高岭土碳热还原氮化制备Sialon粉末的反应过程研究

以高岭土为原料，采用碳热还原氮化法合成了Sialon粉末．通过对产物物相组成分析，探讨了合成Sialon粉末的反应过程，并对可能发生的不利于Sialon粉末合成的部分反应进行了热力学分析．研究表明：反应条件对产物组成有显著影响．氮气流量小，产物中有SiC生成；反应温度低、时间短将有莫来石相存在；温度过高或时间太长则产生A1N多型体和Si3N4相；只有足够的氮气流量、适宜的温度和反应时间才有利于Sialon的合成．     

在管式炉中生物质热解的机理

介绍了在管式热解炉中生物质的热解过程．以稻壳为原料，探索生物质在管式热解炉中的反应特性．三种产物(气体、焦油和木炭)单独收集并进行了分析．研究分析了反应温度对热解产物的影响，发现产气中氢气的百分含量随着热解温度的提高明显增加，二氧化碳的百分含量则随着温度的提高而减少．     

Bola型硫酸酯表面活性剂的合成

以聚丙二醇（PPG）为原料，经氯磺酸磺化，再用氢氧化钠中和，得到Bola型阴离子表面活性剂聚丙二醇二硫酸盐．考察了反应物物质的量比、反应温度、反应时间等对转化率及产物的影响．确定了最佳反应条件为：n（HSO3Cl）：n（PPG）=2．04：1，反应温度30℃，反应时间2．25h（其中滴液时间1．5h）；中和反应的温度为50℃．在此反应条件下，醇转化率为94．60%，Bola型硫酸酯质量分数为82．35％．用IR、MS对此表面活性剂结构进行了表征，并测定了此表面活性剂水溶液的临界胶柬浓度ccmc．     

甲基丙烯酸甲酯与琼脂糖的接枝反应及其共聚物的研究

本文研究硝酸铈铵作引发剂，甲基丙烯酸甲酯与琼脂糖的接枝共聚反应．考察了引发剂浓度、单体浓度、反应温度、反应时间及加料顺序对转化率，接技效率等的影响．红外光谱及热分析结果表明，所得产物为接枝共聚物．共聚物的玻璃化转变温度随接枝百分率的增加而降低，接枝共聚物可溶解于部分有机溶剂剂，并具有良好的热压成型性质．     

甲醇液相氧化羰基合成碳酸二甲酯研究

研究了不同反应条件下甲醇液相氧化羰基合成碳酸二甲酯（ＤＭＣ）工艺条件，使用ＣｕＣｌ催化剂时，在１１０℃及１．０～１．５ＭＰａ压力下，甲醇转化率为５．９％，甲醇对ＤＭＣ选择性大于９９％．还研究了反应温度、压力、化学组分等因素对合成反应转化率及收率的影响．提高温度和压力能提高转化率及收率．对反应产物进行了ＧＣ，ＮＭＲ及ＩＲ分析．结果表明，产物中ＤＭＣ为主要成分，副产物为少量ＣＯ２及其他烃类副产物，其总量小于５％．使用后的催化剂经ＸＲＤ分析表明，氯化亚铜生成氯化铜（Ⅱ）和氢氧化铜（Ⅱ）是失活的原因之一．     

秸秆纤维的催化液化及其产物的初步研究

对植物秸秆纤维在浓硫酸／苯酚为催化剂、乙二醇为反应介质的液化反应进行了研究，对其各反应物的甩量比例、反应条件进行优化．并且对最优条件下的液化产物进行了初步的组分测定,实验结果表明，植物秸秆在浓硫酸／苯酚(浓硫酸占所加物质总量的质量分数为6％)混合催化体系中，当温度为160℃，时间为70min时的液化效果最好．经凝胶色谱法测定表明，以浓硫酸／苯酚为催化剂、乙二醇为反应介质的反应体系，所得到产物的平均相对分子质量最低，Mw为806，Mn为799．经红外光谱(IR)检测结果表明，液化产物的游离羟基明显增多，其它游离端基也是明显增加，这说明液化反应破坏了植物秸杆纤维的晶格结构，而且部分水解了糖苷键．     

纳米硒的制备及表征

报道了一种用阿拉伯胶作为分散体系制备纳米硒的方法，研究了反应时间、反应物浓度、反应温度、超声等对产物粒度大小、形貌的影响，并采用光谱法、透射电镜、扫描电镜等手段对产物进行了表征．     

双长链酯胺的合成工艺条件对产物组成的影响

在三乙醇胺脂肪酸酯型双长链酯基季铵盐的合成中，单／双／三长链的比例对其性能具有重要的影响．采用高效液相色谱，对三乙醇胺双硬脂酸酯的酯化工艺条件(反应温度、反应时间、反应物配比、催化剂及其用量等)与酯化产物中单、双、三酯含量之间的关系进行了研究．发现较高的反应温度可使单酯含量降低，双酯、三酯含量升高；合适的催化剂和反应时间有利于双酯含量的提高．在较高的反应温度(170℃)下，综合选择合适的反应物的物质的量比、反应时问和催化剂，可获得双酯含量迭61％的产物．     

S2O8^2—／ZrO2固体超强酸催化剂上的正戊烷反应性能研究

考察了焙烧温度、活化温度等因素对S2O8^2-/ZrO2(PSZ)固体超强酸常温下催化正戊烷反应性能的影响，利用色谱－质谱（GC－MS）、傅里叶红外（FT－IR）、原位X－射线粉末衍射（XRD）、此表面测定（BET）、含硫量分析等手段研究了正戊烷反应产物、催化剂晶型变化及表面酸位类型等。结果表明，焙烧温度和活化温度是影响催反应活性的关键。焙烧温度在723－973K制备的PSZ固体超强酸催化剂，308K下对正戊烷均具有催化反应活性，823K焙烧样品活性最佳；对于最佳焙烧温度样品，活化温度在373－673K之间，均具有较高的反应活性，活化温度为523K时活性最佳。异构化表观活化能为41．7kJ/mol。整个反应大致可以分为3个阶段：反应初期，产物均为异戊烷，表明发生的是异构化反应；反应中期，异构化反应速率减低，产物中出现异丁烷，表明异构化反应和裂解反应同时发生；反应后期，异构化产物明显减少，异丁烷和己烷异构体明显增加，表明裂解反应已经取代异构化反应，成为反应的主流。适宜的焙烧温度使ZrO2晶化是形成超强酸的必要条件；合适的活化温度影响酸位类型，523K下活化的样品主要为强Bronsted酸位，同时有少量的强Lewis酸位存在。     

燃烧合成Mg2Ni储氢合金的热力学分析

从理论上对燃烧合成Mg2Ni反应体系在不同预热温度下的绝热温度及Mg2Ni的熔化率进行了计算．研究结果表明，反应的绝热温度随预热温度的升高而提高，而且二者的差值基本为一定值．在一定的预热温度下产物Mg2Ni将熔化，其熔化率随预热温度的升高或稀释剂含量的减少而增加．添加适量的稀释剂有助于降低反应的绝热温度、减小Mg2Ni的熔化分解从而得到高纯的Mg2Ni．     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.