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1.
Japan started the national project “COURSE 50” for CO2 reduction in the 2000s. This project aimed to establish novel technologies to reduce CO2 emissions with partially utilization of hydrogen in blast furnace-based ironmaking by 30% by around 2030 and use it for practical applications by 2050. The idea is that instead of coke, hydrogen is used as the reducing agent, leading to lower fossil fuel consumption in the process. It has been reported that the reduction behavior of hematite, magnetite, calcium ferrite, and slag in the sinter is different, and it is also considerably influenced by the sinter morphology. This study aimed to investigate the reduction behavior of sinters in hydrogen enriched blast furnace with different mineral morphologies in CO–CO2–H2 mixed gas. As an experimental sample, two sinter samples with significantly different hematite and magnetite ratios were prepared to compare their reduction behaviors. The reduction of wustite to iron was carried out at 1000, 900, and 800°C in a CO–CO2–H2 atmosphere for the mineral morphology-controlled sinter, and the following findings were obtained. The reduction rate of smaller amount of FeO led to faster increase of the reduction rate curve at the initial stage of reduction. Macro-observations of reduced samples showed that the reaction proceeded from the outer periphery of the sample toward the inside, and a reaction interface was observed where reduced iron and wustite coexisted. Micro-observations revealed three layers, namely, wustite single phase in the center zone of the sample, iron single phase in the outer periphery zone of the sample, and iron oxide-derived wustite FeO and iron, or calcium ferrite-derived wustite 'FeO' and iron in the reaction interface zone. A two-interface unreacted core model was successfully applied for the kinetic analysis of the reduction reaction, and obtained temperature dependent expressions of the chemical reaction coefficients from each mineral phases.  相似文献   

2.
NH4HCO3 conversion followed by HCl leaching was performed and proven to be effective in extracting Pb and Sr from zinc extracted residual. The mechanism and operating conditions of NH4HCO3 conversion, including molar ratio of NH4HCO3 to zinc extracted residual, NH4HCO3 concentration, conversion temperature, conversion time, and stirring velocity, were discussed, and operating conditions were optimized by the orthogonal test. Experimental results indicate that NH4HCO3 conversion at temperatures ranging from 25 to 85°C follows the shrinking unreacted core model and is controlled by inner diffusion through the product layer. The extraction ratios of Pb and Sr under optimized conditions reached 85.15% and 87.08%, respectively. Moreover, the apparent activation energies of Pb and Sr were 13.85 and 13.67 kJ·mol?1, respectively.  相似文献   

3.
《矿物冶金与材料学报》2021,28(12):2001-2007
Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe3O4 NPs with a SiO2 layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO2 coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO2 on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO2 layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe3O4 NPs, forming a core-shell Fe3O4@SiO2@GO composite where Fe3O4@SiO2 NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe3O4@SiO2@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.  相似文献   

4.
In this work, different magnesium silicate mineral samples based on antigorite, lizardite, chrysotile (which have the same general formula Mg3Si2O5(OH)4), and talc (Mg3Si4O10(OH)2) were reacted with KOH to prepare catalysts for biodiesel production. Simple impregnation with 20wt% K and treatment at 700–900°C led to a solid-state reaction to mainly form the K2MgSiO4 phase in all samples. These results indicate that the K ion can diffuse into the different Mg silicate structures and textures, likely through intercalation in the interlayer space of the different mineral samples followed by dehydroxylation and K2MgSiO4 formation. All the materials showed catalytic activity for the transesterification of soybean oil (1:6 of oil : methanol molar ratio, 5wt% of catalyst, 60°C). However, the best results were obtained for the antigorite and chrysotile precursors, which are discussed in terms of mineral structure and the more efficient formation of the active phase K2MgSiO4.  相似文献   

5.
《矿物冶金与材料学报》2021,28(9):1397-1412
As the world’s second largest economy experiencing rapid economic growth, China has a huge demand for metals and energy. In recent years, China ranks first, among all the countries in the world, in the production and consumption of several metals such as copper, gold, and rare earth elements. Bioleaching, which is an approach for mining low grade and refractory ores, has been applied in industrial production, and bioleaching has made great contributions to the development of the Chinese mining industry. The exploration and application of bioleaching in China are reviewed in this study. Production and consumption trends of several metals in China over the past decade are reviewed. Technological processes at key bioleaching operations in China, such as at the Zijinshan Copper Mine and Mianhuakeng Uranium Mine, are presented. Also, the current challenges faced by bioleaching operations in China are introduced. Moreover, prospects such as efficiency improvement and environmental protection are proposed based on the current situation in the Chinese bioleaching industry.  相似文献   

6.
《矿物冶金与材料学报》2021,28(12):1940-1948
The evolution of inclusions and the formation of acicular ferrite (AF) in Ca–Ti treated steel was systematically investigated after Mg and La addition. The inclusions in the molten steel were Ca–Al–O, Ca–Al–Mg–O, and La–Mg–Ca–Al–O after Ca, Mg, and La addition, respectively. The type of oxide inclusion in the final quenched samples was the same as that in the molten steel. However, unlike those in molten steel, the inclusions were Ca–Al–Ti–O + MnS, Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS, and La–Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS in Mg-free, Mg-containing, and La-containing samples, respectively. The inclusions distributed dispersedly in the La-containing sample. In addition, the average size of the inclusions in the La-containing sample was the smallest, while the number density of inclusions was the highest. The size of effective inclusions (nucleus of AF formation) was mainly in the range of 1–3 μm. In addition, the content of ferrite side plates (FSP) decreased, while the percentage of AF increased by 16.2% due to the increase in the number of effective inclusions in the La-containing sample in this study.  相似文献   

7.
The butt welds of 4-mm thick 5A06 aluminum alloy plates were produced by adjustable-gap bobbin-tool friction stir travel with travel speeds of 200, 300, and 400 mm/min in this study. The microstructure was studied using optical microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). Tensile tests and microhardness measurements were performed to identify the effect of the travel speed on the joint mechanical properties. Sound joints were obtained at 200 mm/min while voids were present at different positions of the joints as the travel speed increased. The EBSD results show that the grain size, high angle grain boundaries, and density of geometrically necessary dislocations in different regions of the joint vary depending on the recovery and recrystallization behavior. Specific attention was given to the relationship between the local microstructure and mechanical properties. Microhardness measurements show that the average hardness of the stir zone (SZ) was greater than that of the base material, which was only affected slightly by the travel speed. The tensile strength of the joint decreased with increasing travel speed and the maximal strength efficiency reached 99%.  相似文献   

8.
A high-building multi-directional pipe joint (HBMDPJ) was fabricated by wire and arc additive manufacturing using high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steel. The microstructure characteristics and transformation were observed and analyzed. The results show that the forming part includes four regions. The solidification zone solidifies as typical columnar crystals from a molten pool. The complete austenitizing zone forms from the solidification zone heated to a temperature greater than 1100°C, and the typical columnar crystals in this zone are difficult to observe. The partial austenitizing zone forms from the completely austenite zone heated between Ac1 (austenite transition temperature) and 1100°C, which is mainly equiaxed grains. After several thermal cycles, the partial austenitizing zone transforms to the tempering zone, which consistes of fully equiaxed grains. From the solidification zone to the tempering zone, the average grain size decreases from 75 to 20 μm. The mechanical properties of HBMDPJ satisfies the requirement for the intended application.  相似文献   

9.
《矿物冶金与材料学报》2020,27(9):1251-1258
A Monte Carlo Potts model was developed to simulate the recrystallization process of a cold-rolled ultra-thin grain-oriented silicon steel. The orientation and image quality data from electron backscatter diffraction measurements were used as input information for simulation. Three types of nucleation mechanisms, namely, random nucleation, high-stored-energy site nucleation (HSEN), and high-angle boundary nucleation (HABN), were considered for simulation. In particular, the nucleation and growth behaviors of Goss-oriented ({011}<100>) grains were investigated. Results showed that Goss grains had a nucleation advantage in HSEN and HABN. The amount of Goss grains was the highest according to HABN, and it matched the experimental measurement. However, Goss grains lacked a size advantage across all mechanisms during the recrystallization process.  相似文献   

10.
Nano graphene platelet (Gr) reinforced nano composites with a zinc–aluminum alloy (ZA27) matrix were produced by powder metallurgy at four different mass ratios (0.5wt%, 1.0wt%, 2.0wt% and 4.0wt%) and three different sintering temperatures (425, 450, and 475°C). In order to investigate the effect of sintering temperatures and nano graphene reinforcement materials on the composite structure, the microstructures of the composite samples were investigated and their densities were determined with a scanning electron microscope. Hardness, transverse rupture, and abrasion wear tests were performed to determine the mechanical properties. According to the test results, the porosity increased and the mechanical strength of the nano composites decreased as the amount of nano graphene reinforcement in ZA27 increased. However, when the composites produced in different reinforcement ratios were evaluated, the increase in sintering temperature increased the mechanical structure by positively affecting the composite structure.  相似文献   

11.
马尔克思以"外祖母讲故事的方式"撰写<百年孤独>,这方式主要是思维认知方式而非一般所认为的结构言语方式,即作者重在借拟拉美土著有灵论者认识事物的方式讲述故事.为此,千姿百态的灵幻便成为小说的外在主体,它逼真而深刻地展示了拉美民族的精魂,且形成了一种奇美而超绝的艺术品格.  相似文献   

12.
岩体失稳是岩体边坡变形达到一定程度的结果,岩体边坡稳定性评价是岩体工程中经常碰到的问题.应用VC++编译平台,利用VC++的封装性、继承性、可操作性和编程界面可视化的优点,编制了利用圆弧法、平面滑动法、楔形体法、SARMA法计算岩体边坡安全系数的windows应用程序;同时编制了带有帮助文档的安装版,这对解决岩石边坡稳定计算问题和预测岩体滑坡具有良好的应用前景.  相似文献   

13.
中国古典诗歌意象独特,是诗歌鉴赏的重要概念.西方诗歌的审美倾向是以意象赏析为主,因而意象翻译成为中诗英译的重点和难点.意象图式是认知语言学中的重要概念之一,意象图式是为了把空间结构映射到概念结构而对感性经验进行的压缩性的再描写.诗歌翻译的要点和难点就在于用另一语言符号还原该意象图式的对等体.图式理论为诗歌翻译给出重要提示,即在诗歌翻译中,用符际翻译的视角探寻目的语诗歌意象的对等体,用图画还原意象,帮助译诗读者在获取原诗意象方面达到最大近似的等效.  相似文献   

14.
曹植是三国时魏诗人。他的诗、赋、各体散文,不论数量质量,都堪称当时之冠。诗歌是曹植文学活动的主要领域,他在诗歌艺术上有很多创新发展,特别是在五言诗的创作上贡献尤大。  相似文献   

15.
图集的统一协调,对图集质量有很大影响。本文是作者在编制北京市农业区划地图集的实践基础上,根据地图信息传输论的观点,对农业区划地图集的统一协调的内容及方法进行了探讨。试图总结编制这类图集的统一协调模式,以供读者编图时参考。  相似文献   

16.
基于磁盘动态镜像的技术实现   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
在网络系统中利用磁盘的静态镜像无法满足服务器系统数据及时更新的需求.提出了在Windows 2000 Server环境下,利用镜像功能对服务器的系统及其数据实现动态备份的方法,取得预期的效果.该方案投资少,易实现.  相似文献   

17.
谢彦海  文春根  吴浩彬 《江西科学》2008,26(1):53-56,59
本研究分别在10℃、15℃、20℃、27℃和30℃等5种水温下暂养褶纹冠蚌,每组蚌的数量为30只,暂养5d后对各组褶纹冠蚌的血细胞进行分类、计数并进行统计分析。结果发现,在15℃以下水温中暂养的褶纹冠蚌,其总血细胞含量随着温度的上升而下降,水温为15℃时其总血细胞含量最低,每毫升血淋巴中含血细胞的总数为(1.90±0.59)×10^6个;在15℃以上的3种水温中暂养的褶纹冠蚌,随着温度的升高,其总血细胞含量逐渐升高,水温为30℃时其总血细胞含量达到最高值,每毫升血淋巴中含血细胞的总数为(2.62±0.60)×10^6个。随着水温的不同,褶纹冠蚌血淋巴中的小颗粒细胞和透明细胞含量的变化与总血细胞含量的变化相似,而其中的大颗粒细胞和淋巴样细胞含量的变化与总血细胞含量的变化有所不同。  相似文献   

18.
根据某型教练机襟翼收放系统的具体情况,分析了该系统的可能故障模式,并以襟翼不能放下为顶事件建立了该系统的故障树。利用一种系统可靠性分析的新算法对该系统进行了可靠性定量计算,找出了该襟翼系统的薄弱环节,为外场检查维护工作提供了依据。  相似文献   

19.
大学生就业工作在构建和谐社会中处于十分重要的地位.社会转型时期大学生因就业未果,产生了一些不和谐因素.这与构建"和谐社会"的基本精神背道而驰,不容我们忽视.本文分析其产生原因,提出几点可观的建议.以就业的和谐促进和谐社会的构建.  相似文献   

20.
定义的物质数字化是物质自身或相互间的数字化,物质能量信息统一数字化是这三者作为统一体组成部分而协调地各自传输与相互转化的数字化,把数字化界说为微传输与微转化在时间上是节拍化、物理量取值是规整化且该节拍和规整是脉冲序列可控的。阐述了在几何、物理、化学、生物诸方面物质微转化的内容和用途;分析了电效应与流体、化学、生物效应在所述两个数宇化中的互补作用;指出了现有信息数字化和我们的微流体数字化技术为实现两个数字化提供的基础和开辟的道路:指出基础力学体系对微米、纳米系统规模应用的指导意义,认为代表尺寸递减时系统历经3个层次,建议把牛顿力学、量子力学单独指导的第一、第三层次作为现阶段规模应用重点。  相似文献   

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