一维周期量子阱中玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚的特性研究

一维周期量子阱中的玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚可以用非线性薛定谔方程即定态Gross-Pitaevskii方程来描述,对于这个方程可以得到一组精确非线性布洛赫解,利用这组精确解文章对一维周期量子阱中玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚的特性进行了详细的研究,如有效质量、压缩率、声速等物理量,同时还研究了凝聚体在一维周期量子阱中的集体激发和量子损耗,并得到了这些物理量随势阱深度和非线性相互作用的变化关系。     

玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体中的三角涡旋格子

 讨论了玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体中的三角涡旋格子,从磁光阱里玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体波函数满足的Gross-Pitaevskii方程求出三角格子的解,并简要解释了相关实验观察结果.     

87Rb原子气体的玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体的产生和测量

报道了针对⁸⁷Rb原子气体设计的玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体研究实验平台, 采用双磁光阱结构和QUIC磁势阱蒸发冷却的方法获得玻色凝聚体. 用吸收成像法分别对自由飞行和紧束缚状态下的玻色凝聚体进行了特性测量. 测量结果符合玻色凝聚体产生的判据, 证实了玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体的相变过程, 获得了2×10⁵个原子的纯凝聚体.     

87Rb原子气体的玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体的产生和测量

报道了针对⁸⁷Rb原子气体设计的玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体研究实验平台, 采用双磁光阱结构和QUIC磁势阱蒸发冷却的方法获得玻色凝聚体. 用吸收成像法分别对自由飞行和紧束缚状态下的玻色凝聚体进行了特性测量. 测量结果符合玻色凝聚体产生的判据, 证实了玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体的相变过程, 获得了2×10⁵个原子的纯凝聚体.     

周期边界下玻色爱因斯坦凝聚体杂质间相互作用

应用黎曼才塔函数(Riemann zeta function)研究了一维情况下周期边界下的玻色爱因斯坦凝聚体杂质间的相互作用力.通过计算杂质间的相互作用力,给出了力与杂质间距离的关系.结果表明,杂质间的距离越大,力越小.研究结果有助于进一步了解玻色爱因斯坦凝聚体中杂质所带来的物理效应.     

玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体量子模拟实验技术进展

玻色爱因斯坦凝聚体（BEC）的最初理论在1925年由爱因斯坦和玻色提出,直到1994年才通过激光冷却原子气体的方法在实验室实现,并于2001年获得诺贝尔物理学奖。BEC具有宏观量子特性并且具有较长的相干时间,因此是开展量子模拟研究的重要平台。随着光阱、光晶格、微结构光阱和量子气体显微镜等技术的发展,基于BEC的量子模拟器不仅能够用于研究凝聚态物理中已有的基本模型,而且能够探索自然界中不存在的新奇量子物理现象和量子物态。甚至在非平衡和动力学演化研究方面,BEC量子模拟器可以用来研究当前物理实验中无法观测的快速量子物理现象。     

在周期边界条件下的类Casimir力

研究了在绝对零度下2个平行板之间周期边界条件下均匀稀释玻色爱因斯坦凝聚体中的类Casimir力,得到Bogoliubov色散关系的高阶修正项.计算中没有引入任何截断函数,获得了有限的结果.该结果有助于进一步了解玻色爱因斯坦凝聚体的物理机制,并且对Casimir效应和玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚的实验研究具有一定的参考价值.     

Floquet相空间方法分析周期驱动下原子玻色爱因斯坦凝聚体动力学

用相空间动力学方法研究一维无限深势阱内的原子玻色爱因斯坦凝聚体受到时域周期性微扰时的动力学行为.通过功角变换和共振频率近似，在Floquet相空间中构造有效的势场来预言玻色爱因斯坦凝聚体的运动，并通过数值模拟实空间动力学方程，验证了该方法.     

理想的玻色爱因斯坦凝聚体杂质间的相互作用

运用热场动力学理论研究了一维情况下有限温度的玻色爱因斯坦凝聚体杂质问的相互作用,计算了系统的能量和杂质间的相互作用力,给出相互作用力与温度和杂质间距离的关系.研究结果有助于进一步了解玻色爱因斯坦凝聚体中杂质所带来的物理效应,并为Casimir效应和玻色一爱因斯坦凝聚的实验研究提供参考.     

有限深势阱中自旋-轨道耦合玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚的集体动力学

研究了一维有限深势阱中自旋-轨道耦合玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚的集体动力学,利用变分法得到了该系统的动力学方程和基态方程.首先,通过基态方程分析了系统基态平面波相和零动量相之间的量子相变,发现有限深势阱能很好地控制基态的相变;其次,对系统的动力学方程进行了线性化并得到了凝聚体集体动力学的解析解,发现自旋-轨道耦合会引起非简谐的集体动力学.当势阱足够弱的时候,凝聚体会逃逸出势阱,相应的集体动力学也会被阻尼.这些结论为操控玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体的基态相变和动力学特性提供了理论指导.     

Coherent zero-state and pi-state in an exciton-polariton condensate array

The effect of quantum statistics in quantum gases and liquids results in observable collective properties among many-particle systems. One prime example is Bose-Einstein condensation, whose onset in a quantum liquid leads to phenomena such as superfluidity and superconductivity. A Bose-Einstein condensate is generally defined as a macroscopic occupation of a single-particle quantum state, a phenomenon technically referred to as off-diagonal long-range order due to non-vanishing off-diagonal components of the single-particle density matrix. The wavefunction of the condensate is an order parameter whose phase is essential in characterizing the coherence and superfluid phenomena. The long-range spatial coherence leads to the existence of phase-locked multiple condensates in an array of superfluid helium, superconducting Josephson junctions or atomic Bose-Einstein condensates. Under certain circumstances, a quantum phase difference of pi is predicted to develop among weakly coupled Josephson junctions. Such a meta-stable pi-state was discovered in a weak link of superfluid 3He, which is characterized by a 'p-wave' order parameter. The possible existence of such a pi-state in weakly coupled atomic Bose-Einstein condensates has also been proposed, but remains undiscovered. Here we report the observation of spontaneous build-up of in-phase ('zero-state') and antiphase ('pi-state') 'superfluid' states in a solid-state system; an array of exciton-polariton condensates connected by weak periodic potential barriers within a semiconductor microcavity. These in-phase and antiphase states reflect the band structure of the one-dimensional polariton array and the dynamic characteristics of metastable exciton-polariton condensates.     

Macroscopically ordered state in an exciton system

There is a rich variety of quantum liquids -- such as superconductors, liquid helium and atom Bose-Einstein condensates -- that exhibit macroscopic coherence in the form of ordered arrays of vortices. Experimental observation of a macroscopically ordered electronic state in semiconductors has, however, remained a challenging and relatively unexplored problem. A promising approach for the realization of such a state is to use excitons, bound pairs of electrons and holes that can form in semiconductor systems. At low densities, excitons are Bose-particles, and at low temperatures, of the order of a few kelvin, excitons can form a quantum liquid -- that is, a statistically degenerate Bose gas or even a Bose-Einstein condensate. Here we report photoluminescence measurements of a quasi-two-dimensional exciton gas in GaAs/AlGaAs coupled quantum wells and the observation of a macroscopically ordered exciton state. Our spatially resolved measurements reveal fragmentation of the ring-shaped emission pattern into circular structures that form periodic arrays over lengths up to 1 mm.     

(2+1)-维强排斥玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体中的解析解

运用经典李群方法,以"硬核"玻色子为模型,研究了原子间为强排斥作用的(2+1)维玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体中的物质波.在特殊情况下,得到了物质波的一些解析解,包括暗孤子解、亮孤子解及周期解.分析了此强关联体系的物理参量,包括最近邻格点间的跃迁强度、最近邻格点间原子的相互作用,对物质波的波速及振幅的影响.     

Effective mass approach for a Bose-Einstein condensate in an optical lattice

We study the stationary and propagating solutions for a Bose-Einstein condensate （BEC） in a periodic optical potential with an additional confining optical or magnetic potential. Using an effective mass approximation we express the condensate wave function in terms of slowly-varying envelopes modulating the Bloch modes of the optical lattice. In the limit of a weak nonlinearity, we derive a nonlinear Schrodinger equation for propagation of the envelope function which does not contain the rapid oscillation of the lattice. We then consider the ground state solutions in detail in the regime of weak, moderate and strong nonlinear interactions. We describe the form of solution which is appropriate in each regime, and place careful limits on the validity of each type of solution. Finally we extend the study to the propagating dynamics of a spinor atomic BEC in an optical lattice and some interesting phenomena are revealed.     

Bose-Einstein 凝聚态中的一维Gross-Pitaevskii方程的包络周期解和孤立波解

非线性Schrdinger方程的精确解对于理解Bose-Einstein凝聚态动力学演化有重要的作用。应用Jacobi椭圆函数展开法, 求得描述Bose-Einstein凝聚态的一维Gross-Pitaevskii方程的包络周期解。在极限情况下, 包络周期解可导出包络孤立波解。     

BEC中非线性薛定谔方程的数值研究

通过数值求解非线性薛定谔方程，来分析温度在绝对零度时束缚在谐振子势阱中弱相互作用玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚(BEC)的特性．在一维的情况下，利用定态薛定谔方程，得到了一维谐振势下的基态波函数，同时求得单粒子的基态能量，进一步，利用含时薛定谔方程，研究了宏观波函数随时间的演化，特别是当势阱随时间变化或受扰动的情况．研究表明，一维情况下，不论正散射长度还是负散射长度的原子都可以形成BEC，且非线性相互作用在一定范围内时负散射长度原子的解具有孤立子的性质。     

Nonlinear and quantum atom optics

Coherent matter waves in the form of Bose-Einstein condensates have led to the development of nonlinear and quantum atom optics - the de Broglie wave analogues of nonlinear and quantum optics with light. In nonlinear atom optics, four-wave mixing of matter waves and mixing of combinations of light and matter waves have been observed; such progress culminated in the demonstration of phase-coherent matter-wave amplification. Solitons represent another active area in nonlinear atom optics: these non-dispersing propagating modes of the equation that governs Bose-Einstein condensates have been created experimentally, and observed subsequently to break up into vortices. Quantum atom optics is concerned with the statistical properties and correlations of matter-wave fields. A first step in this area is the measurement of reduced number fluctuations in a Bose-Einstein condensate partitioned into a series of optical potential wells.     

Formation and propagation of matter-wave soliton trains

Attraction between the atoms of a Bose-Einstein condensate renders it unstable to collapse, although a condensate with a limited number of atoms can be stabilized by confinement in an atom trap. However, beyond this number the condensate collapses. Condensates constrained to one-dimensional motion with attractive interactions are predicted to form stable solitons, in which the attractive forces exactly compensate for wave-packet dispersion. Here we report the formation of bright solitons of (7)Li atoms in a quasi-one-dimensional optical trap, by magnetically tuning the interactions in a stable Bose-Einstein condensate from repulsive to attractive. The solitons are set in motion by offsetting the optical potential, and are observed to propagate in the potential for many oscillatory cycles without spreading. We observe a soliton train, containing many solitons; repulsive interactions between neighbouring solitons are inferred from their motion.     

玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体与双模光场相互作用中光场的量子特性

目的 研究玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体与双模光场相互作用中光场的量子特性.方法 在波戈留波夫近似下,求解系统的动力学方程.结果 双模光场与波色-爱因斯坦凝聚体相互作用过程中,光场的两正交分量交替呈现周期性压缩现象,光子是聚束的.结论 模间相关恒为非经典相关.     

Quantum phase transition from a superfluid to a Mott insulator in a gas of ultracold atoms.

For a system at a temperature of absolute zero, all thermal fluctuations are frozen out, while quantum fluctuations prevail. These microscopic quantum fluctuations can induce a macroscopic phase transition in the ground state of a many-body system when the relative strength of two competing energy terms is varied across a critical value. Here we observe such a quantum phase transition in a Bose-Einstein condensate with repulsive interactions, held in a three-dimensional optical lattice potential. As the potential depth of the lattice is increased, a transition is observed from a superfluid to a Mott insulator phase. In the superfluid phase, each atom is spread out over the entire lattice, with long-range phase coherence. But in the insulating phase, exact numbers of atoms are localized at individual lattice sites, with no phase coherence across the lattice; this phase is characterized by a gap in the excitation spectrum. We can induce reversible changes between the two ground states of the system.