一种用于锁相环的正反馈互补型电荷泵电路

给出了一种新型的互补型电荷泵电路．采用正反馈技术，电路由CSMC1．2μm CMOS工艺实现，可工作在2V的低电压下．Spectre仿真结果显示，电荷泵的工作频率为100MHz时，功耗为0．08mW，输出信号的电压范围宽(0～2V)，电路速度快，波形平滑，抖动小，在不增加电路功耗的前提下消除了传统电荷泵电路的电压跳变现象．该电荷泵电路可以很好地应用于低电源电压、高频锁相环电路．     

锁相环中低电流失配电荷泵的设计

提出了一种应用于低供电电压低相位噪声锁相环系统的低电流失配的电荷泵电路。仿真结果表明，输出电压0．4V～1．3V范围内。电荷泵上下电流失配小于1％，满足低供电电压锁相环系统对电荷泵的要求。电路采用中芯国际0．18μm标准数字工艺参数仿真。     

一种可用于高性能锁相环的CMOS电荷泵

文章提出了一种可用于高性能锁相环的CMOS电荷泵,电路采用电流舵技术来缩短切换时间,通过降低差分对管栅电压的变化速率,显著地减小了毛刺,使输出电流波形更平滑、输出电压谐波分量更低,该电路同时还消除了死区现象;最后用CMOS电荷泵与一种典型电荷泵作仿真结果对比,突出了CMOS电路的优点。     

恒定、匹配的大电流输出电荷泵电路

用TSMC 0.18μm CMOS工艺设计了一种应用于5 GHz锁相环型频率合成器中的电荷泵电路.该电路运用单位增益运放电路和自偏置共源共栅电流源电路实现了充放电流的高度匹配.充分利用单位增益运放电路减小电荷泵输出端的电荷共享现象,使电荷泵电路结构较简单并减小了功耗.Spectre后仿真表明,在电源1.8 V、输出电压0.5-1.3 V,充放电流失配率小于0.8%,电流绝对值偏移率小于0.6%,最大功耗8.53 mW.     

一种应用于射频接收机的电流舵电荷泵设计

电荷泵锁相环(charge pump phase-locked loop, CPPLL)作为频率合成器(frequency synthesizer, FS),广泛应用于接收机中来提供低杂散、低噪声、高频谱纯度的本振(local oscillator, LO)信号。电荷泵(charge pump, CP)作为关键模块之一,其存在的非理想效应以及失配会带来更高相位噪声影响锁相环(phase-locked loop, PLL)频率综合器输出本振的频谱纯度。基于台积电(Taiwan semiconductor manufacturing company,TSMC ) 0.18 μm CMOS工艺,采用电流舵电荷泵结构并加入泄漏电流模块设计了一款低电流失配率、低相位噪声的电荷泵电路,较好地克服了传统电荷泵所存在的非理想效应,使整个电荷泵电路的相位噪声保持在较低的水平。利用Cadence Spectre对电荷泵的整体性能进行仿真。仿真结果表明,供电电压为1.8 V时,电荷泵电流为31.71 μA,最大相位噪声为-230 dBc/Hz,在0.4~1.4 V输出电压范围内最大电流失配率仅有0.22%。     

一种电流求和型的低功耗Bandgap电压基准源

为满足标准P阱CMOS工艺要求 ,设计了一种新的电流求和型Bandgap电压基准电路 ,实现了相对于地的稳定电压输出 ,并且能提供多电压基准输出 .电路采用 0 6μmUMCP阱CMOS工艺验证 ,HSPICE模拟结果表明 :电路输出基准电压为 80 0mV ;在 - 40～ 85℃的温度变化范围内 ,电路温度系数仅为 1 4× 1 0 -6/℃ ;电源电压为 3 5V时 ,电路功耗低 ,消耗电流仅为 1 5 μA .该电路不需改变现有工艺 ,输出灵活 ,有望在多基准电压的低功耗系统中获得较广泛的应用     

一个1.2 V用于超宽带收发器的低抖动锁相环

设计了一款应用于超宽带无线收发器中的低抖动、低功耗、多相位输出、输出频率为528MHz和132 MHz的锁相环,包括了高频特性好的鉴频鉴相器、低电压抗抖动的电荷泵、经典的低电压对称负载差分延迟单元以及duty-buffer的双转单电路等.设计采用SMIC 0.13μm CMOS工艺,电源电压1.2 V.对电路进行了电路级仿真和系统级稳定性分析,并完成了版图设计和后仿.根据后仿结果,在TT@75℃、振荡频率为528 MHz情况下,周期抖动的p2p值为1 ps,功耗仅为4 mW.     

锁相环高性能电荷泵电路的设计

设计了一种新型电荷泵电路,该电路采用了差分反相器,可工作在2 V的低电压下,具有速度快、波形平滑、结构简单、功耗低等特点.HSpice仿真结果显示,电荷泵的工作频率为10 MHz时,功耗仅为0.1 mW,输出信号的电压范围宽(0~2 V).该电路可广泛应用于差分低功耗锁相环电路中.     

1.8 V千兆以太网收发器低抖动时钟电路

采用新型的高速鉴频鉴相器(TSPC)、典型的抗抖动的电荷泵和对称负载差分延迟单元,设计了0.18 μm标准CMOS工艺、1.8 V工作电压的锁相环,经过系统稳定性验证和spice仿真,125 MHz的最大时钟输出在(75℃@TT)情况下,具有±3σ=70 ps左右的long-term低抖动.同时,在3种不同工艺下施加0.1 Vpeak-peak正弦电源噪声时,对电路的工作情况进行了仿真,均能很好满足电路设计的要求(对于1000 Base-T,Δt=8 ns/16=500 ps,根据时钟恢复算法的仿真,较严格peak-peak抖动要求约为(2%～3%)×baud=160～240 ps).     

一种高速低相位噪声锁相环的设计

设计了一种1．8V、SMIC0．18μm工艺的低噪声高速锁相环电路．通过采用环行压控振荡器,节省了芯片面积和成本．通过采用差分对输入形式的延时单元,很好地抑制了电源噪声．与传统的简单差分对反相器延时单元相比,该结构通过采用钳位管和正反馈管,实现了输出节点电位的快速转变,整个电路芯片测试结果表明：在输入参考频率为20MHz、电荷泵电流为40μA、带宽为100kHz时,该锁相环可稳定输出频率为7971MHz—1．272GHz的时钟信号,且在中心频率500kHz频编处相位噪声可减小至-94．3dBc／Hz。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

英文诗歌中的喻类修辞

为了有助于提高英文爱好者的个人情操、文化素养和学习兴趣,以及专业人员对英语学习和研究进行多途径的探索,本文通过一些精选诗歌的引证和分析,着重论述了喻类修辞法在英文诗歌中的运用其及效果。     

Man Is Unable to Change the Miserable Life——Analysis of the Arrangement of Four Characters in The Glass Menagerie

Tennessee Williams is considered as one of the most important American playwrights since World War II.The Glass Menagerie is his first successful drama,which describes a tragic situation of family and means to say that Man is unable to change the miserable life,no matter whatever means he try,This essay focuses on the analysis of the arrangement of the four main characters:Laura.Amanda,Jim and Tom to reveal the theme.Laura is fragile.Amanda is brave.Jim is vital.Tom is sensible.And all of them develop and try the different means to struggle against life,but fail tragically.With the evidence,the paper comes to conclusion naturally that Man is unable to change the miserable life,and he dooms to fail.     

Characterization of root-nodulating bacteria on Retama raetam in arid Tunisian soils

The aim of this study is to investigate the diversity of Retama raetam root-nodule bacteria isolated from arid regions of Tunisia. Twelve isolates, chosen as representative for different 16S rRNA gene patterns, were characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phenotypic analysis. Isolates were assigned to Sinorhizobium, Rhizobium and Agrobacterium. Symbiotic properties of Sinorhizobium and Rhizobium isolates showed a large diversity in their capacity to infect their host plant and fix atmospheric nitrogen. Strain RK 22 identified as Rhizobium was the most effective isolate.     

An Affordable Accurate Evaluation of the Binding Conformations Predicted by Molecular Docking Studies in Bio-System

正Recently,docking has been widely used to predict the binding-modes of protein-inhibitors,when the crystal complexes structure was absent.Most docking algorithms are able to generate a large number of probable conformations,it,however,is difficult to effectively evaluate these docking poses and identify the most reasonable bindingmode.In the present study,on the basis of the crystallographic data of human 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme     

WIMAX与WI-FI技术分析及联合组网

介绍了WiMAX与Wi-Fi两种无线宽带接入技术,并对两者之间的关系及相互之间的影响做了对比及分析,并对WiMAX的关键技术进行了详细说明,最后对两者的联合组网方式做了简单的探讨。