高炉排锌及其回收利用之探讨

锌在高炉炼铁中属有害杂质,高炉锌负荷应小于150g/t。锌对高炉运行的影响主要表现在破坏原燃料性能、降低煤气利用率、加速风口中小套损坏、损坏炉缸砖衬等方面。高炉内的锌是由入炉的原燃料带入的,并通过炉内、炉外两个循环富集加大了高炉的锌负荷。锌主要由高炉煤气带出炉外,积存在瓦斯灰和除尘灰等固废中。如要降低高炉的锌负荷,充分利用高炉煤气除尘净化后的固体废弃物,实施炉外循环进行回配,就必须回收利用瓦斯灰、除尘灰中的ZnO。介绍了从瓦斯灰和除尘灰中提取ZnO的工艺技术,锌的总提取率可达85%以上。提锌后的瓦斯灰和除尘灰,ZnO含量大幅度降低,对实现炉外固废的循环利用,降低锌负荷,稳定高炉冶炼操作起到促进作用。     

湘钢高炉锌平衡的研究

分别对湘钢3#、4#高炉取样检测,进行了锌负荷和锌平衡计算,结果表明,高炉中的锌富集主要来自烧结矿,3#,4#(特别是4#)高炉中的锌主要由渣、铁(含除尘灰)排出,这三者的排锌量占总排锌量的92.83%。     

福建某铜冶炼炉渣铜锌浮选试验研究

针对福建龙岩某铜冶炼炉渣的工艺矿物学性质,采用铜、 锌顺序优先浮选工艺流程,进行选矿试验研究. 结果表明,在磨矿细度为-0.045mm占84%、 Na₂SO₃+ ZnSO₄作为锌组合抑制剂的情况下,采用1粗1精浮铜,并对铜粗选尾矿1粗1精浮锌. 得到铜品位为55.48%、 回收率为85.74%的铜精矿,锌品位为35.56%、 回收率为90.56%的锌精矿. 有效回收了有价金属锌,进而提高选厂的经济效益.     

冶金矿渣铅锌铁镍及稀贵金属回收利用研究及示范

该课题针对冶金矿渣多元素共生且复杂难选的特点,通过自主创新和技术集成,开发出高效新工艺、新药剂、新设备,解决其铅锌铁镍和稀贵金属等有价元素回收率低、精矿中杂质含量高等技术难题。对该冶金矿渣进行了五个专题的详细试验研究:(1)冶金矿渣工艺矿物学研究方面,对原渣、中间产品以及最终产品的物相和形态进行了深入研究,明确了不同矿渣试验前后的变化和差异,并对后续的试验进行很好的理论指导。(2)高炉瓦斯灰泥方面,通过还原焙烧、铅锌挥发、阶段磨矿、磁选选铁、湿法分离铅锌工艺,获得了品位为65.18%,回收率为76.06%且铅、锌分别为0.176%和0.078%的铁精矿和品位为79.54%回收率为94.99%的Zn O产品以及品位为33.56%,回收率为94.86%的粗铅产品,各项指标达到任务书中规定的指标。(3)黄铁矿烧渣方面,对黄铁矿烧渣进行了工艺矿物学、氰化浸金、吸附、锌粉置换、选铁等试验研究,得出了最佳工艺条件。最佳条件下,可获得金浸出率在78%左右;碳吸附率可达到97%~99%,金的置换率可达到99%以上。原渣细筛—重选—磨矿—重选—脱泥—浮选流程,当获得精矿铁品位为62.02%时铁回收率为63.98%,当精矿铁品位为61.67%时铁回收率为70.20%。(4)镍铜冶炼渣方面,通过实验室试验研究,形成了镍渣深度还原—磁选提铁技术。在优化的最佳条件下所得铁精矿铁品位为92.07%,铁回收率为90.45%,镍回收率为62.69%。(5)铅渣方面,在实验室条件下,对三种类型的铅渣进行了工艺矿物学、还原焙烧条件对铅渣中铅、锌、锑挥发的影响研究,得出了最佳的挥发工艺条件。第一种铅渣Zn、Sb、Pb分别为4.35%、1.78%和0.739%,在最佳条件下,Pb、Zn、Sb的挥发率分别达到90.20%、92.78%和71.32%。第二种铅渣Zn、Sb、Pb分别为4.44%、3.32%和3.71%,在最佳条件下,Pb、Zn、Sb的挥发率分别达到97.39%、99.59%和53.08%。     

深度还原-弱磁选回收稀土尾矿中铁的试验研究

对某全铁品位为1625%的稀土尾矿进行了深度还原-弱磁选回收铁试验研究,研究了还原剂种类及用量、焙烧温度及时间、磨矿细度及磁场强度对铁精矿品位和回收率的影响,并采用SEM,XRD等手段对稀土尾矿、焙烧产物、铁精矿进行了测试.结果表明,在烟煤质量分数30%,焙烧温度1300℃,焙烧时间60min,磨矿细度-0074mm占75%,磁场强度118kA/m的条件下,所得铁精矿TFe品位可达8076%,铁回收率可达9324%;稀土尾矿经深度还原后,其中的赤、褐铁矿、硅酸铁等含铁矿物转化为单质铁,铁精矿品位和回收率较常规选矿方法大幅度提高,同时脉石矿物组成简单,有利于萤石的富集回收.     

隧道窑工艺处理不锈钢除尘灰的实验研究

利用隧道窑工艺对宝钢不锈钢除尘灰进行处理．该工艺过程是将焦粉（添加量为除尘灰质量的35％）外置在除尘灰周围,并添加三种不同比例的铁鳞,在碳化硅罐中还原42h,还原温度为1200℃．研究表明：该工艺条件能够实现不锈钢除尘灰的烧结,且通过加入铁鳞（添加量为除尘灰质量的20％）可以经济有效地提高烧结物的强度;铁鳞的加入提高了铁品位,但会降低镍、铬品位．针对金属化球团中镍、铬的金属化率难以检测出的情况,提出了一种金属还原率的估测方法,并将其应用到本实验中,得出在隧道窑工艺条件下铁和镍的金属化率分别为92．55％和97．83％,铬的金属化率最少可达到35．5％．     

高炉灰为还原剂对海滨钛磁铁矿直接还原焙烧磁选--钛铁分离的影响

对高炉灰在直接还原焙烧-弱磁选工艺中用作印尼某海滨钛磁铁矿还原剂的可行性及其机理进行研究.结果表明,以萤石为添加剂的条件下,高炉灰可代替煤做还原剂,通过高炉灰与萤石的共同作用,可以在直接还原过程中提高还原铁粉中铁的回收率及品位并降低TiO2质量分数,同时回收高炉灰中铁.三种不同产地高炉灰还原效果的比较表明,高炉灰性质对还原效果有影响.在相同用量条件下,津鑫高炉灰( JX)还原效果最好;在JX高炉灰用量30%、萤石用量10%、焙烧温度1250益以及焙烧时间为60 min时,焙烧产物通过两段磨矿和两段磁选,最终得到最佳的还原铁粉中铁品位为91.28%,TiO2质量分数降至0.93%,包括海滨砂矿和高炉灰中铁的铁总回收率达到89.19%.     

高炉喷煤过程中未燃煤粉分析

通过测定邯钢高炉喷吹煤种的燃烧率,分析了邯钢高炉喷煤利用现状.测定了高炉除尘灰中的碳含量,利用岩相测试技术分析了除尘灰中未燃煤粉和焦炭存在的不同结构形态,并确定了高炉除尘灰中含碳物质的来源.结果表明,邯钢高炉除尘灰中的碳元素含量都比较高.炉尘中的未燃煤粉颗粒可分成微变原煤颗粒、气孔原煤颗粒和残碳颗粒;焦炭颗粒可分成类丝碳、粒状镶嵌结构、流动结构、片状结构、块状结构.结合邯钢高炉目前配煤情况,给出了提高邯钢煤粉燃烧率的有效建议,邯钢高炉混合喷吹的首选用煤为长治煤与大湾煤.     

西北某褐铁矿选矿试验研究

对西北某地原矿铁品位为44.12%的高碱度贫褐铁矿进行选矿试验研究。采用单一强磁选工艺精矿铁品位只有48.84%,而采用焙烧磁选工艺,则可获得铁品位58.45%、相对焙烧矿回收率为93.62%的铁精矿。这两种铁精矿均为高碱度铁精矿,适宜与酸性铁精矿配合使用。     

金川镍弃渣铁资源回收综合利用

针对金川镍弃渣的特点,采用深度还原-磁选工艺,对其进行铁资源回收的综合利用实验研究,获得了铁品位为89.84%,铁回收率达93.21%的铁精矿. 探讨了还原温度、还原时间、二元碱度、磨矿细度和磁场强度等不同实验条件对产品指标和分离效果的影响. 通过X射线衍射分析、光学显微分析、SEM分析、化学分析等手段确定了镍弃渣与铁精矿的物相组成和特点.     

Comprehensive recovery of lead,zinc, and iron from hazardous jarosite residues using direct reduction followed by magnetic separation

Lead, zinc, and iron were recovered from jarosite residues using direct reduction followed by magnetic separation. The influence of the coal dosage, reduction temperature, and reduction time on the volatilization rates of lead and zinc and the metallization rate of iron were investigated. The results show that the volatilization rates of lead and zinc were 96.97% and 99.89%, respectively, and the iron metallization rate was 91.97% under the optimal reduction roasting conditions of a coal dosage of 25.0wt% and reduction roasting at 1250℃ for 60 min. The magnetic concentrate with an iron content of 90.59wt% and an iron recovery rate of 50.87% was obtained under the optimum conditions in which 96.56% of the reduction product particles were smaller than 37 μm and the magnetic field strength was 24 kA/m. Therefore, the results of this study demonstrate that recovering valuable metals such as lead, zinc, and iron from jarosite residues is feasible using the developed approach.     

Study on the pre-treatment of oxidized zinc ore prior to flotation

The pre-treatment of zinc oxide bearing ores with high slime content is important to ensure that resources are utilized optimally. This paper reports an improved process using hydrocyclone de-sliming, dispersion reagents, and magnetic removal of iron minerals for the pre-treatment of zinc oxide ore with a high slime and iron content, and the benefits compared to traditional technologies are shown. In addition, this paper investigates the damage related to fine slime and iron during zinc oxide flotation, the necessity of using hydrocyclone de-sliming together with dispersion reagents to alleviate the influence of slime, and interactions among hydrocyclone de-sliming, reagent dispersion, and magnetic iron removal. Results show that under optimized operating conditions the entire beneficiation technology results in a flotation concentrate with a Zn grade of 34.66% and a recovery of 73.41%.     

Effect of carbon species on the reduction and melting behavior of boron-bearing iron concentrate/carbon composite pellets

Iron nugget and boron-rich slag can be obtained in a short time through high-temperature reduction of boronbearing iron concentrate by carbonaceous material, both of which are agglomerated together as a carbon composite pellet. This is a novel flow sheet for the comprehensive utilization of boron-bearing iron concentrate to produce a new kind of man-made boron ore. The effect of reducing agent species (i.e., carbon species) on the reduction and melting process of the composite pellet was investigated at a laboratory scale in the present work. The results show that, the reduction rate of the composite pellet increases from bituminite, anthracite, to coke at temperatures ranging from 950 to 1300℃. Reduction temperature has an important effect on the microstructure of reduced pellets. Carbon species also affects the behavior of reduced metallic iron particles. The anthracite-bearing composite pellet melts faster than the bituminitebearing composite pellet, and the coke-bearing composite pellet cannot melt due to the high fusion point of coke ash. With anthracite as the reducing agent, the recovery rates of iron and boron are 96.5% and 95.7%, respectively. This work can help us get a further understanding of the new process mechanism.     

用铁粉和稀硫酸还原反萃P204中Fe3+

针对湿法炼锌过程中P204萃取除铁铁反萃困难的问题,比较铸铁板、锌板、铁粉和锌粉分别作还原剂的还原反萃效果,确定铁粉为最好的还原反萃剂;提出新的Fe^3＋反萃方法,该法以铁粉作还原剂,稀硫酸作反萃剂,在机械搅拌和强保护气氛下边还原边反萃负铁P204中的Fe^3＋;考察还原反萃时间、负载有机相中Fe^3＋含量、铁粉加入量、反应温度、反萃剂酸度对Fe^3＋还原反萃率和还原铁粉指数的影响及其与反萃液中Fe2＋的含量的关系。研究结果表明：在最优条件下,还原铁粉指数为1.087,Fe^3＋还原反萃率达73%;反萃液中Fe^2＋的质量浓度富集到61.8 g/L,可满足制备FeSO4·7H2O的要求。     

高铝硅氰化渣中铁回收工艺

研究一种处理磁选前高铝硅氰化渣的新工艺。采用复合添加剂焙烧-水浸-磁选工艺对一种铁品位为27.69%(质量分数),SiO2含量为23.9%,Al2O3含量为6.35%的高铝硅氰化渣进行杂质与铁分离的研究。研究结果表明:在最佳焙烧条件下,当水浸温度为60℃,液固比为15:1,水浸时间为5 min,转速为20 r/min,在激磁电流为2 A时,可获得铁品位57.11%,铁的回收率为72.58%的铁精矿。铁的品位和回收率都比单纯的复合添加剂还原焙烧-磁选法所获得的铁精矿的指标高,铁的品位提高了10%左右,回收率提高了30%左右。X线荧光(XRF),X线衍射(XRD)及能谱(EDS)分析研究结果表明:经水浸后,复合添加剂焙烧过程中所产生的可溶性复杂杂质化合物被洗除,不溶性物质经磁选后随之进入非磁性物,实现铁与杂质矿物之间的有效分离。     

Purification of specularite by centrifugation instead of flotation to produce iron oxide red pigment

This study used specularite, a high-gradient magnetic separation concentrate, as a raw material in reverse flotation.An iron concentrate with a grade of 65.1 wt% and a recovery rate of 75.31% were obtained.A centrifugal concentrator served as the deep purification equipment for the preparation of iron oxide red pigments, and its optimal rotating drum speed, feed concentration, and other conditions were determined.Under optimal conditions, a high-purity iron oxide concentrate with a grade of 69.38 wt% and a recovery rate of 80.89% were obtained and used as a raw material for preparing iron oxide red pigment.Calcining with sulfuric acid produced iron red pigments with different hues.Simultaneously, middlings with a grade of 60.20 wt% and a recovery rate of 17.51% were obtained and could be used in blast furnace ironmaking.High-value utilization of specularite beneficiation products was thus achieved.     

Comprehensive recovery of gold and base-metal sulfide minerals from a low-grade refractory ore

The comprehensive recovery of small amounts of valuable minerals such as gold and base-metal sulfide minerals from a low-grade refractory ore was investigated. The following treatment strategy was applied to a sample of this ore: gold flotation–gold concentrate leaching–lead and zinc flotation from the gold concentrate leaching residue. Closed-circuit trials of gold flotation yielded a gold concentrate that assayed at 40.23 g·t-1 Au with a recovery of 86.25%. The gold concentrate leaching rate was 98.76%. Two variants of lead-zinc flotation from the residue—preferential flotation of lead and zinc and bulk flotation of lead and zinc—were tested using the middling processing method. Foam from the reflotation was returned to the lead rougher flotation or lead–zinc bulk flotation, whereas middlings from reflotation were discarded. Sulfur concentrate was a byproduct. The combined strategy of flotation, leaching, and flotation is recommended for the treatment of this kind of ore.     

Zinc bioleaching from an iron concentrate using Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans strain from Hercules Mine of Coahuila,Mexico

The iron concentrate from Hercules Mine of Coahuila,Mexico,which mainly contained pyrite and pyrrhotite,was treated by the bioleaching process using native strain Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans (A.ferrooxidans) to determine the ability of these bacteria on the leaching of zinc.The native bacteria were isolated from the iron concentrate of the mine.The bioleaching experiments were carried out in shake flasks to analyze the effects of pH values,pulp density,and the ferrous sulfate concentration on the bioleaching process.The results obtained by microbial kinetic analyses for the evaluation of some aspects of zinc leaching show that the native bacteria A.ferrooxidans,which is enriched with a 9K Silverman medium under the optimum conditions of pH 2.0,20 g/L pulp density,and 40 g/L FeSO4,increases the zinc extraction considerably observed by monitoring during15 d,i.e.,the zinc concentration has a decrease of about 95% in the iron concentrate.     

Zinc bioleaching from an iron concentrate using <Emphasis Type="Italic">Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans</Emphasis> strain from Hercules Mine of Coahuila,Mexico

The iron concentrate from Hercules Mine of Coahuila, Mexico, which mainly contained pyrite and pyrrhotite, was treated by the bioleaching process using native strain Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans (A. ferrooxidans) to determine the ability of these bacteria on the leaching of zinc. The native bacteria were isolated from the iron concentrate of the mine. The bioleaching experiments were carried out in shake flasks to analyze the effects of pH values, pulp density, and the ferrous sulfate concentration on the bioleaching process. The results obtained by microbial kinetic analyses for the evaluation of some aspects of zinc leaching show that the native bacteria A. ferrooxidans, which is enriched with a 9K Silverman medium under the optimum conditions of pH 2.0, 20 g/L pulp density, and 40 g/L FeSO₄, increases the zinc extraction considerably observed by monitoring during15 d, i.e., the zinc concentration has a decrease of about 95% in the iron concentrate.     

高铁锌矿的湿法处理

研究高铁锌矿的湿法处理工艺，提出了“硫化锌精矿、软锰矿同时浸出，氧化锌矿中和，锌、二氧化锰分步电解”的工艺制度。试验结果表明：高铁锌矿的全湿法处理在技术上是可行的。