考虑纵横耦合变形的土工格室加筋体变形分析

针对土工格室加筋体的受力变形特点,将其视为小挠度弹性圆薄板,考虑土工格室与桩土加固区的变形协调、土工格室垫层耦合的水平与竖直变形以及上下界面的摩阻效应,建立此轴对称条件下薄板的挠曲变形控制微分方程,利用Bessel复变函数构造竖向及水平位移解析表达式,从而得出双向增强复合地基网下桩土应力比、沉降及桩土差异沉降的计算公式.采用某工程试验结果对该计算方法进行了验证,证明本文计算方法的合理性.参数分析表明:在一定范围内改变加筋体的复合弹性模量、桩土刚度比、上下界面摩阻系数比等因素可以起到调节双向增强复合地基网下桩土应力比和降低格室体沉降的作用.     

筋箍碎石桩复合地基桩土应力比的计算与分析

针对筋箍碎石桩复合地基的受力变形特点,考虑桩-土的初始应力状态,假定桩为具有恒定剪胀角的弹塑性体,且满足摩尔库伦屈服准则与非关联流动法则,土体和加筋体为线弹性材料,考虑桩-筋材-土三者间相互作用,导得了筋箍碎石桩复合地基桩土应力比计算新公式.为验证本文计算公式的可行性,将本文方法计算结果与弹塑性极限分析方法结果进行对比分析,两者吻合良好.在此基础上,分析探讨了筋材刚度、桩周土变形模量、面积置换率等因素对筋箍碎石桩复合地基桩土应力比的影响.分析结果表明:筋材刚度是桩土应力比的主要影响因素,桩土应力比随筋材刚度、面积置换率、桩体内摩擦角的增大而增大,随着桩周土变形模量和桩体剪胀角的增大而减小.     

基于有限元的桩体承载环境对复合地基性能影响分析

基于有限单元法,创新地建立了可以考虑刚性桩和砂井联合处理复合地基模型,分析了有无排水和有无桩帽等不同桩体工作环境下处理后复合地基的性能.结果表明:袋装砂井的存在可以有效改善地基固结效率,减小工后沉降;刚性桩对于地基沉降控制更为显著;桩帽的存在可以有效带动表层土协同作用,降低桩土应力比,从而减小路基的不均匀沉降.     

双向增强体复合地基桩土应力比分析

分析了双向增强体复合地基中筋材-桩-桩间土协同作用机理,利用圆弧线模拟筋材的挠曲变形,假设桩间土为理想弹塑性体,通过对筋材、桩体和桩间土进行力学分析,推导出了双向增强体复合地基桩土应力比的一种解析解和筋材挠曲变形的计算公式.结合算例和现场试验结果分析了桩土应力比和筋材挠曲变形的影响因素及其变化规律,算例分析结果说明该计算方法是合理的,可为工程实际提供理论参考.     

钢管桩与砂桩多元复合地基室内模型试验

通过自行研发的试验装置,对钢管桩与砂桩多元复合地基进行一系列室内模型试验,得到其工作性状:钢管桩与砂桩多元复合地基的荷载沉降曲线特征,钢管桩、砂桩和土的应力特点,桩土应力比特点,各种桩和土的荷载分担比曲线特征.研究表明:本室内静载试验模型虽然不能完全模拟现场钢管桩与砂桩多元复合地基的工作性状,但从定性上分析钢管桩与砂桩多元复合地基的工作性状是可行的.从试验结果可见:当处理粉细砂类土时,钢管桩与砂桩多元复合地基明显优于砂桩复合地基.     

基于厚壁圆筒模型的筋箍碎石桩沉降计算

为解决现有方法难以考虑加筋材料实际受力状态而低估筋箍碎石桩复合地基沉降的问题,假设桩土等应变且均为线弹性材料,选取单桩有效加固单元整体作为分析对象,其中碎石桩同时受到加筋材料和土环的约束作用,而土环则可以考虑为同时受到单桩有效加固范围外土体的静止土压力和内部碎石桩鼓胀压力共同作用的厚壁圆筒,再结合广义胡克定律得到应力应变关系,进而导出了筋箍碎石桩复合地基沉降计算的新方法.采用工程实例验证并与已有方法进行比较,同时分析了外荷载水平、置换率对复合地基总沉降和桩土应力比的影响.与已有方法相比,该方法可以使上部荷载和筋箍碎石桩侧向受力变形联动进而调整加筋材料内力,从而更符合筋箍碎石桩实际受力变形情况,计算值与实测值相对误差为+5.70%,与现有保守计算方法相比,误差最小.参数分析表明:置换率对于控制复合地基总沉降具有重要作用,外荷载一定时复合地基总沉降与桩土应力比均随着置换率提高而减小.     

基于厚壁圆筒模型的筋箍碎石桩沉降计算

为解决现有方法难以考虑加筋材料实际受力状态而低估筋箍碎石桩复合地基沉降的问题,假设桩土等应变且均为线弹性材料,选取单桩有效加固单元整体作为分析对象,其中碎石桩同时受到加筋材料和土环的约束作用,而土环则可以考虑为同时受到单桩有效加固范围外土体的静止土压力和内部碎石桩鼓胀压力共同作用的厚壁圆筒,再结合广义胡克定律得到应力应变关系,进而导出了筋箍碎石桩复合地基沉降计算的新方法.采用工程实例验证并与已有方法进行比较,同时分析了外荷载水平、置换率对复合地基总沉降和桩土应力比的影响.与已有方法相比,该方法可以使上部荷载和筋箍碎石桩侧向受力变形联动进而调整加筋材料内力,从而更符合筋箍碎石桩实际受力变形情况,计算值与实测值相对误差为+5.70%,与现有保守计算方法相比误差最小.参数分析表明:置换率对于控制复合地基总沉降具有重要作用,外荷载一定时复合地基总沉降与桩土应力比均随着置换率提高而减小.     

粉喷桩复合地基桩土应力比的试验研究

粉喷桩群桩复合地基静载荷试验及桩土应力比的试验结果表明 ,粉喷桩复合地基的变形 ,可分为弹性、弹塑性、塑性三阶段 ,利用其 logs- logp曲线可确定复合地基的承载力值。在试验荷载条件下 ,随着荷载水平的增加 ,桩间土的应力增长幅度变小 ,而桩体应力增长幅度变大 ,桩体逐渐承担大部分上部荷载 ,桩土应力比与荷载之间基本上呈线性增长趋势     

粉喷桩复合地基桩土应力比的原型测试分析

通过对泉州市安吉路软基试验段实测,探讨粉喷桩复合地基的桩土应力比n和地基沉降的变化规律．结果表明,n值随荷载增大而增大,但又随沉降增大而减小。而且工程实测的n值略显偏小．导致n值较小的主要原因是,复合地基变形较大和上部桩间土为模量较大的填砂,桩、砂的变形模量接近．鉴于前述原因,重要工程中利用实测桩土应力比计算复合地基沉降合理．     

复合地基中褥垫层的作用分析

通过对复合地基中桩土沉降变形和共同受力的分析,阐明了褥垫层及其厚度在复合地基中的作用,并通过对桩和复合地基载荷试验的应力变形曲线的研究,给出了复合地基中褥垫层对桩和土的应力分配的影响以及对单桩承载力的影响。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the