含硫天然气再燃还原NO的化学动力学数值研究

为实现含硫天然气在锅炉燃烧及其氮氧化物减排中的应用,从化学反应动力学角度,采用软件CHEMKIN-PRO和Leeds综合机理探究了CH_4/H_2S浓度、过量空气系数和停留时间对含硫天然气还原NO的影响规律。结果表明:随着CH_4浓度的增加,NO的还原率升高;但达到一定数值后,CH4浓度不再是影响NO还原率的主导因素。H_2S浓度增加有利于降低CH_4还原NO的温度,但对NO还原有一定的削弱作用。存在最佳的过量空气系数使CH_4/H_2S还原NO效率最高,NO还原效率曲线呈单峰分布,能够为含硫天然气再燃还原氮氧化物的工业应用提供一定的参考。     

城市生活污水排水管道H2S溢出特性的研究

 为控制城市生活污水排水管道中由厌氧微生物而产生的H₂S所引起的恶臭味,应先对产生恶臭味的H₂S气体进行监测,了解污水排水系统H₂S的产生特性.对学生宿舍区、居民区和餐饮区中3个检查井的H₂S溢出浓度进行现场监测,其结果通过Boltzmann函数的拟合回归分析以及正态分布的P-P图预测,表明城市生活污水排水管道中H₂S的溢出与时间具有较大的相关性,随时间的变化符合二项式时间曲线估计的回归;其溢出浓度近似服从于正态分布;在同一天里,随着流速增加,H₂S浓度越高;不同污水中H₂S的浓度明显不同.这些特性为城市污水排水管道中所产生的H₂S而引起的恶臭味的控制与治理提供依据.     

含H2S天然气井溢流过程动态模拟

考虑H₂S在井筒中的相态变化,建立了含H₂S气井井筒动态溢流模型,同时采用有限差分法对模型进行求解,结合四川某含H₂S天然气井现场数据模拟含H₂S天然气井溢流过程,并将模拟结果与不含H₂S气井进行对比分析。研究结果表明：随着温度和压力的降低,H₂S在上部地层井段发生相变并直接引起气体体积的膨胀。含气率的突增使钻井液池增量迅速增加,且在相同的溢流时间内,关井时刻钻井液池增量增加更明显。含H₂S气井井筒内气体膨胀更迅速,导致环空压力下降更快,环空流型转化更加迅速。此外,井底压力下降更快,关井套压迅速增加,进一步加剧了溢流程度。因此,含H₂S气井井喷预警时间急剧缩短,井控难度和井喷危险大大增加。     

不同酸介质对TiO2光催化还原Cr(Ⅵ)体系的影响

 研究了不同酸介质对TiO₂光催化还原低浓度Cr(Ⅵ)体系的影响,发现在110 W紫外灯3、h照射条件下Cr(Ⅵ)质量浓度低于20μg/mL时受空白影响大.通过在无TiO₂光催化剂的空白实验,表明在HCl介质中不用考虑空白带来的影响,而H₂SO₄,HNO₃,CH₃COOH均有不可忽略的影响.     

基于TDLAS技术判定猪肉挥发性盐基氮含量

挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)含量是猪肉新鲜度检测中的一项重要指标。为了检测猪肉变质过程中挥发出的硫化氢气体(H₂S)浓度,设计了一套基于激光气体检测技术(TDLAS)的气体检测系统,同时利用国标方法测量了相同环境下TVB-N的含量,并探究了新鲜猪肉在25℃,70% 相对湿度(RH)的环境下腐败过程中TVB-N与H₂S气体浓度的变化规律以及两者间的数量关系。结果表明,新鲜猪肉在变质过程中,TVB-N含量和H₂S浓度都逐渐增加,且不同时间点所测得H₂S浓度与TVB-N含量呈直线正相关(p<0.02)。因此,在猪肉变质过程中可以用TDLAS检测H₂S的方法来间接测量TVB-N含量,从而可以快速、无损、精准得到TVB-N含量,提高了肉质检测的效率。     

南极Fildes半岛CH4浓度监测

在南极法尔兹半岛(FildesPeninsula)6个环境小区内采集了近地面气体样品,在室内分析了其中223个样品的CH4浓度,得出了这些小区内大气CH₄平均浓度;其中沿海潮间带藻类分布区、企鹅聚集区和人类活动区CH₄浓度显著高于全球CH₄平均浓度及其他无人区,表明这些区域可能是南极地区大气CH₄主要的源;而苔藓、地衣植被区CH₄浓度显著低于内陆冰盖区和全球大气CH4平均浓度,表明苔原植被区可能是南极大气CH₄重要的汇.还分析了苔藓植被区CH₄浓度的夏季变化,在夏季2个多月内该植被区CH₄浓度呈上升趋势;在相同的天气条件下,苔藓与地衣两不同植被区CH₄浓度变化趋势基本相同;但两者土壤CH₄通量存在明显的消长关系.     

电子供体在2，4，6-三氯酚和硫酸盐同时降解中的作用

在不少工业废水中,往往同时存在2,4,6-三氯酚（TCP）和硫酸盐等污染物。生物还原法是一种有效的方法,能同时去除水中的这些污染物。采用了丙酮酸（C₃H₄O₃）作为外源电子供体还原TCP和硫酸盐。当单独还原TCP或硫酸盐时,它们的还原速率随着C₃H₄O₃加入量的增加而增加。当TCP与硫酸盐共存时,加入相同量的C₃H₄O₃,由于TCP与硫酸盐还原菌对电子的竞争作用,导致它们的还原速率均有所降低。当C₃H₄O₃进一步增加时,这种对电子的竞争情况可以得到缓解。     

ANN模型对自热式固定床气化的动态过程预测

在考虑气化炉顶部温度、中部温度、底部温度、空气流速、蒸气流速、反应时间以及生物炭添加量等多参数的情况下,建立自热式固定床气化过程合成气动态神经网络模型,以实现对气化过程中的气体浓度（H₂,CH₄,CO,CO₂)动态过程预测. 采用不同策略实现对网络参数选择与模型结构优化,同时通过嵌入适当数量的随机噪声来避免模型陷入局部最优. 模型对气化过程中H₂浓度变化曲线的预测决定系数（R²）达到0.8646.     

SiW11O39Fe(Ⅲ)(H2O)5-的电化学性质及电催化还原过氧化氢

 用循环伏安和交流阻抗等方法详细研究了SiW₁₁O₃₉Fe(Ⅲ)(H₂O)^5- (SiW₁₁Fe)的电化学性质和对H₂O₂ 还原的间接电催化作用,并与PW₁₁O₃₉Fe(Ⅲ)(H₂O)_4- (PW₁₁Fe)进行了比较,同时提出了电催化反应的机理。实验结果表明,与PW₁₁Fe 类似,SiW₁₁Fe在酸性水溶液中也有3对还原氧化伏安响应,分别归属于Fe(Ⅲ)/Fe(Ⅱ)电对和W-O骨架的还原氧化反应。但SiW₁₁Fe的3对还原氧化波的峰电位与PW₁₁Fe)相比明显负移,且均受溶液pH的影响。SiW₁₁Fe中Fe(Ⅲ)/Fe(Ⅱ)电对传递电子的可逆性比PW₁₁Fe的差,但同样对H₂O₂ 的还原具有明显的电催化作用,并受溶液pH的影响。随着溶液pH的增加,Fe波和W-O骨架波的还原氧化峰电位均负移,Fe波对H₂O₂ 还原的电催化活性降低甚至被完全抑制,相反,第一个W-O骨架波对H₂O₂ 的还原却有明显的电催化作用。     

The fluid inclusions in jadeitite from Pharkant area, Myanmar

A lot of liquid-gas and liquid-gas-solid inclusions were found in Pharkant jadeitites, northwestern Myanmar and their characteristics, geological setting and porphyroclastic jadeites with inclusions in them were described in detail. The results analyzed by Raman spectrometer showed that the component of liquid-gas phase and solid phase (daughter minerals) in fluid inclusions is H₂O + CH₄ and jadeite separately. The results indicated that Pharkant jadeitites were crystallized from H₂O + CH₄ bearing jadeitic melt which may originate from mantle. The P-T conditions in which the jadeitites were crystallized were speculated to be T ＞650℃, P ＞1.5 GPa.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to