货油舱用耐蚀钢连续冷却的转变规律

在MMS-300热模拟试验机上测得货油舱用耐蚀钢在不同冷速下的连续冷却膨胀曲线,结合金相-硬度法,研究了该耐蚀钢变形和未变形过冷奥氏体冷却过程中的组织演变,建立了连续冷却转变(CCT)曲线.结果表明,动态CCT曲线较静态CCT曲线明显向左上方移动,提高了奥氏体转变的开始温度;随着冷却速度的增大,显微组织由多边形铁素体、珠光体和少量贝氏体逐渐过渡到针状铁素体、粒状贝氏体,最后为板条贝氏体和马氏体.     

低碳微合金钢中Ti_xO--MnS型复合夹杂对焊接热影响区微观组织相变的影响

对比分析了两种低碳微合金钢中夹杂物对焊接热影响区组织相变的影响.对实验钢中夹杂物的分布和尺寸进行观察并在透射电镜下分析了夹杂物的选区衍射斑图样.采用热膨胀法结合金相分析建立了实验钢的连续冷却转变曲线(CCT曲线)和等温转变曲线(TTT曲线).研究发现,Ti脱氧钢中夹杂物以尺寸小于3μm的TixO--MnS型球状复合夹杂为主,其中TixO核心有两种类型(Ti2O3和Ti3O5).这类夹杂物具有诱导晶内针状铁素体形核的能力,针状铁素体优先在TixO--MnS型复合夹杂界面上形核,从而导致Ti脱氧钢相对于Al脱氧钢的贝氏体相变开始温度升高,相变时间也明显提前.     

含钒汽车大梁钢P510L连续冷却时的组织转变

用MMS-200热力模拟试验机研究了含钒汽车大梁钢P510L在连续冷却条件下的组织演变规律,采用热膨胀法结合金相法建立了P510L的静态CCT曲线和动态CCT曲线,分析了变形条件、冷却速度对P510L显微组织的影响.结果表明:奥氏体低温区的变形促进了铁素体相变和珠光体相变,抑制了贝氏体相变;并且随着冷却速度的增大,铁素体的量减少,贝氏体的量增多.     

28CrMnMoV钢过冷奥氏体连续冷却转变

利用Gleeble-3500热模拟机测量28CrMnMoV钢以不同速度连续冷却时的膨胀曲线,结合差热分析法和金相-硬度法,确定临界点及相变温度点,绘制并分析和应用过冷奥氏体的连续冷却曲线(CCT图),研究实验钢连续冷却时的奥氏体转变.研究结果表明:实验钢过冷奥氏体在高温区可能发生铁素体转变和珠光体转变,中温区可能发生贝氏体转变,低温区可能发生马氏体转变;当冷却速度为0.05～0.5℃/s时,转变产物为多边形铁素体、珠光体和少量贝氏体的混合组织;在1～5℃/s的冷却速度范围内,转变产物为贝氏体;当冷却速度大于5℃/s时,转变产物为马氏体;合金元素Cr,Mo,V有抑制奥氏体扩散分解的作用,以低于1℃/s的速度冷却才会有先共析铁素体和珠光体;锰质量分数较高对贝氏体转变有明显的促进作用,在0.05～10℃/s的较宽速度范围内连续冷却会发生贝氏体转变.根据测得的CCT图指导28CrMnMoV钢的分级控冷工艺,可在减小钢管淬火应力的同时,为V150油套管的高强韧性提供组织保障.     

电渣重熔过程冷却强度对含镁H13钢中碳化物的影响

研究电渣重熔过程冷却强度对含镁H13钢凝固组织和碳化物偏析的影响.采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜、X射线衍射仪等分析凝固组织及碳化物的特征.研究发现,钢锭的凝固组织均为马氏体组织、残余奥氏体及一次碳化物.H13钢电渣锭中主要析出的一次碳化物为V8C7、MC、M23 C6及M6C.随着冷却强度增加,电渣锭边部碳化物的尺寸减小且分布更加均匀,但是碳化物的类型不发生变化.电渣重熔过程中冷却强度增加促进钢中镁对夹杂物的变性能力,经过镁变性后生成的MgO· Al2O3为TiN的析出提供形核质点,MgO· Al2 O3和TiN的复合夹杂物能够促进一次碳化物异质形核,从而细化一次碳化物.     

3Cr2Mo钢CCT曲线的测定与分析

在Gleeble-1500热模拟机上测定3Cr2Mo钢以不同冷却速度连续冷却时的膨胀曲线,结合金相-硬度法、示差热分析法(DSC)获得该钢的连续冷却转变曲线(CCT曲线).根据测得的CCT曲线,分析以不同冷却速度连续冷却时的组织转变;阐明冷却速度与组织的演变以及硬度变化的关系.比较分析所测CCT曲线与同类转变曲线的异同.研究结果表明:马氏体转变的临界冷却速度为1.0～1.5℃/S;为生产实践和新工艺的制定提供了参考依据.     

Mg和Zr对FH40级船板钢连续冷却转变曲线的影响

以FH40高强度级别船板钢为研究对象,利用真空感应炉冶炼了不同Mg、Zr成分的实验钢,采用Gleeble-3800热模拟试验机测定了实验钢连续冷却转变曲线(CCT)。采用金相显微镜系统研究了实验钢连续冷却条件下的组织演变规律,并探讨了Mg、Zr单独和复合添加对实验钢CCT曲线中铁素体和贝氏体相区的作用规律。结果表明,Mg、Zr及Mg-Zr添加均能影响过冷奥氏体和珠光体开始转变温度;Mg和Mg-Zr添加抑制了铁素体转变,促进了贝氏体转变,在5~30℃/s冷却速度范围内均获得以贝氏体为主的组织;Zr添加扩大了铁素体区,减小了贝氏体区,冷却速度提高至20℃/s以上可得到以贝氏体为主的组织。研究结果对进一步明确Mg、Zr对低碳微合金钢组织特征的作用规律,指导Mg、Zr及Mg-Zr处理在工业上的应用具有重要意义。     

冷却速度对5Ni钢组织和相变温度的影响

应用Formastor-FⅡ相变膨胀仪测定并研究了5Ni钢的静态CCT曲线,测定了相变临界点A c1与A c3,为制定热处理工艺提供依据.通过万能硬度计及OM,SEM和EPMA分析了冷却速度对5Ni钢硬度、显微组织及微观成分偏析的影响.结果表明:随着冷却速度的增大,试样显微组织由多边形铁素体和珠光体变成贝氏体和马氏体.从CCT曲线上可以看出,淬火热处理时为了避免铁素体和贝氏体相变,临界冷却速度要大于20℃/s;在不同冷速下,Ni元素都存在偏析,这有助于回火时产生逆转奥氏体,进而改善5Ni钢的韧性.     

冷却速度对5Ni钢组织和相变温度的影响

应用Formastor-FⅡ相变膨胀仪测定并研究了5Ni钢的静态CCT曲线,测定了相变临界点Ac1与Ac3,为制定热处理工艺提供依据.通过万能硬度计及OM,SEM和EPMA分析了冷却速度对5Ni钢硬度、显微组织及微观成分偏析的影响.结果表明:随着冷却速度的增大,试样显微组织由多边形铁素体和珠光体变成贝氏体和马氏体.从CCT曲线上可以看出,淬火热处理时为了避免铁素体和贝氏体相变,临界冷却速度要大于20℃/s;在不同冷速下,Ni元素都存在偏析,这有助于回火时产生逆转奥氏体,进而改善5Ni钢的韧性.     

含B钒微合金钢的连续冷却相变行为

为开发一种新的低成本高性能含B钒微合金钢和建立其TMCP生产工艺,用MMS-200热力模拟试验机研究了实验钢在连续冷却条件下的相变规律,绘制出实验钢的静态CCT曲线和动态CCT曲线.结果表明:微量的B提高了钒微合金钢过冷奥氏体稳定性,促进了针状铁素体形成,在比较宽的冷却速度范围内能得到贝氏体组织;未变形钢相比于变形钢,在更低的冷却速度甚至0.5℃/s的冷却速度下能得到大部分的贝氏体组织,但两者在5℃/s以上的冷却速度下都得到全部贝氏体组织;变形降低了奥氏体稳定性,促进铁素体转变,含硼钢铁素体转变存在的冷速升高到2℃/s,不含硼钢的其冷速升高到15℃/s;钒微合金钢中B有利于获得高强度的贝氏体组织,冷速5℃/s以上时相变后含硼钢的硬度都高于变形及未变形不含硼钢的硬度.     

中碳耐磨钢动态冷却条件下组织变化

以中碳耐磨钢为研究对象,通过热膨胀法测定了中碳耐磨钢CCT曲线,分析了动态冷却条件下其组织变化,结果表明当冷速小于5℃/s时得到的组织为铁素体＋贝氏体,随着冷速的增加铁素体的数量减少,当冷速达到10℃/s时得到的组织为贝氏体组织,随着冷速的增加贝氏体的形态由粒状贝氏体逐渐转换为板条贝氏体,当冷却速度在15℃/s～50℃/s之间时得到的组织为贝氏体＋马氏体的组织。当冷速大于30℃/s的时候发生马氏体转变,生成的组织主要为马氏体组织。建议直接淬火工艺冷却速度15℃/s,冷却开始温度应该在800～850℃左右,而冷却结束温度在400～450℃左右。     

Precipitation behavior of BN type inclusions in 42CrMo steel

Automobile crankshaft steel 42CrMo, which requires excellent machinability and mechanical properties, cannot be manufactured by traditional methods. To achieve these qualities, the formation behavior of boron nitride (BN) inclusions in 42CrMo steel was studied in this article. First, the precipitation temperature and the amount of BN type inclusions with different contents of boron and nitrogen in molten steel were calculated thermodynamically by FactSage software. Then the morphology and the size of BN type inclusions as well as the influence of cooling methods on them were investigated by scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, the effects of cooling rate and the contents of B and N in molten steel on the morphology, size, and distribution of BN type inclusions were studied quantitatively and detailedly by directional solidification experiments. It is found that different BN inclusions in molten steel can form by controlling the cooling rate and the contents of B and N, which is important for obtaining the excellent machinability of 42CrMo steel.     

Precipitation and control of BN inclusions in 42CrMo steel and their effect on machinability

The precipitation and control of boron nitrogen (BN) inclusions in 42CrMo steel were investigated and their effect on machinability was analyzed. First, the precipitation regularity of BN in 42CrMo steel was studied by theoretical calculation. Then, the machinability of the steel was investigated through contrast cutting experiments, and the composition and cooling rate of the steel were controlled to analyze the variation laws of the size, distribution, and area ratio of BN inclusions. Finally, the results were combined with the machinability of the steel to analyze the relationship among them. It is found that the machinability of the steel is mainly influenced by the diameter and quantity of BN inclusions. Fine and dispersedly distributed BN inclusions are more beneficial for the improvement in machinability of 42CrMo steel than coarse and sparse BN inclusions.     

Effect of Nb and V on the continuous cooling transformation of undercooled austenite in Cr–Mo–V steel for brake discs

The increasing speed of trains necessitates the development of brake-disc materials that meet more stringent requirements. Therefore, Nb and V have been added to Cr–Mo–V steel to improve its thermal fatigue performance when used in brake discs. In this paper, the influences of Nb and V on the static continuous cooling transformation (CCT) behaviors of undercooled austenite were studied. The microstructures, hardness, and dislocation densities at different cooling rates and with the addition of different alloying elements were also investigated. The results show that the transformation products of ferrite, granular bainite, lower bainite, and martensite form under different cooling conditions. With increasing Nb and V contents, the CCT curves are shifted to the left, ferrite and bainite transformations are promoted, and the critical cooling rate of total martensite formation is increased. The added V mainly forms V-rich M₈C₇ precipitates and reduces the dissolved C content; therefore, the A_c1, A_c3, and M_s-point temperatures increase. Moreover, the stability of retained austenite is also reduced; its content therefore decreases. Compared with V, the effect of added Nb is weaker because of its smaller content. However, the addition of Nb improves the hardness at lower cooling rates because of the precipitation of fine NbC particles and refining of the microstructure.     

含铌微合金低碳钢的连续冷却过程的相变

用Gleeble-1500热力模拟实验机研究了含铌微合金低碳钢在不同变形条件下连续冷却过程的相变规律,利用热膨胀法结合金相法建立了静态和动态的连续冷却转变曲线,分析了变形参数对组织的影响规律.研究表明,高温变形促进了珠光体相变,在950℃以上,变形温度的升高导致铁素体转变区减少;从贝氏体转变开始温度看,950℃变形促进了贝氏体相变;在相同变形温度下,随着变形量的增加,先共析铁素体的量增多,贝氏体量减少;在900℃以下变形促进了高温等轴铁素体的形成,抑制了贝氏体的相变.     

不同终轧温度下36Mn2V钢的连续冷却转变规律

采用Gleeble-1500热模拟机,测定了36Mn2V钢经四种终轧温度变形后的连续冷却膨胀曲线,结合金相-硬度法,获得了该钢种的连续冷却转变曲线.结果表明:随冷却速度的增大,实验钢的γ/α相变开始温度逐渐降低,贝氏体相变开始温度先升高到一个平台,随冷却速度的进一步增加又降低,晶粒细化;随终轧温度的降低,实验钢的动态连续冷却转变曲线整体向左上方移动,网状铁素体和晶内铁素体明显减少,晶粒略有细化;经四种温度终轧后以3℃.s-1的冷速冷却到室温的四个试样中,唯独950℃终轧的试样中未观察到贝氏体.     

Nb对低碳微合金钢连续冷却相变行为的影响

结合膨胀法和金相观察绘制了无Nb和添加质量分数0042%Nb的实验钢的动态CCT曲线,阐明了Nb对低碳微合金钢相变行为和相变组织的影响规律.结果表明,添加Nb可显著细化铁素体晶粒,抑制铁素体形成,促进贝氏体形成,使CCT曲线移向右下方,缩小铁素体和珠光体相变区,显著扩大贝氏体相变区.此外,添加Nb可显著增强细晶强化、析出强化和相变强化效果,使实验钢维氏硬度显著提高.