基于激光跟踪的V形坡口焊接机器人

介绍了激光跟踪焊接机器人的结构组成和工作原理。在分析了V形坡口焊缝空间位置和形状特征的基础上,采取结构光法标定焊缝图像。经过焊缝条纹图像处理,提取焊缝特征点,根据三角测量原理建立了特征点的三维坐标。通过建立图像空间到机器人末端焊枪的笛卡尔空间雅可比矩阵,计算出焊枪在基坐标下的位姿;利用机器人逆运动学方程,求得机器人各关节的位置值,最后由关节控制器控制各个关节的运动,实现了机器人V形坡口焊接的视觉控制。     

弧焊机器人焊缝位置的电流检测法

本文介绍了弧焊机器人在进行“Ｖ”型坡口对接焊或角接焊时,为了跟踪焊缝轨迹而进行的焊缝位置检测方法－电流检测法,通过对焊接电流信号的数字处理,提取了反映焊枪与焊缝相对位置的特征信号,定时向机器人控制器提供修正信号,从而使固定在机器人手臂上的焊枪准确地跟踪焊缝。     

弧焊机器人空间焊缝焊接参数与姿态规划研究

针对弧焊机器人空间焊缝焊接工艺参数和焊枪姿态规划问题,提出了焊缝特征坐标系的概念,定义了“立坡焊”和“横坡焊”的概念,采用焊缝特征坐标系来描述各种焊接接头复杂空间焊缝的焊接位置,引用齐次变换技术求解空间焊缝的转角和倾角,将复杂空间焊缝的规划问题分解为“立坡焊”和“横坡焊”2种焊接位置的组合,并运用于马鞍型焊缝机器人焊接。实验结果表明,该方法正确可行。     

J形坡口焊接机器人运动控制系统设计

核电压力容器的焊接制造中,半球形封头与圆管相贯形成空间曲线J形坡口焊缝,通用焊接机器人难以满足焊接要求.针对研发的悬挂式J形坡口专用焊接机器人,设计开发了机器人运动控制系统.介绍了机器人机械结构特点及运动控制算法.机器人控制系统核心采用工业控制计算机(IPC)与DMC数字运动控制器,交流伺服电机为执行端,利用三级控制结构实现作业管理,组织各轴协同运动完成焊接作业.进行了空间曲线J形坡口焊缝焊接实验.实验结果表明,设计开发的运动控制系统能够很好地控制机器人各轴协同运动,满足空间曲线J形坡口焊缝的焊接需求,可以提高核电压力容器焊接制造的自动化水平.     

基于旋转电弧传感方式的焊接机器人路径生成方法

介绍了一种空间全位置焊接条件下的焊枪姿态自动规划方法.系统以旋转电弧传感器和工业机器人为平台而采集焊接电流数据,通过对电流处理,提取焊枪的姿态和焊缝的位置信息,据此计算机器人的运动轨迹;使焊枪自动跟踪平滑的三维焊缝,并随焊缝调整焊枪姿态;同时根据不同情况调整焊接参数,在焊缝终点自动结束焊接过程.最后,基于工业机器人的实验数据仿真,验证了所设计方案的可行性和有效性.结果表明:焊枪姿态自动规划方法可以自动跟踪三维焊缝和自动调整参数,且不需要另外附加传感器,使其成本降低和系统的复杂程度简化;焊枪姿态自动规划方法使得生产更加自动化,且前进速度均匀,焊接角度有保证,对提高焊接质量很有益.     

弧焊机器人激光焊缝跟踪系统的应用研究

焊缝自动跟踪是实现焊接自动化的关键,在传统弧焊机器人系统的基础上设计了一种基于激光传感器的焊缝跟踪子系统,构建了激光传感器的数学模型及机器人手眼标定方法,并针对搭接焊缝的图像特点,提取出焊缝特征点位置坐标.同时设计开发了焊缝跟踪控制算法和机器人焊缝跟踪程序,最后通过对储气罐环形搭接焊缝进行焊接实验,结果证明了该焊缝跟踪系统的有效性和可靠性.     

采用激光线光源的焊接坡口间隙视觉检测

针对生产过程中焊件的加工装配误差、焊件热变形等因素导致的焊接坡口间隙变化从而影响焊缝质量的问题,设计基于激光线性光源的焊接坡口间隙视觉检测系统.运用LabVIEW的Vision Builder AI 3.0图像处理模块对焊接坡口间隙变化进行实时测量,实现坡口间隙变化视觉信号的图像采集和检测.实验表明,焊接坡口的检测精度和实时性可以满足焊枪姿态、焊枪摆动角度和焊接过程中焊接规范的实时修正与控制要求.     

焊枪自转角对焊接机器人能量消耗的影响

结合弧焊焊接的内在特性,给出了机器人焊枪自转角的定义.基于三相功率分析仪,搭建了机器人功率消耗的测量平台.针对1G、2G和3G位置的直焊缝焊接,使用该平台测量了CMT弧焊焊接机器人在不同焊枪自转角作业过程中消耗的瞬时功率.计算并对比了机器人的平均功率,发现在这3种位置,改变焊接起点和终点的焊枪自转角,机器人在整个运动过程和焊缝段消耗的平均功率都有显著变化.机器人在焊缝段和整个运动过程中的功率消耗变化规律相似,存在着能量最优的起点和终点焊枪自转角.结果表明改变焊枪自转角,可以节省焊接机器人能量消耗.在1G、2G和3G位置,分别以各焊接位置所有焊枪自转角组合的平均值计算,最大可以减少11.1%、5.9%和8.3%的功率消耗.定义了功率消耗最小值附近区间表示取得功率最小值的难易程度,发现该区间概率很小,这进一步说明了焊枪自转角对机器人的功率消耗有显著影响,为了减少弧焊焊接中机器人的功率消耗,需要注意焊枪自转角的选择.最后,简述了焊枪自转角与机器人功率消耗,以及工件摆放位置与机器人功率消耗关联模型的建立思想,并给出了相关初步结果.该方面的研究对焊接机器人能量优化和实际焊接生产有着重要的指导意义.     

基于Kohonen网络弧焊机器人摆动跟踪时摆幅与频率的智能识别

针对10mm厚钢板V型坡口接头的弧焊机器人摆动跟踪焊接,实时测量电弧电压和焊接电流的瞬时值,对其进行两次统计处理,构建不同摆幅和摆动频率时的焊接电参数特征矢量,采用Kohonen网络识别技术,建立了焊接电参数特征矢量与摆动焊接摆幅和频率的内在联系,为定量研究摆幅和频率对V型坡口焊缝成形的影响提供依据。     

基于机器视觉的施工现场钢结构焊缝坡口识别

基于线结构光视觉传感技术建立了一种适用于施工现场钢结构焊缝坡口识别方法.以南京某超高层建筑钢结构为工程背景，首先设计开发了适用于施工现场的图像采集装置，通过识别算法从采集图像中截取结构光线条感兴趣区域图像；其次，提出了基于分组教学优化算法-大津法(GTO-Otsu)的图像局部阈值分割方法，实现了结构光线条与背景的有效分割；然后，构建了线性结构元素用于修复结构光线条断裂区域；最后，通过比较相邻像素点的灰度和与一阶差分值的方法提取了结构光线条中心线及特征点坐标，并建立了像素转化方法，完成特征点像素坐标的转换，实现坡口几何尺寸测量.3组施工现场钢结构焊缝坡口图像处理和识别结果表明了该方法的准确性与适用性.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to