三元体系对喇嘛甸油田二类油层的溶蚀作用研究

为探索非均质厚油层三元复合驱的可行性,2007年在喇嘛甸油田北东块开展强碱三元复合驱现场试验。试验过程中发现Si4+采出浓度大幅提高,强碱对油层具有较强的溶蚀作用,不仅会对油层造成伤害,还会给生产带来不便。因此开展三元体系对喇嘛甸油田二类油层溶蚀作用研究。利用常规化学分析手段及各种分析仪器测试手段,开展三元复合体系对储层岩石溶蚀作用、流动特性影响因素以及岩石结构的可视化研究。研究表明:随碱浓度增加、接触时间延长以及"液:固"的增加,溶蚀作用增强;在碱浓度相同条件下,与碱液相比较,二元复合体系和三元复合体系对岩样溶蚀程度较低,表面活性剂和聚合物具有减轻碱对岩样溶蚀作用效果的功效。研究结果能够对现场除防垢技术起到理论指导作用,进一步促进三元复合驱技术的推广应用。     

强碱三元复合驱后多种调驱剂的驱油效果对比

为了优选出强碱三元复合驱后增油效果最好的调驱剂体系,以大庆杏树岗油田储层为研究对象,通过物理模拟驱油实验研究了恒速和恒压条件下的多种调驱剂在强碱三元复合驱后的驱油效果。结果表明,强碱三元复合驱后注入高浓度聚合物溶液、无碱二元复合体系、弱碱三元复合体系、"聚合物凝胶+无碱二元复合体系"组合以及"聚合物凝胶+弱碱三元复合体系"组合都可以进一步提高采收率,其中"聚合物凝胶+弱碱三元复合体系"组合液流转向效果较好,含水率下降幅度较大,采收率增幅也较大。     

强碱三元体系与萨中地区油藏适应性研究

为保证强碱三元复合驱在大庆油田萨中地区顺利实施,开展了强碱三元复合体系中聚合物分子线团尺寸及其影响因素、岩心渗透率极限及其影响因素和驱油剂分子线团尺寸与岩石孔喉半径匹配关系实验研究。结果表明,随聚合物相对分子质量增加,聚合物分子线团尺寸Dh增大;随聚合物浓度升高,聚合物溶液中Dh呈"增大—减小—增大"趋势;随剪切强度增大,聚合物溶液中Dh先降低后升高。驱油剂岩心渗透率极限随聚合物相对分子质量和浓度增大而增大,随剪切强度的增大而减小。油藏岩石与驱油剂聚合物的适应性受岩石渗透率、聚合物浓度、相对分子质量以及剪切强度等因素影响,强碱三元复合体系"孔喉半径中值/Dh"范围通常在11~21。     

CO_2驱替方式对特低渗砂岩储层物理性质变化的影响

特低渗砂岩储层在注CO_2过程中岩石物理性质会发生明显变化,且不同CO_2驱替方式对储层物理性质的影响存在差异。在地层条件下(温度78℃、压力18 MPa)对物理性质相近高含水的储层岩心进行CO_2-地层水交替驱替(CO_2-WAG)和CO_2驱替实验,对比驱替前后岩心物理性质变化的异同。结果表明:CO_2驱替后的岩心渗透率降低幅度小于CO_2-WAG驱替后的岩心,孔隙度都无明显变化;驱替后岩心的部分大孔隙中发现高岭石、碎屑颗粒及盐结晶堆积和附着;CO_2-WAG驱替后岩心中大孔隙比例下降,中等孔隙比例增加,孔隙半径分布向中间集中,CO_2驱替后岩心孔隙半径分布变化范围和幅度均小于前者;驱替后岩石物理性质变化存在差异的主要原因为岩石-CO_2-地层水相互作用的程度不同、参与流动孔隙的半径范围不同和颗粒运移动力不同。     

下寺湾地区延长组陆相页岩孔隙特征及影响因素

鄂尔多斯盆地下寺湾地区陆相页岩孔隙类型多样,微观非均质性强,为研究该区延长组长7陆相页岩储层孔隙特征,文中通过岩心描述、薄片观察、场发射扫描电镜等直接观察技术手段,结合气体吸附、核磁共振等实测分析技术,对陆相页岩的孔隙类型、大小分布进行研究。研究结果表明:长7页岩孔隙类型包括无机粒间孔、无机粒内孔和有机孔3大类及残余粒间孔、溶蚀粒间孔、碎屑与黏土粒间孔、溶蚀粒内孔、黏土矿物晶间微孔、有机孔、微裂缝7个亚类。页岩孔径从0.3 nm至15μm范围内均发育,孔径100 nm以下的微孔,以有机孔和黏土矿物晶间孔隙为主,占总孔孔体积的41%～73%;孔径大于5μm的孔隙,以溶蚀孔隙为主,占总孔孔体积的25%～55%,页岩中的孔体积主要是由大孔和微孔贡献最大,成因以溶蚀孔和有机孔为主。分析孔隙发育影响因素可知:长7页岩中大孔(孔径 10μm)孔隙体积与黏土矿物(25%～60%)、方解石含量(0.6%～2.7%)具有负相关关系,黏土矿物和方解石含量的增加占据粒间孔隙空间,大孔孔隙体积与斜长石、石英含量具有正相关关系,微孔(孔径100 nm)的体积与黏土矿物含量具有正相关性。有机质含量和热演化程度是控制有机孔体积的主要因素,在低热演化背景下(Tmax460℃),有机孔体积随热成熟度增大而增高。     

鄂尔多斯盆地东南部本溪组致密石英砂岩成岩作用与孔隙演化

以岩心观察为基础,结合薄片鉴定、阴极发光、扫描电镜、X衍射、包裹体、镜质组反射率、孢粉等测试分析及本溪组地层埋藏史,对研究区的成岩作用和孔隙演化进行研究。研究后认为,研究区石英砂岩经历了多期复杂的成岩作用,达中成岩B期末。早成岩期的强压实作用使储层丧失约22.6%的原生粒间孔隙;中成岩期,有机酸生成使易溶组分和早期碳酸盐胶结物溶蚀,使储层增加了约2.9%的孔隙;至中成岩后期,铁白云石、石英晚期次生加大及黏土矿物的胶结作用使储层损失了约13.7%的孔隙空间;晚期微裂缝及碳酸盐的微弱溶蚀使储层增加了约0.5%的孔隙空间。其中,酸性成岩流体、硅质胶结、烃类充注、有机酸的溶蚀作用及晚期微裂缝与本溪组石英砂岩有利孔隙的发育关系密切,改善了储层物性。     

强碱三元复合驱储层物性变化特征研究

三元复合驱技术是油田高含水后期进一步提高采收率的重要手段,但是强碱三元复合驱后对于的储层的伤害是不容忽视的,为了更好的研究微观孔隙变化情况我们通过微观孔隙实验利用原子力显微镜和OCA接触角测定仪对于空隙结构变化以及接触角进行了检测和详细分析。结果表明：三元复合驱后,储层岩石向中性润湿变化,Ca2+与阴离子活性剂间的结合作用有可能使硅石表面从水湿向油湿转化,表面活性剂对油藏岩石的润湿作用受地层水中无机离子协同作用的影响。     

大庆喇嘛甸三类油层三元复合驱室内实验研究

通过统计学方法,分析了喇嘛甸三类油层储层物性特征及黏土含量特征,指出了三类油层黏土矿物含量最高的是SI油层组.通过表活剂、碱的静态吸附实验方法,明确了黏土含量大小对三元复合驱的影响程度.通过敏感性实验方法得知了喇嘛甸三类储层敏感性特征为中等及弱碱敏,说明喇嘛甸三类油层适合进行三元复合驱采油.通过三元复合驱替实验方法,得出强、弱碱三元复合驱实验可以有效提高采收率,对于黏土含量高的储层应该采取弱碱三元复合驱.     

PS对非饱和重塑黏土的土-水特征曲线的影响

采用扫描电镜测试PS加固前后黏土微观结构的变化,研究黏土矿物、孔隙结构和土体收缩特性3种因素对加固以后非饱和重塑黏土的土-水特征曲线的影响.研究结果表明:PS与土颗粒的反应是非常复杂的物理化学反应,在反应中大量的黏土矿物被消耗,形成一种较致密的结构,力学强度提高,同时,孔隙壁变得光滑、平直,土颗粒磨圆度增大,膨胀性降低,这些因素导致非饱和黏土的土-水特征曲线发生明显变化;PS加固后饱和含水率和残余含水率都有一定程度下降,进气值较高,斜率变陡,下降速度快.Van Genuchten模型(即VG模型)对PS作用前、后的土-水特征曲线的拟合效果较好.研究结果证明PS材料加固土遗址的良好性能.     

喇嘛甸油田三类油层三元复合驱注入方案优选研究

首先进行三元复合驱室内岩心实验,对三类油层三元复合驱段塞组合驱油效果进行评价,然后用Petrel软件建立试验区相控地质模型,应用CMG软件中的STARS模块,对喇嘛甸油田三类油层三元复合驱不同段塞组合注入方案进行数值模拟研究。三类油层室内岩心驱油实验研究表明,天然岩心中水驱最终采收率为45.32%,进行三元段塞组合驱油最终采收率较水驱提高了12.48%,三类油层比一、二类油层更为均质,更适合以提高驱油效率为主要机理的三元复合驱;数值模拟结果表明,4种三元复合驱段塞组合方案中,方案5的最终采收率为52.67%,最终采收率比不加密井网水驱开发提高了13.94%,比加密井网水驱开发提高了9.79%,综合含水率下降了9%左右,确定方案5为最佳的注入段塞组合方案。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.