手性蜂窝夹芯概念发动机罩行人头部保护性能仿真

为了减小汽车事故中的行人头部损伤,提出了一种具有四韧带手性蜂窝芯体的夹芯吸能式发动机罩概念设计.建立了头型冲击器、四韧带手性蜂窝以及传统六边形蜂窝夹芯的吸能式发动机罩有限元模型,仿真对比了两种机罩对行人头部的保护性能.结果表明:与六边形蜂窝相比,四韧带手性蜂窝夹芯机罩能更有效地减小行人头部碰撞损伤.建立的四韧带手性蜂窝夹芯吸能式发动机罩,可以为汽车事故中用于行人头部保护的新型吸能发动机罩设计提供参考.     

泡沫铝层合结构汽车发动机罩板研究

为了提高汽车的节能性、安全性,文章以某汽车发动机罩板为设计原型,以轻量化和刚度满足要求为约束条件,设计了泡沫铝层合结构汽车发动机罩板;利用有限元仿真分析方法对2种结构汽车发动机罩板的静态性能及其与行人头部碰撞保护性进行了分析。结果表明,泡沫铝层合结构汽车发动机罩板不仅可以实现汽车轻量化,达到节能减排的目的,而且还可提高汽车发动机罩板的静态性能及与行人碰撞的安全性。     

基于行人落地碰撞的车辆前部结构参数分析

在行人-车辆碰撞事故中,行人头部损伤不仅源于行人与车辆的一次碰撞,而且还有与地面的二次碰撞.为了综合分析车辆前部结构参数对一、二次碰撞中行人运动学及头部损伤的影响,本文在MADYMO中对车辆前部结构(挡风玻璃角度(WA)、发动机罩角度(BA)、发动机罩长度(BL)、发动机罩前沿高度(BLEH)和离地间隙(GC))进行参数调整,构建一系列行人-车辆碰撞多体模型,并采用多元线性回归方法分析车辆参数对行人运动学和头部损伤的影响.结果表明,一、二次碰撞中,BLEH对行人头部HIC值(车)和行人旋转角度的影响均最为显著(p0.01),BA对头部角加速度(车)的影响较BLEH更为显著,WA、BL和GC对行人运动学与损伤的影响均较小.较低的BLEH对一次碰撞中行人头部的保护更好,但BLEH过低易导致二次碰撞中行人头部首先与地面碰撞,这会增大头颈部的损伤风险.本文定量分析了车辆前部结构参数对行人一、二次碰撞的影响,研究结果可为车辆安全性设计提供理论参考.     

基于行人头部保护的某SUV发动机罩模态分析

对某SUV发动机罩优化前后进行了NVH模态性能研究.建立了车型发动机罩有限元模型,利用NASTRAN软件对车型发动机罩进行了前6阶模态分析,计算结果表明,优化后的发动机罩在满足EuroNCAP行人头部保护性能的前提下能够同时兼顾NVH模态性能,从而为开发以EuroNCAP五星行人头部保护为目标的车型提供改进与评价参考.     

头部撞击发动机罩板的力学响应分析

利用有限元分析软件ABAQUS建立了行人头部和发动机罩板的有限元模型,分析了其碰撞过程中的生物力学响应,并对其结果进行了讨论,得出了影响头部生物损伤的各种因素,为加强行人安全以及汽车安全性问题提供了参考.     

汽车车身碰撞性能的有限元仿真与改进

在碰撞仿真理论的指导下，以某型号小客车为研究对象，建立了整车正面碰撞有限元模型，并按照国家汽车安全法规CMVDR294的要求进行了整车正面碰撞试验的数值仿真，结果显示，与试验结果取得了较好的一致。根据仿真计算结果，对发动机罩及其铰链进行结构和材料两方面的改进设计，改善了发动机罩的变形吸能模式，在此基础上，为了更全面评价整车结构的耐撞性能，建立了整车偏置碰撞有限元模型，进行了偏置碰撞的数值模拟分析，计算了车身变形及其吸能特性。根据仿真计算结果，对前纵梁和前轮罩进行结构改进设计，提高了其吸能能力。     

面向轻量化的车身高强度钢覆盖件刚度仿真

基于壳体有限元理论,在满足车身设计规范前提下,进行车身外覆盖件轻量化定量仿真研究.以发动机罩板为对象,根据车身结构安全性能要求,建立抗弯和抗扭刚度仿真模型.以ST14传统钢板材料仿真结果为比较基准,进行以BH340高强度烘烤硬化钢板为替代材料的发动机罩板轻量化开发.结果表明:在满足车身刚度设计规范前提下,该方案能实现发动机罩板减重14.28%,满足轻量化设计要求.     

行人膝关节损伤的计算机仿真研究

参照某量产车型建立汽车模型,采用具有较好生物逼真度的多刚体行人模型,建立了汽车与行人碰撞的系统仿真模型.通过改变汽车保险杠、发动机罩等前部结构参数,研究了其对行人膝关节损伤参数的影响,分析了行人腿部与不同前部结构参数的汽车相碰撞的受力特点.提出了适当降低保险杠及发动机罩前端的高度、使汽车前部结构接近流线型、加宽保险杠前端面上下之间的作用宽度等改进汽车前部结构特性的主要措施.     

轿车与儿童行人碰撞事故重建研究

结舍MADYMO和PC-CRASH仿真分析软件重现了长沙地区一起汽车与12岁儿童行人碰撞事故的动力学响应过程.首先,根据事故现场采集的详细数据,利用PC-CRASH分析得到了与事故数据最吻合的碰撞参数;然后根据这些参数定义了MADYMO模型的边界和初始条件.建立了肇事车辆的多刚体(MBS-FACET)和有限元(FE)2种数学模型,应用MADYMO软件中的SCALER模块计算得到12岁儿童行人模型.通过仿真计算得到儿童行人与车辆碰撞的动态响应过程以及头部损伤的相关物理参数.结果表明,2种仿真模型均很好地重现了事故中行人的整个运动过程及头部碰撞情形,仿真计算得到的头部生物力学响应参数与儿童行人损伤诊断结果吻合较好.     

发动机罩气囊在人车碰撞事故中对行人的保护作用

为了减少人车碰撞事故中的行人损伤,在汽车前端设置发动机罩安全气囊。通过LS-DYNA软件对有无发动机罩气囊两种条件下的人车碰撞进行模拟仿真,对假人身体主要部位损伤结果进行对比分析。研究发现,有发动机罩气囊比无发动机罩气囊碰撞条件下假人头部损伤值HIC降低到838,颈部最大剪切力及最大弯矩分别降低40.60%和52.8%,胸部最大压缩量降低4.08%,以上结果表明发动机罩气囊能够有效地降低行人损伤。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

英文诗歌中的喻类修辞

为了有助于提高英文爱好者的个人情操、文化素养和学习兴趣,以及专业人员对英语学习和研究进行多途径的探索,本文通过一些精选诗歌的引证和分析,着重论述了喻类修辞法在英文诗歌中的运用其及效果。     

Man Is Unable to Change the Miserable Life——Analysis of the Arrangement of Four Characters in The Glass Menagerie

Tennessee Williams is considered as one of the most important American playwrights since World War II.The Glass Menagerie is his first successful drama,which describes a tragic situation of family and means to say that Man is unable to change the miserable life,no matter whatever means he try,This essay focuses on the analysis of the arrangement of the four main characters:Laura.Amanda,Jim and Tom to reveal the theme.Laura is fragile.Amanda is brave.Jim is vital.Tom is sensible.And all of them develop and try the different means to struggle against life,but fail tragically.With the evidence,the paper comes to conclusion naturally that Man is unable to change the miserable life,and he dooms to fail.     

Characterization of root-nodulating bacteria on Retama raetam in arid Tunisian soils

The aim of this study is to investigate the diversity of Retama raetam root-nodule bacteria isolated from arid regions of Tunisia. Twelve isolates, chosen as representative for different 16S rRNA gene patterns, were characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phenotypic analysis. Isolates were assigned to Sinorhizobium, Rhizobium and Agrobacterium. Symbiotic properties of Sinorhizobium and Rhizobium isolates showed a large diversity in their capacity to infect their host plant and fix atmospheric nitrogen. Strain RK 22 identified as Rhizobium was the most effective isolate.     

Features of Women''s language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Affordable Accurate Evaluation of the Binding Conformations Predicted by Molecular Docking Studies in Bio-System

正Recently,docking has been widely used to predict the binding-modes of protein-inhibitors,when the crystal complexes structure was absent.Most docking algorithms are able to generate a large number of probable conformations,it,however,is difficult to effectively evaluate these docking poses and identify the most reasonable bindingmode.In the present study,on the basis of the crystallographic data of human 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme