增程式电动汽车规则型能量管理策略对比

针对增程器小型化后的串联式增程式电动汽车能量管理策略问题,从发动机参数匹配角度对增程器小型化的方法进行了研究,采用逐步优化的方法提出了4种规则型能量管理策略.基于搭建的整车动力系统仿真平台,分别从发动机工作点分布、增程器效率以及动力电池充放电能量损失等方面对比分析了各控制策略燃油经济性存在差异的原因.离线及硬件在环仿真试验结果表明:增程器平均效率和动力电池充放电能量损失是影响车辆燃油经济性的主要因素;配置了小型化增程器的电动汽车,不适合照搬发动机开/关和功率跟随控制策略,采用最优曲线控制策略可获得较好的燃油经济性和控制效果.     

增程式电动汽车模糊控制能量管理策略研究

在ADVISOR软件环境中建立燃料电池增程式电动汽车动力系统模型,利用该模型设计基于模糊控制理论的整车能量管理策略,并以车辆最大续驶里程为优化目标,利用遗传算法对模糊函数和模糊规则进行优化.对比发现优化后的模糊控制管理策略能改善燃料经济性,提高整车续驶里程.典型工况下不同能量管理策略的整车仿真结果显示,本文所制定的模糊控制能量管理策略优于常见的恒温器及功率跟随能量管理策略,适合用于增程式电动汽车.     

增程式电动汽车能量控制策略的仿真分析

介绍了串联型增程式电动汽车的基本结构和工作模式,给出了选配电动汽车发动机和评价整车燃油经济性的方法.利用Cruise/Simulink联合仿真平台对整车进行建模与仿真,引入基于规则的发动机定点和最优曲线能量控制策略.典型工况下的仿真结果表明:发动机最优点能量控制策略能够使发动机和发电机工作在效率最高点,其燃油经济性优于最优曲线能量控制策略;在增程模式下,当采用发动机最优曲线能量控制策略时,增程式电动汽车获得了较好的燃油经济性和控制效果,且该策略有利于发动机的最小化.     

基于动态规划算法和路况的增程式电动车能耗分析

针对一种新型的车用增程式混合动力系统,研究了不同的行驶路况对基于动态规划能量管理策略电动汽车的能耗影响。根据输入的不同路况信息,以电池荷电状态、电池放电能力、车辆需求功率为状态量,以增程器发电功率为控制量,建立能量损失数学模型。以城市循环工况(UDC)、新欧洲循环工况(NEDC)、世界轻型车测试循环工况(WLTC)为路况输入,分别得出了基于传统规则能量管理策略与基于动态规划能量管理策略的油耗。仿真结果表明,不同的行驶路况对车辆的能耗影响程度不同,应用动态规划策略的车辆相比于传统方法节油10.42%～24%。     

增程式电动汽车能量管理策略优化研究

文章以增程式电动汽车为研究对象,以提高整车燃油经济性为目标,采用准静态方式建立了简化的整车模型,利用动态规划方法得到在特定工况下整车的最优控制及燃油消耗最优值;在ADVISOR平台上搭建了整车模型及基于逻辑门限值的控制策略,并利用遗传算法对控制策略中的主要参数进行优化。结果表明,与优化前相比,优化后整车的燃油消耗量明显降低,与理论最优油耗值的误差仅为2.8%。     

基于阿特金森发动机的增程式电动汽车控制策略匹配设计

能量管理控制策略是增程式电动汽车降低油耗和排放的关键,为了使增程式电动汽车获得较好的燃油经济性和控制效果,对采用阿特金森循环发动机的增程式电动汽车的结构特点和工作模式进行了分析.基于阿特金森循环发动机的工作特点,对传统的恒功率控制策略、功率跟随控制策略进行了匹配优化,并提出了发动机三工作点控制策略和基于转速切换的功率跟随控制策略.利用Cruise和Matlab软件建立了联合仿真模型.仿真结果表明:三工作点控制策略与恒功率控制策略相比,有效地防止动力电池大电流充电,有利于缓解电池寿命衰减.基于转速切换的功率跟随控制策略能有效减小发动机转速的频繁波动并且显著提高了燃油经济性,为采用阿特金森循环发动机的增程式电动汽车实用型控制策略的开发提供参考.     

基于效率优化的增程式电动环卫车控制策略

为了提高增程式电动汽车在增程阶段的能量转换效率及整车的等效燃油经济性,以一款增程式电动环卫车为例,对增程器的3种不同控制策略进行了对比分析。首先基于台架试验的发动机油耗特性和发电机效率特性,合成得到增程器整体效率特性及其最优效率曲线,并在MATLAB/Simulink/Stateflow平台搭建整车正向动力系统仿真模型;然后对增程式电动汽车的等效能耗进行了推导,将所消耗燃油和电能全部换算为单一的燃油量;在此基础上基于中国典型城市客车运转工况,分别应用增程器定点发电、增程器沿最优效率曲线功率随动和增程器恒定转速随动输出功率这3种控制策略进行车辆行驶仿真试验。研究结果表明:增程器在定点发电模式下,能够始终工作于最高效率点,从而达到最优的能量转换效率,此时整车等效百公里油耗为29.22L;増程器在恒转速功率随动模式下效率最低,其等效百公里油耗为33.41L;增程器沿最优效率曲线的功率随动模式下比恒转速功率随动模式下的等效百公里油耗降低了约2.78L,达到30.63L。通过对比3种增程器控制策略的仿真结果发现,在增程式电动汽车増程器的电量消耗-电量维持工作模式下,定点发电模式能够使增程器达到最佳的工作效率并实现最小的整车等效百公里燃油消耗,可将其作为增程式电动汽车增程器的最佳控制策略。     

复合电源纯电动汽车能量管理研究

以动力电池—超级电容复合电源结构的纯电动汽车为研究对象,基于模糊控制理论设计能量管理策略进行功率分配.以某电动汽车为原型,应用Cruise软件搭建复合电源电动汽车整车模型,在Simulink中开发能量管理系统,基于NEDC循环工况进行联合仿真.仿真结果表明,模糊控制分配策略能够很好发挥超级电容"削峰填谷"的作用,优化了双能量源电源系统的工作效率,满足车辆动力性能的同时,明显提升动力电池的荷电状态.基于模糊控制的能量管理策略,对电池寿命提高和车辆行驶里程提升均取得良好控制效果.     

基于需求功率预测的混合动力越野车能量管理

为了优化混合动力越野车多动力源动态响应控制与燃油经济性,以需求功率为关键研究参量,设计自适应马尔科夫链预测算法,实现需求功率的实时预测.基于等效燃油消耗最小控制策略,提出考虑实时需求功率的变化寻优域,设计变域等效燃油消耗最小控制策略,实现能量管理优化.运用Cruise和Simulink软件搭建了混合动力越野车能量管理联合仿真平台,以典型越野行驶工况为仿真循环工况进行策略验证.联合仿真结果表明:所设计的自适应马尔科夫链需求功率预测算法使得整车动力性提升6.5％;与传统复合规则型策略相比,变域等效燃油消耗最小能量管理策略使得整车燃油经济性提升10.5％.     

基于道路坡度信息的插电式混合动力汽车能量管理策略

考虑道路坡度对整车驱动需求的影响,针对插电式混合动力汽车,提出基于道路坡度信息的插电式混合动力汽车能量管理策略,进行车载导航系统在整车能量管理策略中应用的初步探究。根据车载导航系统提供的道路信息,建立坡道行驶电量消耗预估模型,分别对行程中电量消耗阶段和电量维持阶段动力电池的荷电指数进行规划,提出行车预充电时刻规划准则,使车辆在坡道行驶前动力电池的荷电指数达到预定值,保证车辆在坡道行驶时不会因动力电池亏电造成动力不足或过放电有损动力电池的使用寿命,并在上坡行驶结束后动力电池的荷电指数下降到临界值,有利于充分吸收制动回收的电能。利用MATLAB/Simulink仿真平台,对提出的能量管理策略进行仿真验证。本文所提出的基于坡道预测的能量管理策略能够避免动力电池的过放电,确保车辆上坡行驶过程电量充足。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.