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1.
超临界CO2萃取两头尖皂甙研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
应用超临界CO2萃取两头尖皂甙,采用正交设计优化条件,以齐墩果酸为对照品,用香草醛—高氯酸显色法测定皂甙含量,来研究两头尖皂甙的超临界CO2提取方法.实验得出超临界萃取的最佳条件为:萃取压力30MPa,萃取温度50℃,萃取时间1.5h,夹带剂95%乙醇用量为20%.结果证明超临界CO2萃取两头尖皂甙方法是可行的,为提高皂甙提取率,预处理工艺有待进一步实验研究.  相似文献   

2.
苦瓜皂甙的提取过程研究   总被引:20,自引:0,他引:20  
研究了苦瓜皂甙的提取工艺和测定方法.以苦瓜皂甙中主要成分Mordicoside A为对照,采用分光光度法对苦瓜中皂甙成分进行定量分析;以提取温度、浸泡时间、乙醇的质量分数和料液比为考察因素,采用单因素试验及正交试验对苦瓜中皂甙进行了提取务件优化的试验.试验结果表明:浸提温度60℃,浸提时间6h,乙醇质量分数为70%及料液比1:5为最佳提取条件.苦瓜皂甙粗品的提取率为苦瓜干粉的0.052%,其中皂甙的质量分数为43.333%.  相似文献   

3.
薯蓣皂甙元是合成甾体激素药物和甾体避孕药物的重要原料,是黄姜中的主要活性物质。采用正交实验的方法,探讨了经过二次酸水解法从黄姜中提取薯蓣皂甙元的工艺条件,结果表明该方法提取的薯蓣皂甙元产率达到了2.41%,比直接水解法(2.20%)提高了9.55%。另外,采用熔点、元素分析法、红外、核磁等一系列的手段对产品进行表征,结果表明该法是可行的,提取的薯蓣皂甙元的质量纯度达到了工业的要求。  相似文献   

4.
以取代苯胺为起始原料,与水舍氯醛及盐酸羟胺反应生成取代的异亚硝基乙酰苯胺(2a-2e),在浓硫酸作用下环合,经水解后以65.9%-80.3%的总收率得到5位取代的靛红(3a-3d),以39.5%的总收率得到7位取代靛红(3e)。化合物2a-2e的合成作为Sandmeyer法合成取代靛红的关键步骤,对其制备工艺进行优化并确定了最佳反应条件:反应温度为85℃,反应时间为1.5~2.5h。  相似文献   

5.
冯维群  常兰  曾霞 《科技信息》2009,(24):I0087-I0087,I0089
以餐饮废油为原料,采用液体碱酯交换法制备生物柴油,研究了预酯化及酯交换反应条件。试验结果表明,预酯化工艺条件:甲醇:油=2:1(物质的量化)、催化剂:98%浓硫酸、反应温度为60℃、反应时间为1h;最佳酯交换反应条件:甲醇:油=6:1(物质的量比)、催化剂(甲醇钠)用量为原料油质量的0.9%、反应温度为60℃、反应时间为20min,甲酯转化率可达94%以上,甲酯产品各项性能指标达到GBtT20828--2007要求。  相似文献   

6.
以丙烯酰胺和二丙酮醇为原料,以浓硫酸为催化剂,合成了N-(1,1-二甲基-3-氧代丁基)-2-丙烯酰胺。采用红外光谱、核磁共振、熔点测定等方法对产物进行了表征。得到最佳反应条件为n(丙烯酰胺):n(二丙酮醇):n(浓硫酸)=2:4:1,反应温度为60℃,反应时间为6h。得到产物的产率为20.0%,熔点为51~53℃。  相似文献   

7.
二溴代烷制备的探讨   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
以二溴代烷制备为例,探讨了浓硫酸在二溴代烷制备过程的催化作用及研究脂肪族二元醇与环氧化合物转化为二溴代烷的难易.结果表明:浓硫酸的用量对环氧化合物以及脂肪二元醇合成二溴代烷的收率有很大的影响.  相似文献   

8.
目的:建立蒙药查干汤中苦参碱的含量测定方法.方法:采用了薄层扫描法,以苯-丙酮-醋酸乙酯-浓氮试液(2:3:4:0.2)为展开剂,稀碘化铋钾试液为显色剂;λS=520nm,λR=650nm,双波长反射法锯齿扫描.结果:苦参碱溶液在2.14~6.42μg范围内具有良好的线性关系,r=0.998;平均回收率为97.62%.CV(%)=1.73(n=5).结论:建立的方法分离效果好,结果稳定、可靠、准确,具有良好的重复性,可作为该制剂中苦参碱的含量测定方法.  相似文献   

9.
利用混合溶剂法,直接用对羟基苯甲醛与吡咯反应合成了meso-5.10,15,20-四(对羟基苯基)卟啉,探讨了混合溶剂的配比、反应温度、反应时间等条件对反应的影响,其最佳工艺条件为:混合溶剂配比(V/V)丙酸:乙酸:硝基苯=2:2:1;在130~140℃,反应时间60min;产率达到39.68%.利用室温固相合成法合成了标题卟啉化合物与Fe2^ ,Fe^3 ,Co^2 ,Ni^2 ,Mn^2 ,Cu^2 等金属离子形成的配合物,产率为87.02%~89.64%.利用元素分析,UV-Vis.IR,^1HNMR,对卟啉化合物及其配合物进行了表征,利用TG—DTA研究了它们的热稳定性.利用ESR研究了它们的顺磁性.  相似文献   

10.
黄姜皂甙元清洁生产工艺   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
以黄姜为原料.研究提取皂甙元的清洁生产工艺。本工艺采用溶剂把黄姜中的皂甙与淀粉、纤维素等成分分离.然后再将皂甙水解、过滤、中和、脱水、提取、重结晶.从而得到高纯度的皂甙元。研究表明:用4样溶剂提取皂甙效果较好:溶剂的回收率可达98%以上:水解的酸浓度为[H^ ]=0.5mol/I较好、水解的压力为0.7—0.8Mpa较适合、水解时间为6h。在这些条件下.皂甙元的得率可以达到95%以上。本工艺产生的生产废水不到传统工艺的10%.酸的用量约为传统工艺的10%.皂甙元的得率有所提高.生产周期也大大缩短了.资源的综合利用率明显提高。  相似文献   

11.
Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.  相似文献   

12.
何延凌 《科技信息》2008,(4):258-258
Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women's language from these perspectives: pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women's language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What's more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.  相似文献   

13.
The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3~4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰~ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰~ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084~0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078~0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.  相似文献   

14.
理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。  相似文献   

15.
王慧 《科技信息》2008,(10):240-240
Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte's only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.  相似文献   

16.
The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.  相似文献   

17.
In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.  相似文献   

18.
As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.  相似文献   

19.
There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.  相似文献   

20.
The non-orthogonal localized molecular orbital(NOLMO)is the most localized representation of electronic degrees of freedom.As such,NOLMOs are thus potentially the most efficient for linear scaling calculations of electronic structures for large systems.However,direct ab initio calculations with NOLMO have not been fully implemented and widely used,partly because of the slow convergence issue in the optimization of NOLMO.We devel-  相似文献   

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