上海地区杨小舟蛾生物学特性及其防治

2003～2004年研究了上海地区为害杨树的杨小舟蛾的生物学特性，该虫1年发生5代，以蛹越冬，1，2，3，4龄幼虫头壳宽度分别为（0．08±0．02）mm，（0．14±0．13）mm，（0．17±0．01）mm，（0．26±0．02）mm．雌雄性比1：1．32．初孵幼虫耐饥力平均为（1．50±0．80）d．在室外喷雾2000倍20％杀灭菊脂、3000倍30％乙酰甲胺磷、1000倍25％灭幼脲三号和6000倍1％阿维菌素7d后的校正死亡率分别在91．24％，91．78％，82．30％，81．87％．     

上海地区淡剑夜蛾发生规律及其防治

淡剑夜蛾一年发生4—5代，以老龄幼虫在草坪根部表面层越冬．1龄、2龄、3龄、4龄、5龄、6龄幼虫头壳宽分别为0．33±0．13mm，0．60±0．07mm，0．93±0．10mm，1．28±0．20mm，1．66±0．10mm，1．92±0．13mm．幼虫期总食叶量为52．17cm^2．雌雄性比1：1．24．在室外喷雾2000倍20％杀灭菊脂、2000倍20％米满、4000倍20％除虫脲、2000倍10％除尽、4000倍5％氯氰菊酯、1000倍25％灭幼脲三号和6000倍1％阿维菌素7d后的校正死亡率分别在85．60％-96．20％．     

新型双抗虫基因植物表达载体的构建及其在转基因烟草中的表达

用一个合成的编码完全活化的苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bt)Cry1Ac的嵌合蛋白基因BtS29K与慈菇蛋白酶抑制剂A和B的融合蛋白基因API-BA构建了双抗虫基因植物表达载体pBS29K-BA.通过农杆菌介导法将该双抗虫基因转入烟草,获得了一批可同时表达两个抗虫蛋白的转基因植株.Western blot分析结果表明Cry1Ac和API-BA蛋白的表达量分别达到3.2μg/g鲜叶重和4.9μg/g鲜叶重.用棉铃虫进行的杀虫试验表明,在中～高抗虫(70%以上的昆虫死亡率)植株中,表达双抗虫基因的植株百分数较仅表达Bt基因的高10%,比仅表达API-BA的高25%.证明用完全活化的Bt蛋白编码序列与蛋白酶抑制剂基因构建双抗虫基因表达载体可以确保两个基因抗虫功能的充分发挥.     

转基因小麦环境释放中基因漂移研究

基因漂移供体是转基因小麦，受体有转基因小麦的非转基因分离体、受体对照品系和地方小麦品种，以外源uidA基因表达作为基因漂移的分子标记，在供体开花期间，距供体5个不同距离上收集花粉，约80％的花粉分布在距供体中心15m以内，距离35m处只检测到约6％的花粉，在11个检测样点检测受体和供体间杂交率，供体与分离体混种同一小区时，基因漂移频率较高(1．08％)；与其受体对照播种于相邻小区(相距约0．5m)时，基因漂移频率居中(0．63％)；地方品种距供体边缘0．5～2．5m处，频率较低(0．25％)；3m以外没有检测到基因漂移，认为转基因小麦基因漂移距离应在3m以内。     

转Bt+CpTI基因抗虫棉品种SGK321性状分析和种质利用

SGK321是以"石远321"为受体,导入Bt CpTI双价抗虫基因后育成的抗虫棉品种。SGK321霜前皮棉产量水平高于常规对照品种,接近杂交对照品种。其早熟性较好,生育期短于对照品种,霜前花率高于对照品种,第一果枝节位适中。抗虫性明显优于一般Bt抗虫棉,三代棉铃虫3龄以上幼虫存活率和幼虫株率与对照相比明显下降;用SGK321棉叶饲养棉铃虫,5龄以下幼虫不能化蛹和羽化;对抗性棉铃虫具有较强的抗虫性,尤其是对大龄幼虫的正常生育阻碍作用明显,对幼虫致死快,致死率高;还可延缓棉铃虫抗性的产生。稳产适应性较好、抗逆性强。具有丰富的遗传基础,一般配合力和特殊配合力较高,2001-2006年6年间作为种质资源被中国众多育种机构利用,已培育出72个双价抗虫棉品种(系),其中24个品种通过国家及省级审定,18个品系参加了各级试验;育成抗虫、抗病、大铃、高衣分、优质等不同类型种质材料237份。对中国棉花生产与品种改良产生了重要影响。     

树干注射技术防治芳香木蠹蛾的试验--不同药液浓度对相同树龄的影响

为了有效防治芳香木蠹蛾，将40％氧化乐果乳油稀释成不同浓度后进行树干注射，对芳香木蠹蛾进行防治试验。与对照组相比较，不同浓度药液的防治效果存在显差异．并且在植株耐药范围内，在每次注射药量一定的前提下，随着药液浓度的增加，幼虫死亡率上升，药效期延长，防治效果更为显。     

转基因抗虫水稻MSA4大米对大鼠脏器系数、血常规与血生化的影响

以转cry1Ac/sck双价基因抗虫稻MSA4大米为材料,探讨转基因抗虫水稻MSA4大米的食品安全性。实验按体重设4.64 g/kg、10 g/kg与21.5 g/kg三个剂量组,进行了大鼠30 d喂养试验,检测转基因大米对大鼠表观体症、脏器系数、血常规与血生化指标值的影响。结果显示转cry1Ac/sck双价基因抗虫稻MSA4大米各剂量组喂养大鼠,大鼠的行为、呼吸、毛色均正常,除高剂量组雌鼠的甘油三酯值极显著低于对照外,肝、脾、肾等重要脏器系数、21项血常规参数与其余血生化指标值与对照组均无显著差异。初步表明转cry1Ac/sck双价基因抗虫稻MSA4大米对大鼠表观体症、脏器系数、血常规与血生化无明显不良影响。     

转GNA+SBTi双价基因抗虫水稻的遗传分析及抗虫性研究

研究了转GNA SBTi双价基因籼稻的遗传规律及对褐飞虱和稻纵卷叶螟的抗虫实验。分子检测结果表明：外源基因在R2代株系中发生了分离，部分株系分离符合3：1或15：1的盂德尔遗传规律，但也有分离比为1：1及其它不正常分离的株系存在。对这些株系的特别追踪发现这几种分离式样在R3代中出现交叉，对R2和R3代转基因植株进行抗虫实验，结果表明分别有83.3%和76.9%的株系对褐飞虱的抗性较原种对照均有了显的提高，78.6%的R2代株系对稻纵卷叶螟的抗性比原种对照的抗性强，且大部分R3代株系继续保持良好的抗稻纵卷叶螟的性质，获得了9个分子检测阳性率高且对褐飞虱和稻纵卷叶螟抗性增强的水稻株系。     

白蛾黑基啮小蜂寄主接受行为的研究

白蛾黑基啮小蜂(Tetrastichus nigricoxae Yang)在徐州地区主要寄生杨小舟蛾(Micromelalopha troglodyta)蛹。在小环境中,它搜寻寄主蛹平均耗时(93.12±66.53)s。搜寻到寄主后,多数小蜂从寄主蛹腹部爬上蛹体并产卵,只有少数小蜂在蛹的头部和胸部爬上寄主蛹并产卵。1~3 d龄小蜂寄生能力无差异,其寄生率均为100%,4 d龄小蜂寄生能力开始显著下降,5 d龄的寄生率已降至20%。白蛾黑基啮小蜂能寄生杨小舟蛾老熟幼虫、预蛹、1~5 d龄蛹,不能寄生6 d龄蛹。1 d龄杨小舟蛾蛹被寄生率最高,达(92.59±12.83)%,随着蛹龄的增长,小蜂对寄主蛹的寄生能力逐渐下降。在增加寄主蛹密度的情况下,小蜂的寄生能力并不能显著提高。随着雌蜂密度的增加,寄主蛹的被寄生率和每头寄主子代出蜂量也相应提高,当蛹蜂比为1∶5时开始出现过寄生现象,并随着雌蜂数量的增加,过寄生现象呈上升趋势。速冻蛹(蛹动)对白蛾黑基啮小蜂接受寄主的影响不大。     

BC2001生防菌对南方根结线虫生防机理的初探

研究了BC2001生防菌对南方根结线虫卵和卵囊孵化影响,及对南方根结线虫二龄幼虫的影响。结果表明BC2001对线虫分散卵的相对抑制率达87．3％、对卵囊的相对抑制率达40．50％,而对二龄幼虫的校正死亡率达92％;从显微结构上看,BC2001对卵和二龄幼虫的抑杀作用主要是通过菌体附着,引起卵和虫体内物质泡化聚集,最终消解。在人工接种条件下,BC2001菌在大田防治中对根结线虫虫口基数的相对抑制率达57．8％。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.