二氧化硅／有机蒙脱土复合超疏水涂层的制备及其性能研究

将全氟辛基三乙氧基硅烷（FAs）改性的二氧化硅颗粒与有机蒙脱土（OMMT）混合制成溶胶,采用浸渍提拉法制备具备超疏水性能的复合涂层,研究了二氧化硅／OMMT不同配比对涂层疏水性能的影响。结果表明,复合涂层的静态接触角随二氧化硅／OMMT质量比的增加而增大,滚动角随二氧化硅／OMMT质量比的增加而减小。通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察涂层表面微观结构,发现超疏水涂层表面具有微纳米复合结构,结合FAS改性二氧化硅的低表面能,赋予了复合涂层优良的超疏水性能。     

微弧氧化法制备镁基羟基磷灰石/碳纳米管复合生物涂层及其性能研究

 通过化学沉淀法制备了羟基磷灰石/碳纳米管纳米(HA/CNTs)复合粉体,并作为电解液的添加剂,采用微弧氧化方法(MAO)制备了镁合金表面MAO/HA/CNTs 复合活性涂层。分别采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X 射线衍射分析(XRD)、傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)和电化学工作站,研究所制备的复合粉体的形貌和物相组成、复合粉体对微弧氧化涂层表面形貌和在模拟体液(SBF)中耐腐蚀性能和生物活性的影响。结果表明,所制备的HA/CNTs 复合粉体结晶良好,无其他杂质相;复合粉体在微弧氧化过程中沉积在样品表面,对微弧氧化涂层起到封孔作用。MAO/HA/CNTs 样品的腐蚀电位为-1.50 V,经过30 天的SBF 浸泡后,表面沉积了大量的亚微米级别的颗粒沉积物,相比于镁基体和MAO 样品具有更好的生物活性和耐腐蚀性。     

室温下TC11钛合金准静态拉伸力学性能实验研究

针对典型航空材料TC11钛合金的拉伸性能,采用准静态拉伸实验对不同应变率条件下的TC11钛合金的应力-应变关系进行了研究,利用扫描电镜分析了其拉伸断口形貌。实验结果表明:TC11钛合金具有一定的应变率敏感性,抗拉强度和屈服强度均会受到应变率的影响;准静态拉伸时TC11钛合金试样出现了颈缩现象,试样截面形状为杯锥状,试样断口存在光滑的剪切唇区和灰色的纤维区,其断裂属于韧性断裂,但是其韧性较差;TC11钛合金拉伸断口形貌主要为大小不一的韧窝,随着应变率的增大,试样拉伸断口韧窝的大小和深度均变小,同时出现了少量的撕裂棱和准解理面,试样的断裂机制为以韧性断裂为主和伴有准解理断裂。因此,在准静态拉伸条件下,TC11钛合金的力学行为与应变率有关。     

Effects of normal stress,surface roughness,and initial grain size on the microstructure of copper subjected to platen friction sliding deformation

The effects of applied normal stress, surface roughness, and initial grain size on the microstructure of pure Cu developed during platen friction sliding deformation (PFSD) processing were investigated. In each case, the deformation microstructure was characterized and the hardness of the treated surface layer was measured to evaluate its strength. The results indicated that the thickness of the deformed layer and the hardness at any depth increased with increasing normal stress. A smaller steel platen surface roughness resulted in less microstructural refinement, whereas the microstructural refinement was enhanced by decreasing the surface roughness of the Cu sample. In the case of a very large initial grain size (d > 10 mm), a sharper transition from fine-grain microstructure to undeformed material was obtained in the treated surface layer after PFSD processing.     

多元共渗处理对30Cr2MoV钢性能的影响

采用多元共渗的方法,分别在570℃,2 h,590℃,2 h,610℃,2 h的条件下对经过调质处理的30Cr2MoV钢进行多元共渗处理。通过金相分析、硬度测试、拉伸试验和腐蚀试验的方法测试分析了处理后样品的表面形貌、硬度分布、力学性能和抗蚀性。结果表明：经多元共渗处理后,材料的表面硬度,强度和抗蚀性均得到不同程度的提高,特别是经过590℃,2 h共渗处理后的样品综合性能最好。     

微细铣削加工表面形貌的分形特征

微细铣削加工表面形貌特征的评价与表征对微细切削加工表面的形成机理、加工表面的形成与工艺参数之间的关系等的研究有重要意义。应用分形几何理论,采用盒计数法对微细铣削加工表面形貌进行研究。结果表明:微细铣削表面具有明显的分形特征,其盒计数维数在1.32～1.42之间,说明其加工表面形貌比较复杂,同时证明加工表面轮廓的分形维数D与表面粗糙度Ra没有相关性,进而可以从分形维数D与表面粗糙度Ra两方面对微细铣削加工表面形貌特征进行综合评价。     

纳米磷灰石微晶对牙釉质脱矿的影响

目的：研究纳米磷灰石微晶对牙釉质脱矿的影响。方法：采用pH循环法模拟口腔环境进行脱矿，测定酸液中的钙离子浓度，对样本进行微光共聚焦（Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy,LSCM)扫描，并进行图象分析，结果在纳米钇磷灰石（纳米钇HA）的酸液中钙离子含量与对照组有明显的差异，且高于纳米羟磷灰石（纳米HA）和普通羟磷灰石（HA）；而纳米HA和HA与对照组无差异。LSCM图象分析显示，纳米钇HA牙釉质脱矿程度大于对照组，而纳米HA和HA脱矿程度小于对照组，其大小依次为：纳米钇HA，纳米HA和HA。结论：纳米HA和普通HA有明显的防龋效果，而用纳米钇HA处理牙表面后，能大大地增加其表面活性，使牙体的耐酸性降低，钙磷易从牙体表面析出而脱矿。     

Microstructures and impact toughness behavior of Al 5083 alloy processed by cryorolling and afterwards annealing

The influence of rolling at liquid nitrogen temperature and annealing on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al 5083 alloy was studied in this paper. Cryorolled samples of Al 5083 show significant improvements in strength and hardness. The ultimate tensile strength increases up to 340 MPa and 390 MPa for the 30% and 50% cryorolled samples, respectively. The cryorolled samples, with 30% and 50% reduction, were subjected to Charpy impact testing at various temperatures from ?190℃ to 100℃. It is observed that increasing the percentage of reduction of samples during cryorolling has significant effect on decreasing impact toughness at all temperatures by increasing yield strength and decreasing ductility. Annealing of samples after cryorolling shows remarkable increment in impact toughness through recovery and recrystallization. The average grain size of the 50% cryorolled sample (14 μm) after annealing at 350℃ for 1 h is found to be finer than that of the 30% cryorolled sample (25 μm). The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of fractured surfaces shows a large-size dimpled morphology, resembling the ductile fracture mechanism in the starting material and fibrous structure with very fine dimples in cryorolled samples corresponding to the brittle fracture mechanism.     

纯铜梯度纳米化表面硬质膜的微观结构演化与力学性能研究

利用磁控溅射法在纯铜的表面沉积TiN硬质膜,然后对镀膜后的试样进行表面机械滚压处理（surface mechanical rolling treatment, SMRT）,在其表层形成梯度纳米结构层。采用金相显微镜（optical microscopy, OM） 、扫描电子显微镜（scanning electron microscope, SEM）等对试样的表面形貌和显微结构进行表征,研究梯度纳米结构层的强化方式和组织演化规律。通过改变SMRT工艺的参数,在试样的表面制备出不同厚度的梯度纳米结构层。研究发现：随着下压量的增加,表面的梯度纳米层随之变厚,硬质膜颗粒与纯铜基体的结合更紧密;表面梯度纳米化影响了硬质膜的组织结构;颗粒被碾入纯铜表层中,提高了试样的综合力学性能,屈服强度最高增加了73%,同时其塑性降低很少;试样表面的硬度最大可以达到约1.6 GPa,并且沿厚度方向从表层到芯部的硬度呈梯度分布。     

纳米Ca2B6O11的制备及摩擦学性能

采用中和沉淀法合成了球型、粒径分布均匀的纳米硼酸钙润滑油添加剂,利用XRD、SEM对其结构组成和表面形貌进行了表征。将添加剂样品均匀分散在润滑油中得到成品油,静置观察考查了润滑油的分散性和稳定性。利用重负荷车辆与工业齿轮油中试验检验了润滑油的的润滑性能。结果表明,纳米硼酸钙添加剂具有良好的分散性、稳定性和抗磨减摩性能。     

具有微纳结构的FeS_2的制备及其储锂性能研究

金属硫化物具有较大的理论容量,有望成为下一代的锂电池负极材料,但是充放电过程中材料发生严重的膨胀/收缩、晶体粉化,使得材料的比容量迅速衰减.本文以铁醇盐为原料制备具有花状微纳结构的FeS_2,以达到抑制材料粉化效果.结果显示,300℃热处理得到的FeS_2样品能够充分保持中间体铁醇盐的花状微纳结构,结晶度高.450℃处理得到的样品表面为多孔状结构,而800℃处理未得到目标产物,样品分子式是Fe_9S_(10).电化学测试结果表明:300℃所得产物具有1 484.3mA·h/g的放电比容量,高于450℃的产物(1 326.7mA·h/g);在电流密度为200mA/g条件下,100次充放电循环后,300℃所得产物的放电比容量为480.8mA·h/g,远高于450℃所得产物的放电比容量(215.8mA·h/g).研究结果表明具有花状微纳结构对材料的粉化现象有较好的抑制作用.     

纳米MoS2含量对纳米微量润滑磨削CFRPs的影响

为了研究磨削碳纤维复合材料(CFRPs)时,纳米二硫化钼(MoS₂)含量对纳米微量润滑效果的影响,制备了不同质量分数(0%,3%,6%,9%,12%)的纳米MoS₂和棕榈油混合液,作为纳米微量润滑油液,对碳纤维复合材料进行磨削加工.使用光学显微镜,观测分析碳纤维复合材料的表面粗糙度、表面形貌.使用测力仪对磨削力进行测量,并通过磨削力计算出磨削力比.最后对纳米(MoS₂)在纳米微量润滑磨削过程中的作用机理进行了阐述.结果表明,当纳米(MoS₂)质量分数为9%时磨削力比最低,为0.0632,表面粗糙度R_○a值最小,为1.86μm,且表面碳纤维损伤最小.     

316奥氏体不锈钢渗N/镀CrN复合改性层组织与性能

分别在400、440、480 ℃下对316奥氏体不锈钢进行12 h的渗氮处理,再对渗氮后的试样进行物理气相沉积(PVD)镀CrN薄膜.采用扫描电镜(SEM)、光学显微镜(OM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、维氏显微硬度计和材料表面综合测试仪(HSR-2M)、电化学工作站等对复合改性层的表面形貌、截面形貌、成分、显微硬度、耐磨性以及耐蚀性进行测试.结果表明:400 ℃离子渗N/镀CrN试样耐磨性最差,耐蚀性最好;而480 ℃离子渗N/镀CrN试样耐磨性最好,耐蚀性最差;但比相同温度下单独渗氮试样的综合性能好.     

中碳高硅铸钢的复合热处理工艺

研究了成分(wt.%)为0.62C,2.0Si,1.6Mn,0.99Cr的高硅铸钢经过复合热处理(球化退火+等温淬火)的组织和力学性能.利用olympus金相电子显微镜观察组织、扫描电子显微镜分析冲击断口形貌;测试了实验钢的洛氏硬度和冲击韧性.实验结果表明,试样经过球化退火工艺之后硬度变化的幅度不大,而冲击韧性有明显地提高,试样的组织主要为下贝氏体组织,并含有少量的奥氏体.在相同的球化退火工艺下,320℃等温淬火60min,试样的硬度和冲击韧性值都较高.     

基于3D技术的金属结构件断口形貌重建方法

针对利用扫描电子显微镜观察失效断口无法掌握宏观立体位置的问题，借助超景深数码显微镜和3D打印等多种3D技术提出解决方案。首先利用3D技术对断口进行成像，建立断口的3D立体形貌；然后利用计算机辅助技术建立断口的三维实体模型；最后借助该模型辅助扫描电子显微镜的断口显微观察。结果表明，3D技术可以很好地应用于金属结构件失效分析领域。     

Effects of size reduction on deformation,microstructure, and surface roughness of micro components for micro metal injection molding

The fabrication of 17-4PH micro spool mandrils by micro metal injection molding was described here. The effects of size reduction on deformation, microstructure and surface roughness were studied by comparing a φ500 μm micro post and a φ1.7 mm cylinder after debinding and sintering. Experimental results show that slumping of the micro posts occurred due to a dramatic increase in outlet vapor pressure initiated at the thermal degradation onset temperature and the moment of gravity. Asymmetrical stress distribution within the micro component formed during the cooling stage may cause warping. Prior solvent debinding and adjustment in a thermal debinding scheme were useful for preventing the deformation of the micro components. Smaller grain size and higher micro hardness due to impeded grain growth were observed for the micro posts compared with the φ1.7 mm cylinder. Surface roughness increased with distance from the gate of the micro spool mandril due to melt front advancement during mold filling and the ensuing pressure distribution. At each position, surface roughness was dictated by injection molding and increased slightly after sintering.     

纳米多晶强化K4169合金的组织和力学性能

采用手工电弧炉熔炼、水冷铜模冷却制备了K4169合金.利用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、透射电镜等对铸态及标准热处理态合金的组织进行了研究,并对标准热处理态合金的力学性能进行了测试.结果表明:铸态K4169合金为非晶-纳米晶材料,晶内析出相非常细小,小于10 nm;合金经标准热处理后,γ″相和γ′相以纳米多晶的形式析出;由于纳米多晶的强化作用,合金的断裂强度σ_b达到了1 203.91 MPa,屈服强度σ_0.2为818.93MPa,延伸率δ为16.8 %,硬度则达到了112.4 HRB,合金拉伸断口特征符合韧性断裂机制.     

增强广谱吸收硅表面

为增强黑硅的广谱吸收性能,在氢氧化钠/异丙醇(NaOH/IPA)体系下对单晶硅进行金字塔表面织构的基础上,采用金纳米粒子辅助湿法化学方法做了进一步刻蚀.利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和紫外—可见—近红外分光光度计对表面形貌和反射光谱进行了表征与测量.结果表明:增强广谱吸收硅表面具有纳米/微米双尺寸陷光结构,在350~2 500nm波段平均反射率低于5.5%.     

Effect of sintering on the optical properties of SiO2 colloidal crystal multilayers

High-quality SiO2 colloidal crystal multilayers were fabricated from ethanol solutions by the vertical deposition method and the effect of sintering on the optical properties of the samples was investigated. Optical properties,which are determined by the photonic band structure, weres tudied by means of light transmission and reflection measurements. The morphology of the samples was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). SEM images illustrate the ordered close package of the spherical colloids in planes parallel to the substrate surface. In addition, the sampie is crackless as a result of an appropriate drying rate. It is shown that with the increase of the sintering final temperature, though the depth and the width of the peak of Bragg diffraction of the sample vary vastly, the peak produces few blue shifts. Optical measurement results were compared favorably to the microstructural properties of the colloidal crystal multilayers.     

Analysis of surface orange peel of aluminum alloy automobile sheet by using of EBSD and X ray diffraction

The formation cause of orange peel of aluminum-alloy automotive sheet after tensile deformation was analysed by using X-ray diffraction and electron back-scattered diffraction(EBSD).The test results showed that formation cause of surface orange peel after tensile deformation related to product texture and nonuniform deformation during the tensile process.The grain size has significant effect on deformation uniform and texture formation.Coarse grains were easy to produce nonuniform deformation and texture,which would produce surface orange peel after tensile deformation.