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1.
研究了废水pH值、Cu2+初始浓度、吸附剂投加量、时间及温度对香菇培养基废料吸附Cu2+的影响,并探讨了吸附机理.随着pH值的降低,吸附量显著降低;废料吸附Cu2+同时符合Langmuir模型和Freundlich模型,最大吸附量为33.11 mg·g-1;平衡吸附时间为1 h,拟二级动力学模型可以很好地描述吸附过程,相关系数为0.9995;吸附剂最佳投加量为10 g·L-1;吸附量随着温度的升高显著减少,热力学研究表明,该吸附过程放热,低温宜自发.对吸附前后的废料进行扫描电镜及Zeta电位分析表明,废料吸附Cu2+在低pH值下以物理吸附为主,而在较高pH值下以化学吸附为主.  相似文献   

2.
皂化交联改性橘子皮生物吸附剂对Cu2+的吸附   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
以生物废料橘子皮(OP)为原料,经乙醇、氢氧化钠和氯化钙处理,得到2种改性橘子皮生物吸附剂SOP和SCOP,并将它们用于对Cu2+的吸附.研究溶液pH值、吸附剂用量、吸附时间和Cu2+初始质量浓度对SOP和SCOP吸附性能的影响.结果表明:Cu2+在橘子皮生物吸附剂上的吸附速率快,可以用准二级动力学方程描述.SOP和SCOP对Cu2+的吸附等温线符合Langmuir模型,根据Langmuir模型计算SOP和SCOP饱和吸附量,分别为50.17 mg/g和72.73 mg/g,高于未改性的OP饱和吸附量(44.28 mg/g).改性后的橘子皮生物吸附剂可以再生重复使用5次以上.橘子皮经过改性处理后,化学稳定性提高,吸附能力增强,是性能良好的Cu2+吸附剂.  相似文献   

3.
以1-乙基-3(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳化二亚胺(EDC)为相偶联剂,通过海藻酸钠(SAL)对碳纳米管(CNTS)进行修饰和改性,制备海藻酸钠-碳纳米管凝胶,用于处理含Cu2+废水.考察了pH值、吸附时间、吸附剂量等因素对Cu2+吸附性能的影响,并进一步探讨了吸附动力学及吸附等温线.结果表明,利用海藻酸钠对多壁碳纳米管进行改性,提高了分散性、比表面积和孔径,当pH值为5.8时,吸附率随着吸附时间的增长而增大,80min内达到吸附平衡,吸附过程符合准一级和准二吸附动力学模型,吸附等温线符合Freundlich和Langmuir方程,由Langmuir模型计算可知改性碳纳米管对Cu2+的最大吸附量为87.68mg/g.  相似文献   

4.
研究块状花生壳对Cd2+和Pb2+的吸附特性.考察吸附剂投加量、溶液初始pH、吸附时间和溶液初始浓度等对吸附的影响,在此基础上拟合分析吸附动力学和吸附等温线.结果表明:吸附36h达到平衡,块状花生壳对Cd2+和Pb2+的吸附均符合准二级动力学模型和Langmuir吸附等温线模型.在25℃,Cd2+和Pb2+的初始浓度为100mg/L时,块状花生壳对二者的吸附量分别可达到10.47mg/g和17.37mg/g.  相似文献   

5.
利用小麦秸秆对含铜废水进行吸附研究.采用平衡吸附法研究秸秆投加量、溶液pH和反应时间对小麦秸秆吸附水溶液中Cu2+的影响.结果表明,pH显著影响小麦秸秆对Cu2+的吸附;其动力学行为很好的符合Lagergren 准二级反应动力学模型,吸附等温线符合Langmuir模型,在30℃时秸秆对Cu2+的饱和吸附量qm为24.6...  相似文献   

6.
选用微波场诱导改性磷石膏作为吸附剂,采用批式振荡吸附法研究改性磷石膏对重金属离子Cu2+,Zn2+,pb2+和Cd2+的吸附动力学及吸附热力学特性,提出吸附机理.研究结果表明:微波场改性磷石膏对Cu2+,Zn2+,pb2+和Cd2+的吸附平衡数据符合Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温方程,但Freundlich方程能够更好地描述吸附等温线.在改性磷石膏对重金属离子吸附的初始阶段,Lagergren伪一级动力学方程、Lagergren伪二级动力学方程、Elovich方程、粒子内扩散模型均能很好地反映吸附模式,而整个吸附过程则遵循Lagergren伪二级动力学方程,其吸附过程是液膜扩散和粒子内扩散共同作用的结果;Cu2+,Zn2+,pb2+和Cd2+的平衡吸附量分别为3.937 0,3.993 6,2.627 4和3.319 0 mg/g;微波场改性后的磷石膏对Cu2+,Zn2-和Cd2+的吸附是吸热反应,对pb2+的吸附为放热反应.  相似文献   

7.
高锰酸钾改性活性炭的表征及其吸附Cu2+的性能   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
为提高活性炭对废水中Cu2+的去除效率,用不同浓度的KMnO4溶液,采用静置氧化/冷凝回流法对颗粒活性炭进行改性。采用BET,SEM,FT-IR和XRD等方法对改性活性炭的理化性质进行表征;探讨改性活性炭投加量、pH、吸附时间、温度对吸附Cu2+的影响。研究结果表明:当Cu2+质量浓度为20 mg/L,投加量为5 g/L时,0.01KMnO4-GAC和0.03KMnO4-GAC对Cu2+的吸附去除率分别达到84%和95%,分别是GAC的1.20和1.36倍;吸附剂在5 g/L投加量时,180 min基本达到吸附平衡;3种吸附剂对Cu2+的吸附,随着pH的降低而减少;温度对活性炭吸附Cu2+的影响相对较小。  相似文献   

8.
采用批处理等温吸附-解吸试验,研究了初始Cu2+浓度、壳聚糖用量、吸附时间、pH值和温度等单因子对壳聚糖吸附Cu2+的影响,在此基础上采用正交试验获得最优吸附条件为:壳聚糖用量0.025g/L,温度35℃,吸附时间60min,初始Cu2+浓度1 000mg/L,得出最大吸附量为256mg/g;因子影响排序由大到小为:壳聚糖用量,温度,初始Cu2+浓度,吸附时间.吸附铜后的壳聚糖,制作壳聚糖载铜灭藻剂(CCA),其Cu2+释放动力学特征可用Elovich方程、Langmuir方程和二级动力学方程加以描述.pH值和CCA的初始用量对Cu2+释放量有显著影响.  相似文献   

9.
改性柿子粉吸附剂对Cd2+的吸附性能   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
以柿子粉为基体,经丙酮和硫酸缩合改性处理制备柿子生物吸附剂,并对柿子生物吸附剂和原始柿子粉进行红外光谱分析,考察柿子生物吸附剂吸附Cd2+的影响因素如初始pH、温度、时间等,研究吸附动力学、等温吸附模型以及吸附剂的循环再生性能.研究结果表明:改性处理增加了对重金属离子有吸附作用的活性官能团数目并降低了柿子粉的水溶性;柿子生物吸附剂对Cd2+的吸附过程可以很好地用准二级动力学方程描述;吸附等温线均符合Langmuir和Freundlich方程;改性柿子生物吸附剂对Cd2+的最大吸附量为82.78 mg/g.  相似文献   

10.
蚯蚓粪吸附水中Cu2+的动力学和热力学分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以蚯蚓粪为吸附剂,测定了Cu2+初始质量浓度、温度、pH、吸附时间对水中Cu2+吸附性能的影响,并对等温吸附特征、吸附动力学和热力学进行了系统分析。结果表明:在温度25℃、Cu2+初始质量浓度87.9~575.0 mg/L、蚯蚓粪用量0.25 g/10mL、振荡速率200 rpm、吸附时间12 h的条件下,吸附效率可达95.27%~98.07%;pH对吸附影响甚小;蚯蚓粪对溶液中Cu2+的吸附过程符合伪二级动力学模型;不同温度下吸附呈现相似的非线性吸附等温线,且Freundlich模型对吸附过程有良好的拟合;反应的吉布斯自由能?G0,表明吸附过程是自发进行的吸热反应。  相似文献   

11.
Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.  相似文献   

12.
何延凌 《科技信息》2008,(4):258-258
Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women's language from these perspectives: pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women's language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What's more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.  相似文献   

13.
There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.  相似文献   

14.
理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。  相似文献   

15.
王慧 《科技信息》2008,(10):240-240
Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte's only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.  相似文献   

16.
The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.  相似文献   

17.
The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3~4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰~ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰~ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084~0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078~0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.  相似文献   

18.
As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.  相似文献   

19.
In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.  相似文献   

20.
1 Rise of studies on climate change's effects on biodiversity
Until the 1980s, climate change and biodiversity were studied as two independent disciplines for more than a century. In 1992, the Ecological Society of America's annual report named climate change, biodiversity, and the sustainable ecological system as the three major global environmental issues of the twenty-first century [1].  相似文献   

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