高强耐候钢Q450NQR1腐蚀规律和机制

 通过采用周浸腐蚀试验方法研究了Q450NQR1高强耐侯钢和Q345钢在浓度为0.01mol/L的亚硫酸氢钠溶液中,经过6,24,48,72和96h周浸腐蚀试验后的耐腐蚀性能,并测试了不同周浸腐蚀时间后试样的腐蚀电位和腐蚀电流密度.研究发现,Q450NQR1钢腐蚀速率随试验时间延长而下降,其表面的锈蚀产物膜在周浸腐蚀试验48h后基本达到稳定.Q450NQR1钢在浸泡各个周期内相对Q345钢均有更好的耐腐蚀性.电化学极化实验证实Q450NQR1钢的腐蚀电流48h后趋于稳定,而Q345B 48h后腐蚀电流密度略有增大,这与周浸腐蚀试验结果是一致的.微观腐蚀形貌及EDS分析认为这是由于Q450NQR1钢中添加的Cu和Cr元素参与了腐蚀成膜,并促使腐蚀产物膜整齐致密.XRD分析结果表明,Q450NQR1钢随时间延长,腐蚀产物中的α-FeOOH含量不断增加,在48h后含量基本稳定,大量α-FeOOH促使了锈层更加致密稳定,从而提高了Q450NQR1试样的耐腐蚀能力.     

3Cr板耐蚀性能的研究

运用线性极化法(LPR)和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)对其电化学性能进行了测试,实验表明3Cr板极化电位和电化学阻抗均高于碳钢,同时通过腐蚀失重法,研究比较碳钢和3Cr钢在模拟塔里木油田环境中的CO2腐蚀行为,结果表明:在模拟CO2腐蚀环境中,3Cr钢的腐蚀速率为0.77 mm/a,碳钢腐蚀速率为1.31mm/a,碳钢腐蚀速率是3Cr钢的1.5倍多。     

D32海洋平台用钢在浪溅区腐蚀行为

通过极化实验和阻抗实验研究了D32海洋平台用钢在浪溅区的腐蚀规律,并利用扫描电镜和能量色散谱仪分析了各钢样的腐蚀产物. 结果表明,腐蚀产物的形貌成分和覆盖度的不同导致了模拟全浸区腐蚀速率稍大于钢样在海水中的腐蚀速率,模拟浪溅区腐蚀速率远大于模拟全浸区钢样腐蚀速率. 钢样在青岛海水、埕岛海水的全浸区和浪溅区的Nyquist图中出现的韦伯阻抗是由于表面形成的锈层及钙镁层所致.     

压力管道金属材料焊接接头的流动加速腐蚀性能

通过温度、压力、流速可控的流动加速腐蚀实验机,模拟某冷凝水管线工况,对20钢分别与20钢、Q345R钢和304不锈钢焊接接头的流动加速腐蚀性能进行研究。通过扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱仪(EDS)对腐蚀产物进行表征。结果表明:腐蚀速率从大到小依次为20钢-20钢、20钢-Q345R钢、20钢-304不锈钢;相对于20钢母材,3种焊接接头的腐蚀电流均变小,腐蚀电位均向正方向偏移,构成电偶腐蚀时加速了母材的腐蚀速度。在介质流动的状态下,20钢-20钢焊接接头腐蚀产物膜为柱状,20钢-Q345R钢焊接接头腐蚀产物膜为分层片状结构,20钢-304不锈钢焊接接头腐蚀产物为网状结构,其覆盖率从大到小依次为20钢-Q345R,20钢-304不锈钢,20钢-20钢。     

不同CO_2压力下形成的N80钢腐蚀产物膜特征

对N80钢在不同CO2压力下进行高温、高压腐蚀实验,根据失重法计算N80钢的腐蚀速率,利用扫描电镜观察腐蚀产物膜的微观形态,分析腐蚀产物膜的厚度和Ca元素含量,利用电化学阻抗谱和极化曲线法测试了腐蚀产物膜的电化学性能,并对腐蚀产物膜与基体间的剪切强度进行了测试.结果表明,随CO2压力增加,N80钢腐蚀速率增大;腐蚀产物膜晶粒尺寸基本不变,膜中微观缺陷数量逐渐增多;腐蚀产物膜电阻和反应电阻呈逐渐增加的趋势;腐蚀产物膜与N80钢基体结合的剪切强度下降,促进了N80钢的腐蚀.     

低碳贝氏体钢在三种典型环境中的腐蚀行为和腐蚀产物

通过干湿循环加速腐蚀实验并结合X射线衍射、扫描电镜、能谱分析和N2吸附等方法,研究了低碳贝氏体钢在用相应溶液模拟的三种大气环境(海洋、工业和海洋工业大气)中加速腐蚀行为和腐蚀产物特征.实验结果表明,低碳贝氏体钢在三种环境中的腐蚀速率均低于商业化耐候钢09CuPCrNi.低碳贝氏体钢在上述三种环境中的腐蚀速率也有较大差别,其在含有复合腐蚀因子(Cl-和SO32-)的环境中腐蚀最为严重,而在只含腐蚀因子SO32-的环境中腐蚀程度最轻.在不同环境中形成的腐蚀产物相组成差别很小,但锈层致密程度相差较大,并且锈层越致密,对应的钢腐蚀速率越低.在三种环境中的腐蚀对钢的拉伸力学性能的影响较小,说明没有产生严重的局部腐蚀.     

模拟泥沙海水冲刷环境下3C钢的腐蚀电化学行为

建立了实验室模拟海水冲刷腐蚀测试系统,采用极化阻力和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)等测试技术,研究了模拟实海流速冲刷环境下3C钢的腐蚀电化学行为以及流速和泥沙含量对3C钢腐蚀行为的影响.结果表明:在模拟实海流速≤0.80 m/s、泥沙质量分数≤1.50%o时,3C钢在无泥沙和含泥沙海水中的EIS特征都为单一容抗弧;腐蚀电位随着流速的增加而升高,极化阻力则随流速的增加而减小,说明流速的增加加速了3c钢的腐蚀;泥沙含量的增加增大了表面冲刷作用,导致3C钢的腐蚀速率略有增大.     

混凝土中钢筋的腐蚀机理与腐蚀速率控制研究

采用极化曲线和电化学阻抗谱法,研究了混凝土中钢筋在不同试验条件下的腐蚀机理及其腐蚀速率计算方法.结果表明:在自然腐蚀条件下,钢筋腐蚀反应过程受阳极反应控制,采用修正的双向线性极化电阻公式计算其腐蚀速率.然而在通电加速腐蚀条件下,钢筋的腐蚀反应过程受电化学和浓差极化混合控制,通过拟合弱极化曲线可以得到相对准确的极化电阻....     

新型2Cr1Mo2Ni钢在含二氧化碳油田采出液中的腐蚀行为

为弄清Mo和Ni元素在低Cr钢耐蚀方面所起的作用,炼制了新型2Cr1Mo2Ni钢,研究其在模拟油田采出液中的腐蚀行为,实验条件为80℃,0.8MPa CO2分压.利用扫描电镜和能谱分析研究了2Cr1Mo2Ni钢和3Cr钢的腐蚀产物膜微观形貌和成分,测试了高温高压极化曲线和电化学阻抗谱,分析了腐蚀产物膜的生长过程.实验结果表明,Mo和Ni元素在提高抗CO2腐蚀性能方面的作用不及Cr元素.2Cr1Mo2Ni钢腐蚀164h后,中低频感抗弧消失,腐蚀产物膜开始完全覆盖基体表面;腐蚀240h后,生成的腐蚀产物膜具有较好的保护性.     

混凝土模拟液中钢筋腐蚀电化学测试结果比较

为了研究电化学噪声(ENM)、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)和线性极化(LPR)3种方法对混凝土中钢筋锈蚀情况评价的可靠性,采用不同Cl-浓度的高碱性模拟液对钢筋进行浸泡,在钝化期和腐蚀期分别用3种方法测试了极化电阻,并分析了不同方法对腐蚀机理的表征.结果表明:3种方法得出的极化电阻值比较接近;当体系处于活化腐蚀状态时,ENM和LPR结果符合较好,EIS结果略小;当体系处于钝化状态时,EIS和LPR结果吻合,而ENM结果明显偏小;ENM和EIS对腐蚀机理的表征是一致的.3种方法对钢筋腐蚀的评价均具有较高的可靠性.     

Corrosion behavior and mechanism of the automotive hot-dip galvanized steel with alkaline mud adhesion

The corrosion behavior and mechanism of hot-dip galvanized steel and interstitial-free (IF) substrate with alkaline mud adhesion were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and linear polarization. The results show that non-uniform corrosion occurs on the galvanized steel and IF substrate during 250 h with the mud adhesion. The corrosion products on the galvanized steel are very loose and porous, which are mainly ZnO, Zn₅(OH)₈C₁₂·H₂O and Zn(OH)₂, and Fe-Zn alloy layer with a lower corrosion rate is exposed on the galvanized steel surface; however, the corrosion products on IF substrate are considerably harder and denser, whose compositions of rust are mainly FeOOH and Fe₃O₄, and several pits appear on their surface. The results of continuous EIS and linear polarization measurements exhibit a corrosion mechanism, that is, under activation control, the charge transfer resistances present different tendencies between the galvanized steel and IF substrate; in addition, the evolution of linear polarization resistances is similar to that of charge transfer resistances. The higher contents of dissolved oxygen and Cl- ions in the mud play an important role in accelerating the corrosion.     

pH值对Q235钢在模拟酸性土壤中腐蚀行为的影响

通过腐蚀失重计算、扫描电镜、X射线衍射方法、极化曲线分析等手段,研究了pH值对Q235钢在模拟酸性土壤中腐蚀行为的影响.在模拟酸性土壤环境中,Q235钢的腐蚀速率随土壤pH值升高而降低,经360 h腐蚀后,在pH值为4.0、4.5和5.1的土壤中试样的腐蚀速率分别为0.68、0.48和0.42 mm·a-1.随土壤pH值升高,Q235钢锈层更为致密,其表面蚀坑由窄深型发展变为宽浅型发展.腐蚀产物均为SiO2、α-FeOOH、γ-FeOOH、Fe2 O3及 Fe3 O4,随土壤 pH值升高,腐蚀产物中α-FeOOH/γ-FeOOH质量比升高.极化曲线分析表明,随土壤pH值升高,Q235钢腐蚀电位升高,自腐蚀电流密度降低,试样腐蚀速率减小.     

混凝土中钢筋腐蚀速率的基本理论模型

根据金属腐蚀极化理论推导了电化学极化控制和氧浓差极化控制2种条件下混凝土中钢筋腐蚀速率的基本理论模型。模型显示,电化学极化控制下,稳定腐蚀状态下能斯特扩散层以外孔隙液中Fe2+和OH- 的浓度对腐蚀速率的影响呈正指数关系,且影响随浓度降低而渐趋剧烈;温度对腐蚀速率有较大影响,约呈指数关系,在自然温度范围内,温度每升高10度,腐蚀速率约升高1倍;应力对腐蚀速率的影响接近正线性关系,对应力较低的普通钢筋影响较小,但对应力较高的预应力钢筋影响可观;氧浓差极化控制下,腐蚀速率与氧气在整个混凝土保护层内的等效扩散系数成正比,与混凝土保护层厚度及钢筋表面温度成反比。最终腐蚀速率取2个模型计算结果中的较小者。     

Short-term exposure of low-alloyed steels in Qinghai Salt Lake atmosphere

The rusts formed on carbon steel and weathering steel exposed in Qinghai Salt Lake atmosphere for 6 months were characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, infrared transmission spectroscopy （iRS）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, electron probe micro analyzer （EPMA） and electrochemical po- larization techniques. The two kinds of steels showed the similar corrosion rate, corrosion product composition and electrochemical polarization behavior. Their rusts were mainly composed of β-FeOOH, Fe8（O,OH）16Cl1.3 and a little γ-FeOOH. Cl^- played an important role during the corrosion process of low-alloyed steels. The alloyed elements Cr, Ni and Cu in weathering steel were detected in the rusts; however, they showed no remarkable protective ability.     

Influence of oxide scales on the corrosion behaviors of B510L hot-rolled steel strips

The influence of oxide scales on the corrosion behaviors of B510L hot-rolled steel strips was investigated in this study. Focused ion beams and scanning electron microscopy were used to observe the morphologies of oxide scales on the surface and cross sections of the hot-rolled steel. Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction were used for the phase analysis of the oxide scales and corrosion products. The corrosion potential and impedance were measured by anodic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. According to the results, oxide scales on the hot-rolled strips mainly comprise iron and iron oxides. The correlation between mass gain and test time follows a power exponential rule in the damp-heat test. The corrosion products are found to be mainly composed of γ-FeOOH, Fe₃O₄, α-FeOOH, and γ-Fe₂O₃. The contents of the corrosion products are different on the surfaces of the steels with and without oxide scales. The steel with oxide scales is found to show a higher corrosion resistance and lower corrosion rate.     

硫化氢质量浓度和温度对碳钢在NACE溶液中腐蚀行为的影响

采用动电位极化曲线和电化学阻抗谱等电化学实验方法以及扫描电镜和能谱等表面分析技术对20#碳钢在不同H2S质量浓度(0,95.61,103.22,224.16 mg.L-1)、不同温度(25,35,45℃)下的NACE溶液(含CO2)中腐蚀行为进行了研究,同时对该环境下腐蚀产物的形成机制进行了探讨.发现在含有CO2的NACE溶液中,加入少量H2S,能加剧碳钢腐蚀,加速阳极铁的溶解和阴极氢气的析出.随着H2S质量浓度的增加,腐蚀电流密度增大,碳钢腐蚀加剧.温度升高,腐蚀极化电阻变小,腐蚀也会加剧.腐蚀试样外层絮状腐蚀产物主要是铁碳化物,接近基体表面的腐蚀产物主要是铁硫化物.     

海洋软管铠装层用钢的海水腐蚀行为

通过浸泡实验研究了铠装层用钢在模拟海水环境下的腐蚀行为.实验结果表明,实验钢的微观组织由回火马氏体组成,同时在基体中观察到含铬的析出粒子;腐蚀速率随着腐蚀时间延长逐渐降低,最终实验腐蚀速率为0.068 9 mm·a~(-1).腐蚀行为分为三个阶段:快速下降阶段、平稳过渡阶段和缓慢下降阶段,试样表面的腐蚀产物主要为α-FeOOH,γ-FeOOH,Fe_3O_4,Fe_2O_3;随着腐蚀时间的增加,腐蚀产物结构更加密实且厚度更大,铬元素倾向于在腐蚀产物中聚集.     

Corrosion behavior of low alloy steels in a wet–dry acid humid environment

The corrosion behavior of corrosion resistant steel (CRS) in a simulated wet–dry acid humid environment was investigated and compared with carbon steel (CS) using corrosion loss, polarization curves, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron probe micro-analysis (EPMA), N₂ adsorption, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results show that the corrosion kinetics of both steels were closely related to the composition and compactness of the rust, and the electrochemical properties of rusted steel. Small amounts of Cu, Cr, and Ni in CRS increased the amount of amorphous phases and decreased the content of γ-FeOOH in the rust, resulting in higher compactness and electrochemical stability of the CRS rust. The elements Cu, Cr, and Ni were uniformly distributed in the CRS rust and formed CuFeO₂, Cu₂O, CrOOH, NiFe₂O₄, and Ni₂O₃, which enhanced the corrosion resistance of CRS in the wet–dry acid humid environment.     

X65MS钢在饱和H2S/CO2环境下的腐蚀产物研究

利用高温高压反应釜模拟酸性油气输送环境,研究X65MS管线钢在饱和H₂S/CO₂环境下的腐蚀行为.采用加速腐蚀实验法评测不同浸泡周期下的平均腐蚀速率.借助X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)和电子探针(EPMA)等测试技术,分析了不同实验周期下氧化产物膜层的物相组成、表面形貌和截面形貌.结果表明,根据平均腐蚀速率随时间变化曲线的走势与氧化膜层的结构特征,腐蚀过程分为三个阶段.腐蚀过程以H₂S腐蚀为主,氧化产物主要为硫铁化合物(Fe_○xS_○y).随着浸泡时间的增加,铁元素比例减小,富S相比例增大,腐蚀产物膜层厚度增加,结构由疏松逐渐变为均匀、致密,腐蚀产物顺序为马基诺矿(Mackinawite)→过渡相陨硫铁(Troilite)→磁黄铁矿(Pyrrhotite),稳定的磁黄铁矿对X65MS管线钢基体的耐蚀性起到保护作用.