人工神经网络在镀锌钢板点焊性能估测中的应用

将人工神经网络引入镀锌钢板点焊的质量预测中,将实验得到的大量点焊规范参数与相应点焊接头质量的试验数据提供给神经网络学习,通过其非线性映射的泛化能力自动抽取所学习知识的特征,描述点焊规范参数空间与焊点接头质量空间的映射关系。结果表明,学习后的神经网络的预测曲线能够合理地预测焊接电流对镀锌钢板点焊的焊点熔核直径与拉剪强度的影响规律,恰当地反映点焊的基本原理,说明人工神经网络在镀锌板点焊性能估测中的应用是可行的。     

镀锌钢激光焊接锌烧损研究

锌烧损是镀锌钢板激光焊接过程中的关键问题之一.本文通过测量焊后上下层锌烧损宽度、中间层锌的相对含量及腐蚀前后增重比,实验研究了激光搭接焊接工艺参数与焊接过程中光致等离子体谱线信息与锌烧损的相关性.研究结果表明:锌烧损的主要影响工艺因素主次顺序为焊接速度、激光功率、辅助气体流量和离焦量;锌的烧损量随着锌谱线Zn I 328.2nm和Zn I 330.3nm的平均强度的增大而增大;气孔因镀层锌的蒸发而产生,直径越大,局域锌元素含量越高.锌谱线强度可用于在线监测镀锌钢激光焊接时气孔的产生及锌烧损量的动态变化.     

某SUV车架横梁焊接匹配研究

针对某款SUV车架第5横梁上板与纵梁总成焊接过程搭接间隙过大问题,进行搭接面焊接匹配,得到匹配样件后进行三坐标扫描,利用CATIA软件逆向开发进行模块三维建模,Geomagic Qualify软件进行拟合,验证了结果的正确性。     

基于电弧声信号的CO2焊接状态模式识别

CO2气体保护焊接电弧声信号与焊接参数和电弧状态密切相关,但由于存在高度的复杂性和非线性性,难以直接用于焊接过程监控.在对不同保护气流量和焊炬高度下电弧声信号频谱分析的基础上,采用线性预测编码(LPC)方法建立其参数化模型,利用LPC预测系数和反射系数构造特征向量,通过样本训练分别建立了RBF神经网络和支持向量机(SVM)模型,进行CO2气体保护焊接下气流量和焊炬高度识别和分类.测试结果表明,电弧声LPC预测系数和反射系数作为输入向量训练的RBF网络或SVM模型均能一定程度上实现保护气流量和焊炬高度的正确识别。其中采用LPC反射系数时结果优于预测系数;SVM模型的分类能力明显优于RBF网络,且不随训练样本的减少急剧下降.     

Impulse Capacitor Discharge Welding of Hollow Structure Made of Nickel-Base Alloy

Future steam turbines will use hollow structures so that the turbine inlet temperature can be in- creased to improve the thermal efficiency. These hollow structures are made of the nickel-base alloy Nicro- fer 6025 HT and consist of a wire mesh between two cover sheets. The cover sheets can be joined to the wire mesh by capacitor discharge welding due to its extremely short welding duration. The goal of this re- search is to investigate suitable welding parameters so that the weld spots form in an optimum way to in- crease the tensile shear strength and reduce spattering. Tensile shear tests, three-point bending tests, and micrographs were used to judge the joint quality of structures made with various welding parameters. The results show that the best welds are obtained with a transmission ratio of 1:200, welding energy of 70% to 95%, and electrode force of 7 to 9 MPa.     

基于支持向量机的激光焊接过程质量监测

提出了一种基于支持向量机的激光焊接质量监测方法.在监测系统中,首先利用光、声传感器获取焊接过程产生的各种信号,然后利用Gabor变换提取出特征向量,最后利用支持向量机对数据进行融合以判断焊缝是否达到质量要求.实验结果验证该方法的分类正确率可达93%.     

马口铁激光焊接质量的实时光-声监测

针对激光小孔效应焊过程中等离子体辐射出特征光并伴随特征声的现象,提出了采用光声信号联合实时监测激光焊接质量的方案.分析了等离子体辐射光谱和等离子体波声谱,研究了待征光、声信号的变化规律,发现光、声信号强度与工艺参数及焊接质量间有良好的对应关系.据此研制成光-声联合监测试验装置,可用于马口铁激光焊接的实时监测.     

先进高强钢DP590焊缝的组织特征和力学性能改善

The effects of the welding current mode in resistance spot welding on the microstructure and mechanical properties of advanced high-strength steel dual-phase 590 (DP590) sheets were investigated. Results showed that a rough martensitic structure was formed in the weld zone of the sample welded via the single-pulsed mode, whereas the microstructure in the heat-affected zone consisted of a very rough martensitic microstructure and rough ferrite. However, using the secondary pulse mode led to the formation of tempered martensite in the weld zone. The maximum load and the energy absorption to failure of the samples with the secondary pulsed cycle were higher than those of the samples with the single-pulsed mode. Tensile shear results indicated that the secondary pulsed mode could significantly change the mode of failure upon shear tension testing. Therefore, the obtained results suggest that the use of secondary pulsed mode can improve the microstructural feature and mechanical properties of advanced high-strength steel DP590 welds.     

Improvement of the microstructural features and mechanical properties of advanced high-strength steel DP590 welds

The effects of the welding current mode in resistance spot welding on the microstructure and mechanical properties of advanced high-strength steel dual-phase 590(DP590) sheets were investigated. Results showed that a rough martensitic structure was formed in the weld zone of the sample welded via the single-pulsed mode, whereas the microstructure in the heat-affected zone consisted of a very rough martensitic microstructure and rough ferrite. However, using the secondary pulse mode led to the formation of tempered martensite in the weld zone.The maximum load and the energy absorption to failure of the samples with the secondary pulsed cycle were higher than those of the samples with the single-pulsed mode. Tensile shear results indicated that the secondary pulsed mode could significantly change the mode of failure upon shear tension testing. Therefore, the obtained results suggest that the use of secondary pulsed mode can improve the microstructural feature and mechanical properties of advanced high-strength steel DP590 welds.     

Ca对AZ31镁合金CO_2激光焊接接头组织和性能的影响

采用添加填充材料的CO2激光焊接工艺对AZ31镁合金薄板进行焊接,研究了不同Ca含量对焊缝金属的显微组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明:当激光功率为1 500W,焊接速度为3 m/min时,AZ31镁合金CO2激光焊接的焊缝金属中添加一定量的σCa0.19%元素,可以得到成分相对较均匀、组织细小的焊缝.当填充带材为AZC04(焊缝中Cσa=0.19%)时,焊缝区晶粒相对细小,析出相细小弥散,此时焊接接头的力学性能最优,焊接效率基本可达到100%.     

等离子焊接小孔效应的电弧电压信号检测

为在等离子焊接小孔效应下对焊缝的熔透质量进行实时控制 ,在不同类型的焊接电源和被焊材料条件下 ,研究了熔池小孔效应与等离子电弧电压信号的关系规律。根据电弧电压信号相对于其均值的偏差的大小及熔池穿孔和未穿孔状态下电弧电压幅频低频段信号的差异分别设计了两种算法 ,并对电弧电压信号的加工处理 ,分别得到了两种传感信号。设计了熔池穿孔与否双阈值判断准则 ,用以检测熔池小孔是否存在。该传感技术可适用于不同焊接电源和不同工件材质 ,为实时熔透质量自动控制提供了反馈信息     

低活化马氏体钢的TIG焊接试验研究

采钨极氩弧焊（TIG）焊接方法对低活化马氏体（CLAM）钢进行初步焊接试验,并对焊接试样的宏观形貌和微观结构进行观察分析,同时也对焊接试样的硬度进行了测试。结果显示,CLAM钢的焊接性能不太好,存在明显没有焊好的缝隙;焊缝的硬度大大高于热影响区和母材,热影响区的硬度最低。焊缝的显微组织是尺寸较大的板条马氏体,母材是尺寸较小的马氏体结构,热影响区的显微组织主要为等轴晶。     

焊接电弧声与飞溅的相关性研究

建立了计算机检测分析系统，对ＣＯ２焊接电弧声与飞溅的关系及影响飞溅的因素作了深入研究．结果发现了焊接飞溅与短路结束时电弧声能量及短路平均声能量成线性关系，从而提出用电弧声能量来表征焊接飞溅的新型传感方法．     

采用激光线光源的焊接坡口间隙视觉检测

针对生产过程中焊件的加工装配误差、焊件热变形等因素导致的焊接坡口间隙变化从而影响焊缝质量的问题,设计基于激光线性光源的焊接坡口间隙视觉检测系统.运用LabVIEW的Vision Builder AI 3.0图像处理模块对焊接坡口间隙变化进行实时测量,实现坡口间隙变化视觉信号的图像采集和检测.实验表明,焊接坡口的检测精度和实时性可以满足焊枪姿态、焊枪摆动角度和焊接过程中焊接规范的实时修正与控制要求.     

Influence of shielding gas on the mechanical and metallurgical properties of DP-GMA-welded 5083-H321 aluminum alloy

In the present research, 6-mm-thick 5083-H321 aluminum alloy was joined by the double-pulsed gas metal arc welding (DP-GMAW) process. The objective was to investigate the influence of the shielding gas composition on the microstructure and properties of GMA welds. A macrostructural study indicated that the addition of nitrogen and oxygen to the argon shielding gas resulted in better weld penetration. Furthermore, the tensile strength and bending strength of the welds were improved when oxygen and nitrogen (at concentrations as high as approximately 0.1vol%) were added to the shielding gas; however, these properties were adversely affected when the oxygen and nitrogen contents were increased further. This behavior was attributed to the formation of excessive brown and black oxide films on the bead surface, the formation of intermetallic compounds in the weld metal, and the formation of thicker oxide layers on the bead surface with increasing nitrogen and oxygen contents in the argon-based shielding gas. Analysis by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy revealed that most of these compounds are nitrides or oxides.     

带弹簧片高压转子连接螺栓组件焊接裂纹故障分析与改进验证

带弹簧片高压转子连接螺栓组件由D头螺栓和弹簧片激光熔焊组成,其因结构简单、设计精巧等原因,在国内外各型发动机上广泛使用。为彻底解决各型发动机带弹簧片高压转子连接螺栓组件焊接裂纹故障问题,以某型发动机故障件为基础,通过断口宏微分析、金相检查、焊接深度测量、温度场评估、材料选用分析、结构尺寸分析、有限元仿真计算、分解/装配过程分析等方法,对带弹簧片高压转子连接螺栓组件焊接裂纹故障进行全面的研究,最终定位了故障的根本原因：螺栓组件焊接深度不足且存在明显的焊接薄弱处;螺栓组件弹簧片因结构设计不合理,导致自锁螺母分解/装配过程中弹簧片承受不合理扭矩,当扭矩过大时,焊接薄弱处因应力超限而过载破坏。从结构设计、制造工艺等方面给出相应的改进措施,改进后的螺栓组件未再出现裂纹故障,证明了故障定位的准确性和改进措施的有效性。     

Effects of different friction stir welding conditions on the microstructure and mechanical properties of copper plates

Friction stir welding is a new and innovative welding method used to fuse materials. In this welding method, the heat generated by friction and plastic flow causes significant changes in the microstructure of the material, which leads to local changes in the mechanical properties of the weld. In this study, the effects of various welding parameters such as the rotational and traverse speeds of the tool on the microstructural and mechanical properties of copper plates were investigated; additionally, Charpy tests were performed on copper plates for the first time. Also, the effect of the number of welding passes on the aforementioned properties has not been investigated in previous studies. The results indicated that better welds with superior properties are produced when less heat is transferred to the workpiece during the welding process. It was also found that although the properties of the stir zone improved with an increasing number of weld passes, the properties of its weakest zone, the heat-affected zone, deteriorated.     

海底管线铺设焊接技术现状与发展趋势

介绍了最新海底管线铺设焊接技术的研究现状与发展趋势,比较了各种主要焊接方法的特点,其中熔化极气体保护全自动焊是广泛使用的海底管线铺设焊接技术,提高该技术生产效率的有效途径是采用多头多炬及窄间隙坡口;介绍了闪光对单极脉冲焊、光纤激光-电弧复合焊及非真空电子束焊等新型焊接方法.认为这些方法有望在未来海底管线铺设工程中得到应用并产生重要影响;基于网络和总线技术的计算机集成管线铺设焊接系统可望成为提高焊接生产率的重要途径.     

基于统计分析的铝合金点焊工艺优化与质量判定

采用多传感器同步采集系统实现了铝合金点焊质量监测.通过双因素方差分析优化并确定了铝合金点焊工艺规范.研究发现：位移传感器测量未熔合或未完全熔合焊点位移信号的极差比另外两类焊点低1.0 V左右;点焊电压信号、电极位移信号和电极压力信号包含明显的喷溅特征信息.进而利用统计分析可以实现点焊质量判定与分类.     

基于电弧声ARMA双谱分析对熔滴过渡类型SVM模式识别

运用电弧声对熔滴过渡模式进行识别,获取不同熔滴过渡的电弧声信号,利用ARMA双谱对不同熔滴过渡的电弧声进行分析,并提取其特征向量,采用支持向量机(SVM)方法对所获得的特征向量进行模式识别,由此成功地识别了各种熔滴过渡类型.