固体聚合物电解池膜电极优化研究

采用催化剂直接涂膜(CCM)方法制备膜电极(MEA),研究阴极和阳极催化层中使用不同催化剂活性组分担载量对膜电极性能的影响。采用电化学阻抗谱(EIS)分析MEA的电化学特性。研究结果表明:阳极催化层中,随着Ir担载量的增加,在相同电流密度条件下,电解池的极化电压下降,当Ir担载量增加到2.5 mg/cm~2以上,极化电压趋于稳定;阴极催化层中,随着Pt担载量的增加,在相同电流密度条件下,电解池的极化电压下降,当Pt担载量增加到0.5 mg/cm~2以上,极化电压下降不明显,趋于稳定。随着电极催化层活性组分担载量的增加,MEA的欧姆阻抗R?和电荷传递阻抗RCT的减小。对于阴极催化层,当Pt/C催化层的催化剂担载量过多时,由于传质和电荷传递阻力显著增加,导致MEA的R?和RCT增大。阳极催化层Ir的最佳担载量为2.5 mg/cm~2,阴极催化层Pt的最佳担载量为0.5 mg/cm~2。     

质子交换膜燃料电池电催化剂研究

阻碍PEMFC商业高.提高催化剂的利用率不仅与催化剂的类型有关,电极制备工艺的优劣也对此有较大影响.高性能电催化剂的研究成果在推动了质子交换膜燃料电池快速发展的同时,对优化电极制备工艺也很有现实意义.本文对目前质子交换膜燃料电池的电催化剂和MEA制备技术的最新研究工作进行了分析评述.     

纳米复合Li2SO4质子传导膜H2S中温燃料电池

开发了一种制备纳米复合Li_2SO_4质子传导电解质和膜电极组装(MEA)的工艺.与传统的丝网涂布工艺不同,新的制备工艺是将阳极、阴极催化剂与纳米复合电解质同时一次压制成MEA.这就使得MEA的设计具有某些结构上的特点,由于膜厚减少和电极与电解质之间的接触良好,可以降低电解质与电极之间的欧姆电阻,提高其机械和导电性能,增加膜的质子传导性以及改善电池的性能.用电子扫描电镜(SEM)和电化学阻抗分析技术对电解质薄膜进行了表征,结果表明,纳米复合材料改善了MEA的总体性能.由于膜的致密性和不透气性,不会发生气体穿透过膜的现象.MEA在H_2S环境中很稳定.电池结构为H_2S,(MoS_2/NiS Ag 电解质量 淀粉) /Li_2SO_4 Al_2O_3/(NiO Ag 电解质量 淀粉),空气、MEA厚为0.8mm、电解质组成为65% Li_2SO_4 35% Al_2O_3的单电池在680℃时产生最大功率密度为130mW/cm~2,相应的电流密度为200mW/cm~2.     

Pt含量对燃料电池膜电极组件结构及性能的影响

本文基于Catalyst Coated Membrane（CCM）技术,采用70%Pt/C催化剂制备质子交换膜燃料电池（PEMFC）的核心部件膜电极组件（Membrane electrolyte assembly,MEA）。考察了电池的放电性能,并利用循环伏安（CV）、电化学阻抗谱（EIS）、扫描电镜（SEM）等技术对电池的电化学性能进行了表征。研究表明采用质量分数为70%的Pt/C催化剂与Nafion的最佳质量比例为6：1,MEAΩ在600mA/cm~2电流密度下,电压能达到0.69V,催化层的厚度显著降低,性能也明显优于40%Pt/C催化剂制备的MEA。     

用EIS研究PEMFC膜电极的运行条件对其性能的影响

在质子交换膜燃料电池（PEMFC）中，采用电化学阻抗谱（EIS）研究了膜电极（MEA）的一些运行条件对其工作性能的影响，并探讨了其作用机理．通过测量数据的解析和等效电路的数学模拟，得到了与MEA结构关联的电极诸参数随电池温度和反应气体压力的变化规律．研究表明，MEA的氧电极的电化学反应电阻随电池温度的升高显著减小，氧电极的双电层电容随电池温度的升高有所增加，表明电极有效面积得以增加，有利于MEA工作性能的提高．     

制备条件对卟啉钴氧还原催化性能的影响

采用合成后未经提纯的粗卟啉、Co(OH)2和碳粉制备卟啉钴用于质子交换膜燃料电池阴极氧还原反应电催化剂.研究了试样组成和热处理温度等制备条件对催化性能的影响.采用薄层电极结合循环伏安法和单体燃料电池I V特性评价了所制备的电催化剂对氧还原反应的催化活性.     

膜电极热压条件对直接甲醇燃料电池性能影响的研究

该研究以Nafion 115为质子交换膜,利用热压法制备膜电极（MEA）,对直接甲醇燃料电池进行了性能测试。实验结果表明,不同的热压温度及压力下制备的膜电极在单电池性能测试中表现出不同的极化曲线性能,优化膜电极制备温度及压力可有效地改善直接甲醇燃料电池的性能。     

基于钛网基膜电极组件的被动式直接甲醇燃料电池

基于钛网基膜电极组件（membrane electrode assembly,MEA）设计并制作被动式直接甲醇燃料电池（directmethanol fuel cell,DMFC）．钛网基MEA以钛金属网作为电极支撑体基底材料,Nafionll7作为质子交换膜．PtRU／XC-72R作为阳极催化剂,Pt／XC-72R作为阴极催化剂．被动式DMFC壳体采用有机玻璃材料制作．密封元件采用硅胶片制作．紧固件选用标准件．在室温空气自呼吸条件下,选取不同甲醇浓度的电解液．测试了基于钛网基MEA的被动式DMFC极化性能．结果表明：当电解液中甲醇浓度从0．5mol／L经过1．0mol／L增大到1．5mol／L时．基于钛网基MEA的被动式DMFC的功率密度峰值呈现先增大、后减小的规律;当甲醇浓度为1．0mol／L。电池功率密度峰值为3．91mW/cm2．     

异型Ti电极直接乙醇燃料电池的制备与性能

采用Pt/C作为阴极催化剂,PtRu/C作为阳极催化剂,Nafion115和Nafion液涂覆膜作为质子交换膜,管状Ti丝(管)和平板式Ti网作为制备异型直接乙醇燃料电池的阴极和阳极的载体材料,制备管状阴极和平板阳极.观察了异型阴极和阳极的组织和结构,并通过单电池试验,研究了异型电极对直接乙醇燃料电池(DEFCs)性能的影响.结果表明,管状阴极涂覆的Nafion膜均匀一致,阳极催化剂与Ti网的结合能力较强,较高的O2流量有利于提高DEFCs单电池的性能,当膜载量达到25.0 mg/cm2以上时,会提高DEFCs单电池阻抗,当膜载量小于20.2 mg/cm2时,电池的使用寿命大大降低.     

涂覆法制备TiO2薄膜光电极及催化性能研究

用涂覆法制备了TiO2薄膜光电极，并对其进行了XRD和SEM的表征。以该电极为工作电极，铜片为电极，饱和甘汞电极为参比电极，建立了三电极光电催化体系，研究了此TiO2薄膜的光电催化性能以及外加偏压对反应速率的影响。结果表明：利用涂敷法制备TiO2薄膜电极是一种较好的方法；外加偏压可抑制光生电子－空穴的复合，提高苯酚的光催化效率；外加阳极偏压的光学催化速率优于外加阴极偏压的速率；在一定范围内，外加阴极偏压越大，苯酚的降解速率越快。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Features of Women''s language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

英文诗歌中的喻类修辞

为了有助于提高英文爱好者的个人情操、文化素养和学习兴趣,以及专业人员对英语学习和研究进行多途径的探索,本文通过一些精选诗歌的引证和分析,着重论述了喻类修辞法在英文诗歌中的运用其及效果。     

Man Is Unable to Change the Miserable Life——Analysis of the Arrangement of Four Characters in The Glass Menagerie

Tennessee Williams is considered as one of the most important American playwrights since World War II.The Glass Menagerie is his first successful drama,which describes a tragic situation of family and means to say that Man is unable to change the miserable life,no matter whatever means he try,This essay focuses on the analysis of the arrangement of the four main characters:Laura.Amanda,Jim and Tom to reveal the theme.Laura is fragile.Amanda is brave.Jim is vital.Tom is sensible.And all of them develop and try the different means to struggle against life,but fail tragically.With the evidence,the paper comes to conclusion naturally that Man is unable to change the miserable life,and he dooms to fail.     

Characterization of root-nodulating bacteria on Retama raetam in arid Tunisian soils

The aim of this study is to investigate the diversity of Retama raetam root-nodule bacteria isolated from arid regions of Tunisia. Twelve isolates, chosen as representative for different 16S rRNA gene patterns, were characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phenotypic analysis. Isolates were assigned to Sinorhizobium, Rhizobium and Agrobacterium. Symbiotic properties of Sinorhizobium and Rhizobium isolates showed a large diversity in their capacity to infect their host plant and fix atmospheric nitrogen. Strain RK 22 identified as Rhizobium was the most effective isolate.     

An Affordable Accurate Evaluation of the Binding Conformations Predicted by Molecular Docking Studies in Bio-System

正Recently,docking has been widely used to predict the binding-modes of protein-inhibitors,when the crystal complexes structure was absent.Most docking algorithms are able to generate a large number of probable conformations,it,however,is difficult to effectively evaluate these docking poses and identify the most reasonable bindingmode.In the present study,on the basis of the crystallographic data of human 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme