯在水中4～50℃下的溶解度;采用激光光强分析法,测定在不同降温速率下葡萄糖醛酸内酯在水溶液中的介稳区,降温速率为15,℃/h时,过冷度约为10,℃;降温速率为5,℃/h时,过冷度约为5,℃.在不同温度下,葡萄糖醛酸内酯溶解度及其温度敏感性存在差异,葡萄糖醛酸内酯的介稳区宽度随着降温速率的改变而不同,降温越快,介稳区越宽.采用MSMPR稳态法建立了葡萄糖醛酸内酯在水中的结晶动力学模型:成核速率B0=2.53exp(?2.8 1×10 4/RT)S 0.9 9M T1.45,R=0.92;生长速率G=2.80×10?7 exp(?2.96/RT)S1.42,R=0.93.     

冷冻法卤水脱硝技术改进的研究

采用间歇冷冻法考察了不同降温速率下芒硝晶体粒度及分布情况,研究了芒硝结晶成长速率数学模型.结果表明,在卤水冷冻脱硝过程中通过控制降温速率为0.24℃/min,将过饱和度控制在介稳区内,利于结晶过程的操作,并且可以得到平均粒径为300μm芒硝晶体,以满足芒硝与卤水的沉降分离要求.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the