抗HBsAg单链Fab抗体基因酵母表达载体的构建

采用重叠PCR技术 ,以抗乙肝表面抗原 (HBsAg)IgG铰链区基因为Linker将Fab抗体基因的重链和轻链连接起来 ,构成单链Fab基因。通过测序鉴定 ,克隆的单链Fab基因与理论上的完全一致 ,并成功构建含完整单链Fab基因的毕赤酵母 (P pastoris)表达载体。     

乙肝表面抗原在分泌型毕赤酵母中的表达及纯化

目的对分泌型毕赤酵母中表达乙肝表面抗原并进行亲和层析纯化。方法从已确诊的乙肝患者阳性血清中提取乙肝病毒DNA,PCR扩增乙肝病毒表面抗原编码基因S,将其插入含有仅分泌信号肽序列和6个组氨酸纯化标签的毕赤酵母表达载体pPICZα,成功构建了重组表达载体pPICZα—HBVs。电转化酵母菌株GS115,得到重组乙肝表面抗原S的酵母表达菌株。结果诱导培养基BMMY中甲醇终浓度为1％,诱导表达48h重组蛋白表达量及抗原性达到最高。非变性条件下亲和层析纯化后,薄层扫描分析得到纯度超过95％,表达量约为2mg／L的重组蛋白。结论Western-blot和ELISA分析表明,所得产物为乙肝表面抗原S蛋白,其纯度和产量足以免疫小鼠制备单克隆抗体。     

鸡白细胞介素-2在毕赤酵母中的表达

将鸡白细胞介素-2(ChIL-2)基因插入酵母分泌型表达载体pPIC9K 构建重组表达载体pPIC9K/ChIL-2,通过电转化构建毕赤酵母(Pichia methanolica)GS115 甲醇利用型重组表达菌株.经SDS-PAGE与Western blot分析,证实ChIL-2基因在重组GS115中成功表达出约16 ku与14 ku两条特异性条带,这与天然ChIL-2相对分子质量大小一致,提示ChIL-2可能为糖基化蛋白质.     

重组人卵ZP3肽段在毕赤酵母中的表达

目的:用毕赤酵母(Pichia pastoris)表达人透明带hZP3片段,研究其抗生育作用.方法:设计特定引物从hZP3全长序列中PCR扩增794～1282nt基因片段,将扩增片段克隆到酵母表达载体pPICZα上, 构建成重组质粒pPICZα-hZP3CT,线性化后的重组质粒导入毕赤酵母中,筛选出高拷贝菌株,甲醇诱导目的蛋白表达.用SDS-PAGE 和Western blotting 分析表达产物.结果:成功构建酵母表达载体,并在酵母菌株X-33中诱导表达重组蛋白.重组蛋白可以与鼠抗重组人卵透明带hZP3融合肽段的抗血清发生特异结合,表明目的基因成功表达.结论:重组hZP3蛋白已在酵母中成功表达,目的蛋白能与相应的抗体结合.     

HBscFv毕赤酵母工程菌的中试发酵及产物纯化

中试规模生产可溶性重组人抗HBsAg单链抗体 (HBscFv) ,分泌表达HBscFv的巴氏毕赤酵母 (P .pastoris)工程菌在 30L发酵罐中进行补料分批培养 .上清中的HBscFv以离子交换及免疫亲和层析两步法进行纯化 .发现酵母工程菌经 7d补料分批培养后 ,6 0 0nm波长下的光密度值 (OD6 0 0 )达到 334,目的蛋白表达量为 2 6 0mg/L .纯化后 ,可获得纯度为95 %的HBscFv ,产量为 171mg/L .活性测定结果表明 ,HBscFv制品的比活性为 (2 5 2±0 17) μg- 1,与大肠杆菌来源的HBscFv无明显差异 .     

SARS-CoV刺突蛋白受体结合区的表达及高潜在中和性人源抗体的制备

为表达SARS-CoV刺突蛋白S(Spike)受体结合区(RBD)并从中筛选高潜在中和性人源抗体,我们用原核表达并纯化的SARS-CoVSRBD进行抗体库的筛选。从多个曾患SARS的健康人血中获得淋巴细胞,PCR扩增全部抗体基因,插入Pcomb3x载体中,构建抗SARS病毒人源噬菌体抗体库。利用噬菌体表面呈现技术,从中筛选结合SARS-CoVSRBD的人源抗体并用ELISA及Westernblot鉴定阳性克隆,竞争ELISA检测人源抗体阻断SARS-CoVSRBD与其受体ACE2的结合情况。结果为构建了库容量6.2×107的免疫Fab噬菌体抗体库,重组率为75%,从中筛选获得9株特异抗SARS-CoVSRBD的人源Fab抗体,ELISA及Westernblot检测均为阳性。其中有一株能阻断SARS-CoVSRBD与其受体ACE2的结合。本实验结果表明:人源抗SARS-CoVSRBD基因工程抗体的获得,一方面将对SARS疾病的特异性预防,治疗和诊断提供新的途径,同时也提示SARS-CoV亚单位疫苗可以用于SARS疾病的预防。     

过量表达XBP1对于重组CHO细胞中HBsAg分泌的影响

考察了过量表达CHO细胞的内源性XBP1(X-box binding protein 1)对于重组CHO细胞中乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg)分泌的影响。结果表明:XBP1无法改善DMSO作用下CHO细胞中HBsAg的分泌,但能促进DTT作用下的HBsAg的分泌。进一步研究发现,细胞在DTT作用下形成了内质网分泌压力,而在DMSO作用下,没有形成内质网分泌压力。由此推断在内质网成为分泌限制部位的情况下,XBP1能够促进HBsAg的分泌;而DMSO通过促进二硫键的形成促进了HBsAg在内质网中的分泌,使得分泌限制部位发生在分泌过程中的其他细胞器。     

重组人源性抗HBsAg单链抗体的纯化与性质鉴定

对大肠杆菌表达的人源性抗乙型肝炎表面抗原（HBsAg)单链抗体（scFv)进行了纯化研究，并对单链抗体活性及其结构进行了鉴定。大肠杆菌表达的单链抗体包涵体，用8mol/L尿素裂解，经过Ni离子螯合亲和层析和凝胶过滤两步纯化后，纯度（ω）达到97％以上，再通过透析复性除去尿素。经间接ELISA和竞争性ELISA证明，复性后的scFv具有与HBsAg结合的活性，而且对鼠源抗HBsAg单克隆抗体的抑制率可达40.3%，基质辅助激光解析飞行时间质谱（matrix assisted laser desorption ionization,MALDI-TOF-MS)的结果证明，重组的scFv分子量与理论值相符，肽质量图谱的结果证明重组单链抗体的一级结构与理论序列是完全相符的，并确定了scFv蛋白中二硫键的位置。     

人源抗HBsAg单链抗体与干扰素嵌合基因的构建及表达

采用重叠PCR技术，将人源性抗HBsAg单链抗体基因与干扰素γ基因用柔性肽段碱基连接成单一基因。序列测定结果表明，克隆的基因与理论上的一致，并将此基因成功构建到酵母表达载体pPICZa上，进而转化到巴斯德毕赤酵母(Pichia Pastoris)X33中。筛选出的菌落经甲醇诱导培养，对上清液进行SDS—PAGE和WESTERN BLOT分析，在42000处可见蛋白表达带，这为进一步纯化目的蛋白和提高目的蛋白表达水平奠定了基础。     

HBV包膜大蛋白、中蛋白和HBsAg疫苗免疫原性的比较

目的:检测HBV包膜大蛋白(L蛋白)、中蛋白(M蛋白)和HBsAg疫苗的免疫原性.方法:采用本实验室表达纯化得到的HBV包膜大蛋白、中蛋白与市售疫苗(主要成分为HBsAg),以2、10g剂量免疫家兔.ELISA检测抗HBsAg抗体滴度水平变化.结果:注射了L蛋白、M蛋白和HBsAg疫苗的家兔实验组产生的抗HBsAg抗体滴度水平有着非常明显的差别.注射了L蛋白、M蛋白的家兔在14d即可检测出抗HBsAg抗体,而注射HBsAg的家兔分别在21d和28d才能检测到抗HBsAg抗体.同时注射L蛋白实验组产生的抗HBsAg抗体滴度水平要比注射同剂量HBsAg实验组高出50%,并且注射2gL蛋白的实验组比注射10gHBsAg蛋白的实验组更快出现了抗HBsAg抗体,且抗体滴度水平更高.结论:L蛋白比M蛋白及市售疫苗的免疫原性强,不但产生抗体时间提前,而且滴度高,是新一代高效乙肝疫苗的优选蛋白.     

两段发酵法培养重组酿酒酵母生产乙肝表面抗原

通过具有选择性压力合成培养基的使用和大豆蛋白胨的补加,建立了两段法重组酿酒酵母表达乙肝表面抗原的发酵生产工艺,使总的抗原表达量比原始批培养提高了25%,单位菌体抗原表达量提高了68%。对合成培养基和过程进行了优化,降低了生产成本,使两段发酵法更适合于实际生产。通过测定发酵过程中质粒的稳定性,证明抗原产量的提高是由于质粒稳定性提高所致。     

The three-dimensional structure of an intact monoclonal antibody for canine lymphoma.

Crystal structures of Fab antibody fragments determined by X-ray diffraction characteristically feature four-domain, beta-barrel arrangements. A human antibody Fc fragment has also been found to have four beta-barrel domains. The structures of a few intact antibodies have been solved: in two myeloma proteins, the flexible hinge regions that connect the Fc to the Fab segments were deleted so the molecules were non-functional, structurally restrained, T-shaped antibodies; a third antibody, Kol, had no hinge residues missing but the Fc region was sufficiently disordered that it was not possible to relate its disposition accurately with respect to the Fab components. Here we report the structure at 3.5 A resolution of an IgG2a antitumour monoclonal antibody which contains an intact hinge region and was solved in a triclinic crystal by molecular replacement using known Fc and Fab fragments. The antibody is asymmetric, reflecting its dynamic character. There are two local, apparently independent, dyads in the molecule. One relates the heavy chains in the Fc, the other relates the constant domains of the Fabs. The variable domains are not related by this 2-fold axis because of the different Fab elbow angles of 159 degrees and 143 degrees. The Fc has assumed an asymmetric, oblique orientation with respect to loosely tethered yet almost collinear Fabs. Our study enables the two antigen-binding segments as well as the Fc portion of a functional molecule to be visualized and illustrates the flexibility of these immune response proteins.     

Enhancing cellular immune response to HBV M DNA vaccine in mice by codelivery of interleukin-18 recombinant

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of interleukin-18 (IL-18) on immune response induced by plasmid encoding hepatitis B virus middle protein antigen and to explore new strategies for prophylactic and therapeutic HBV DNA vaccines. METHODS: BALB/c mice were immunized with pCMV-M alone or co-immunized with pcDNA3-18 and pCMV-M and then their sera were collected for analysing anti-HBsAg antibody by ELISA; splenocytes were isolated for detecting specific CTL response and cytokine assay in vitro. RESULTS: The anti-HBs antibody level of mice co-immunized with pcDNA3-18 and pCMV-M was slightly higher than that of mice immunized with pCMV-M alone, but there was not significantly different (P>0.05). Compared with mice injected with pCMV-M, the specific CTL cytotoxity activity of mice immunized with pcDNA3-18 and pCMV-M was significantly enhanced (P<0.05) and the level of IFN-Gamma in supernatant of splenocytes cul-tured with HBsAg in vitro was significantly elevated (P<0.05) while the level of IL-4 had no significant difference (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: The plasmid encoding IL-18 together with HBV M gene DNA vaccines may enhance specific TH1 cells and CTL cellular immune response induced in mice, so that IL-18 is a promising immune adjuvant.     

HIV-1和HBV复合型DNA免疫的初步研究

近年的研究表明,在啮齿类和非人灵长类免疫带有编码病毒和细菌抗原基因的质粒ＤＮＡ可以激发体液和细胞免疫应答．在本实验中,将ＨＢＶ的Ｓ基因和ＨＩＶ－１的ｇｐ１６０基因以融合形式插入到载体ｐｃＤＮＡ３中,其能表达ＨＢｓＡｇ和ｇｐ１６０的融合蛋白,并将此质粒ＤＮＡ分别直接注射到Ｂａｌｂ／ｃ小鼠和Ｓｗｉｓ小鼠．三次免疫后,用ＥＬＩＳＡ的方法初步检测ＨＢｓＡｇ和ｇｐ１６０抗原特异的抗体免疫应答均为阳性．结果说明,带有ＨＢＶ和ＨＩＶ－１融合基因的质粒ＤＮＡ直接免疫小鼠后,均激发了小鼠产生相应的免疫应答反应,这个结果为研究和生产多价疫苗提供了新的思路     

Antibodies inhibit prion propagation and clear cell cultures of prion infectivity

Prions are the transmissible pathogenic agents responsible for diseases such as scrapie and bovine spongiform encephalopathy. In the favoured model of prion replication, direct interaction between the pathogenic prion protein (PrPSc) template and endogenous cellular prion protein (PrPC) is proposed to drive the formation of nascent infectious prions. Reagents specifically binding either prion-protein conformer may interrupt prion production by inhibiting this interaction. We examined the ability of several recombinant antibody antigen-binding fragments (Fabs) to inhibit prion propagation in cultured mouse neuroblastoma cells (ScN2a) infected with PrPSc. Here we show that antibodies binding cell-surface PrPC inhibit PrPSc formation in a dose-dependent manner. In cells treated with the most potent antibody, Fab D18, prion replication is abolished and pre-existing PrPSc is rapidly cleared, suggesting that this antibody may cure established infection. The potent activity of Fab D18 is associated with its ability to better recognize the total population of PrPC molecules on the cell surface, and with the location of its epitope on PrPC. Our observations support the use of antibodies in the prevention and treatment of prion diseases and identify a region of PrPC for drug targeting.     

治疗性乙型肝炎疫苗研究反思

 “治疗性乙肝疫苗”是以乙肝病毒(HBV)的表面抗原(s抗原)为基础的生物制剂,目的是激发抗s抗原免疫反应,终止HBV慢性感染.HBV的e抗原与s抗原无抗原性关联,对e抗原的反应也与病毒及感染细胞的清除无关,因此以II期临床试验者血清有关病毒e抗原的数据结果,尚不能判断“治疗性乙肝疫苗”是否有效.疫苗的应用是抵御病毒入侵,而治疗性乙肝疫苗是在病毒已经进入人体后应用,在患者肝细胞可能广泛受累的情况下,疫苗一旦打破耐受激发抗s抗原免疫反应,除能清除血清中游离的病毒和s抗原颗粒外,将直接攻击被感染的肝细胞.由于无法估计慢性HBV感染者肝细胞感染程度,所以无法推测免疫反应发生后,免疫病理所致的肝损程度以及相应的风险.在应用上隐含如此风险,是“治疗性乙肝疫苗”走不出实验室的重要因素之一.     

Human hepatitis B vaccine from recombinant yeast

The worldwide importance of human hepatitis B virus infection and the toll it takes in chronic liver disease, cirrhosis and hepatocarcinoma, make it imperative that a vaccine be developed for worldwide application. Human hepatitis B vaccines are presently prepared using hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) that is purified from the plasma of human carriers of hepatitis B virus infection. The preparation of hepatitis B vaccine from a human source is restricted by the available supply of infected human plasma and by the need to apply stringent processes that purify the antigen and render it free of infectious hepatitis B virus and other possible living agents that might be present in the plasma. Joint efforts between our laboratories and those of Drs W. Rutter and B. Hall led to the preparation of vectors carrying the DNA sequence for HBsAg and antigen expression in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Here we describe the development of hepatitis B vaccine of yeast cell origin. HBsAg of subtype adw was produced in recombinant yeast cell culture, and the purified antigen in alum formulation stimulated production of antibody in mice, grivet monkeys and chimpanzees. Vaccinated chimpanzees were totally protected when challenged intravenously with either homologous or heterologous subtype adr and ayw virus of human serum source. This is the first example of a vaccine produced from recombinant cells which is effective against a human viral infection.     

乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)DNA免疫的初步研究

用聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）扩增了编码ＨＢＶｓＡｇ的基因序列,将其插入到ｐｃＤＮＡ３载体中,位于人巨细胞病毒（ＣＭＶ）早期启动子下游．重组质粒ｐｃＤＮＡ３－ｓＡｇ转染细胞后检测到ＨＢｓＡｇ表达．用纯化后的重组质粒直接注射到ＢＡＬＢ／Ｃ小鼠骨骼肌内,诱发实验小鼠产生了抗ＨＢｓＡｇ特异性抗体．ＰＣＲ扩增未检测到注射部位及肝脏细胞染色体中有外源ＨＢＶＤＮＡ整合     

Localization of VP4 neutralization sites in rotavirus by three-dimensional cryo-electron microscopy

Three-dimensional structures of several spherical viruses have been determined by electron microscopy and X-ray crystallography. We report here the first three-dimensional structure of the complex between an intact virus and Fab fragments of a neutralizing monoclonal antibody. The antibody is against VP4, one of the two outer capsid proteins of rotaviruses. These large icosahedral viruses cause gastroenteritis in children and young animals and account for over a million human deaths annually. VP4 in these viruses has been implicated in several important functions such as cell penetration, haemagglutination, neutralization and virulence. Here we demonstrate that the surface spikes on rotavirus particles are made up of VP4. Antigenic sites are located near the distal ends of the spikes and two Fab fragments bind to each of the sixty spikes. The mass of the spike indicates that it is a dimer of VP4. The bilobed structure at the distal end of the spike may be involved in both the attachment to the cell and in viral penetration. A novel feature in the virus-Fab complex is the structural difference between the two chemically equivalent Fab fragments on each spike, which could be indicative of variations in the Fab elbow angles.