廉州湾海底及周边地貌特征

根据地貌成因形态分类原则,把廉州湾海底及周边地貌分为三类:即陆地地貌,岸滩地貌和海底地貌。并论述了侵蚀剥蚀残丘、洪积一冲积平原、冲积洪积平原、海积平原、沙坝-泻湖、海蚀崖、海蚀平台、水下三角洲、潮流冲刷槽和古滨海平原等地貌单元的形态、特征及其展布规模。阐述了沉积物粒度、碎屑置矿物、微体古生物在各种地貌单元的分布特征。     

上海市地貌类型与地貌分区

本文从沉积相分析出发,采用形态、成因、年龄和组成物质等综合标志,将上海地区地貌类型划分为三角洲平原、三角洲前缘、前三角洲、潮坪、滨海平原和湖沼平原共六大单元,以及河口砂岛、湖沼洼地等18个次一级地貌类型和数10个更小的地貌形态。并按地貌类型的组合特征,结合本区农业地貌条件利用与改造的地域差异,明显地将本区划分为河口三角洲、东部滨海平原和西部湖沼平原三个地貌区。     

上海市地貌类型与地貌分区

本文从沉积相分析出发,采用形态、成因、年龄和组成物质等综合标志,将上海地区地貌类型划分为三角洲平原、三角洲前缘、前三角洲、潮坪、滨海平原和湖沼平原共六大单元,以及河口砂岛、湖沼洼地等18个次一级地貌类型和数10个更小的地貌形态。并按地貌类型的组合特征,结合本区农业地貌条件利用与改造的地域差异,明显地将本区划分为河口三角洲、东部滨海平原和西部湖沼平原三个地貌区。     

南京市浦口区工程地质分区及其特征

南京市浦口区位于长江之北，地形呈中部高南北两侧低的形态特征，按其成因、形态及其标高等因素可分为低山-丘陵、山前堆积平原（岗地）和冲积（堆积）平原等基本类型。据根区内工程地质条件的相似性、差异性、地貌单元及地形特征地层岩性等因素，将本区划分为四个工程地质分区，八个主要工程地质层。     

海南岛地貌分区和分类

海南岛地貌单元可分为地貌区、地貌亚区、地貌形态成因类型和微地貌4级.全岛有北部台地平原区和南部山地丘陵区2个地貌区,包括14个地貌亚区.岛内均有台地、山地、阶地、丘陵以及平原,但以台地和山地为主.考虑外营力种类和作用方向以及地貌发育历史,在海南岛内可划出5种地貌成因类型:即1) 侵蚀、剥蚀构造地貌、2) 剥蚀侵蚀地貌、3)河积地貌、4)海成地貌、5)火山地貌.     

山西省多级行政单元的数字地貌分布特征

基于最新完成的中国1∶100万数字地貌数据库和山西省地图数据,利用GIS空间分析和数理统计分析方法,获得山西省多级行政单元的数字地貌类型分布特征。研究结果表明:山西省平原、台地、丘陵和山地4种地貌类型分布面积占全省总面积的比例依次是19.10%,15.77%,14.72%,50.41%;在山西省的11个地级市中,除了朔州市以平原地貌分布为主、运城市以台地地貌分布为主,其他9个城市中分布最广泛的地貌类型均是山地;在山西省的108个县中,平原作为最重要地貌类型的县有19个,台地的有17个,丘陵的有12个,山地的则有60个。     

襄樊-随州区域地貌分异及其成因分析

襄樊—随州区域经过了漫长的地质演化和多次的地质构造运动.晋宁运动(距今8.5亿年)至加里东运动(距今4.4亿年)完成了区域从海洋向陆地的演变.至燕山运动(距今1.95亿年)区内发生了强烈的褶皱和断裂,形成了武当山、桐柏山、荆山、大洪山等山脉,并在其间分布着大量的山间盆地,基本奠定了该区宏观的地貌轮廓.喜马拉雅运动期间,盆地中心下沉,边缘上升,汉水及大量的岗地平原均形成于该时期.除内力作用外,外力作用对地貌的形成也起着较大的影响,如古气候、地表组成物质和人类活动都改变着地貌形态.至今襄樊—随州区域已经构成了山地面积大、平原面积小、自西北向东南倾斜的地貌大势,并可划分为“东部低山丘陵、中部岗地平原和西部山地”三大地貌单元.     

地貌基本形态的位差分类法

针对现有地貌基本形态分类法的欠缺，本文提出了“地貌基本形态的位差分类法”，本分类法是一种以相对高度为主绝对高度为副的地貌分类法．它首先根据相对高度将地貌基本形态分平原、丘陵、低山、中山、高山等，然后再按绝对高度把这些形态再分别划分为低位、中位、高位三种类型．该地貌分类法的优点在于：①该分类法符台人们对于山地的高、中、低的观念，避免了现有地貌分类法中出现的那种与人们固有观念相冲突的高山不高、低山不低的现象；②统一了地貌基本形态的划分标准，避免了平原、丘陵按相对高度划分、山地按绝对高度划分的不一致性；③有利于地貌知识的科学普及和地貌的生产利用。     

中国近海海底地形特征及剖面类型分析

基于国家海洋局"908"专项的最新海底地形资料,分析中国近海海底地形特征及其影响因素。中国近岸海底地形继承了陆地地形西北向东南倾斜的趋势,海底地形坡降为0.2‰~1.6‰,平均坡降约0.8‰,等深线基本平行于海岸展布,河口区呈舌状向海展布。海底地形受构造控制作用明显,呈两窿两坳的南、北分带特征,并在不同沉积环境和复杂水动力条件下塑造出沉降盆地型、挤压隆起型、沉积改造型和过渡型等4种类型。沉降盆地型和挤压隆起型地形起伏小,沉积物以细粒为主,水流方向单一,易发育海湾堆积平原和水下堆积岸坡等堆积型地貌,同属构造成因的地形;沉积改造型地形起伏较大,沉积物以粗粒为主,多在陆源补给丰富的河口和潮流辐聚区发育大型潮流沙脊,全新统沉积层巨厚,受潮流、径流、海流的后期改造作用明显;过渡型地形陡缓不均,沉积物颗粒不均匀混合,近岸发育阶地状陡坎,远岸发育陆架平原等侵蚀—堆积型地貌,为断陷地块不完全发育和多期次海侵共同作用的结果。     

基于SRTM-DEM的河南省地貌特征分析与类型划分

基于美国SRTM-DEM数据,在GIS平台下,通过对SRTM-DEM数据的前处理,制作了河南省数字高程模型(90 m×90 m).基于数字高程模型,提取了河南省地貌的坡度、坡向、地形起伏度等特征要素信息,并对河南省地貌形态进行统计分析以获取定量的认识.基于最新的中国基本地貌类型划分标准,将河南省按地貌划分为低海拔平原、...     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.