英汉语中词的语义色彩点滴

英汉两种高度发展的语言的词，在一定的语境中都可能各具某种特殊的语义色彩，在英汉双语转换中，语义色彩在契合的，也有不对应的。     

言内语义语境与言外语境语义

语境研究已成为当前语言学界的中心课题,语义学也把语境视为一个重要对象。言内语义语境是利用语言知识来解释语境对语义的解释制约作用;言外语境语义则是用非语言知识来分析语境对语义的解释制约作用。由此得出语义研究离不开语境。     

语境与英语教学

本文结合我国英语教学实际，运用语境理论，论析语境对语言意义理解的影响，揭示语言交际环境中语义的理解依赖于语境以及语境对语义的影响与作用这一相互关系，从而培养学生在语境中有效使用语言和正确理解语言的能力。     

从语用学角度看语境对意义的作用

从语用学的角度，论析语境对语言意义的作用，能揭示语言交际环境中语义的理解依赖于语境境以及语境对语义的影响与作用这一相互关系，在教学中有利于培养学生在语境中有效使用语言和正确理解语言的能力。     

一种语境化模糊本体的方法

本文主要研究如何将模糊本体进行语境化,即语境化模糊本体. 具体来说,提出了一种语境化模糊OWL（Web Ontology Language）本体的方法,讨论了如何扩展模糊OWL（F-OWL）本体的语法和语义来处理F-OWL本体无法处理的问题,并进一步提出了一种模糊语境OWL本体语言FC-OWL. 该本体语言FC-OWL是一种扩展的模糊语言,具有丰富的语义,并且允许对模糊本体进行语境化表示.     

语用语境作用下的英语习语歧义

作为语言的特殊成分，习语的使用需要一定的语境条件，否则容易引发歧义。歧义的辨别和消除有赖于语境，因为意义不是抽象的、游离于语境之外的；同时习语的语义意义也是语用意义的载体，只有运用语用语境的背景知识，根据上下文的语义进行语用分析，透过语义意义看语用意义，才能更好地辨别、认识习语歧义。     

浅谈语境对语义的影响

为了更好的交流,准确的把握语义是十分重要的。但是要做到这一点的确十分困难。那么怎么做才能更好的理解语义呢?语言学家认为:对语义的理解不应该只建立在词汇和语法的基础上,更重要的是要结合具体的语言环境对语义进行分析和把握。语境对语义的准确理解有举足轻重的作用。不同的语境对语义有不同的影响,在理解语境的过程中要尽可能的把各种相关语境都考虑在内。本文主要是在对语境和语义分析的基础上,阐明语言环境在语义理解过程中的作用。     

诗歌意象语言的语义理解

正确把握诗歌语言主体意象词语赖以存在的上下文语境和文化语境,是理解诗歌意象语言深层语义的关键.从语义关系上讲,诗歌的上下文意义构成意象语言语义理解的横轴,诗歌主体意象词语的各种文化语境意义构成意象语言语义理解的纵轴.纵、横轴上的语义组合关系和语义聚合关系相互作用、相互制约,从而形成诗歌意象语言的深层审美意义.     

从结构主义、消解策略谈语言创新

以瑞士索绪尔为代表的结构语言学，是一种方法论，它引起西方人对语言明晰性的执着追求，而这种追求以牺牲语言的丰富性、生动性、隐喻性为代价。我们也用结构主义语言学就德立达的消解策略：颠倒、变化来完成语言创新，恢复语言的多义性，表达的隐喻性，意义的可增生性。用语言的同时性扩张语义，创造新鲜语言；用语言的历时性演变仿拟出新语言；颠倒重组语序创新语言。让语言容纳进创作主体丰富的心理活动、经历、阅历及情景语境，使语言新鲜而富有魅力。     

语用充实视角下的跨文化交际语义迁移

不同的语言就是不同文化的反映,英汉两种文化在长期的历史发展过程中形成了各具特色的社会规范、价值观念和思维模式。在跨文化交际过程中,如果交际双方不了解各自不同的语境因素,交际话语的语义信息是很难实现其在不同语境下的语义、语用等值的。一旦交际双方的语义语用信息不等值,语义迁移随之产生,给交际的顺利进行带来了障碍。文化语境和情景语境是对语义信息迁移进行语用充实的重要依据。因此,在跨文化交际中,交际双方应该进行相应的语境补缺和语用充实,以填补交际中由于文化背景、语言习惯和价值观的不同而造成的信息空缺。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the