海南岛的Cystophrentis-Pseudouralinia 间隔带及三叶虫化石

根据Siphonodella levis (Ni) Polygnathus cf.. inornatus E.R.Branson等牙形刺化石,海南岛白沙县金波老村附近南好组第二段中上部确定为下石炭统杜内早期,与Cystophrentis-Pseudourlinia间隔带底部层位相当.共同产出的Weberiphillipsia cf. linguiformis Yuan & Li,Weberiphillipsia sp.,Linguaphillipsia sp.,Hunanoproetus sp.,Austrulosutura sp., Conophillipsia sp. 等系海南岛首次发现的早石炭世三叶虫化石.它与澳大利亚新南威尔士同期三叶虫很相似,可能属同一古生物地理区.     

蕨类植物——水韭

蕨类植物家族中有一类外形极似单子叶植物中的韭菜、苔草或禾草的植物,常生活在淡水水域或湿地沼泽中,这就是水韭属(Isoetes)植物。水韭的茎呈块茎状,叶钻形或线形,叶基部膨大,呈膜质的鞘状;茎上外轮的叶基部通常生大孢子囊,内轮叶基部生小孢子囊。每个大孢子囊有数十个到数百个大孢子,每个小孢子囊有数千个小孢子。水韭属约有150种,广布于全世界各大洲,主要分布于北半球。在美洲从格陵兰南部向西到阿拉斯加和阿留申的沿海地带,向南到墨西哥和中美并广布     

贵州剑河八郎“清虚洞组”叉尾虫科Dorypygidae三叶虫

贵州剑河八郎松山“清虚洞组”中产有包括软躯体化石在内的特异埋藏化石群,三叶虫是其中的主要类群.本文描述的叉尾虫科三叶虫有2属2种1相似种2未定种:副合格拟油栉虫Olenoides paraptus,湖北拟油栉虫O.hubeiensis,横宽拟油栉虫(相似种)O.cf.transversus,库廷虫(未定种)Kootenia sp.1,K sp.2.Olenoides的丰度、分异度较高,其中O.paraptus和O.hubeiensis2个种均见于上覆地层凯里组,O.cf.transversus与产于凯里组的O.transversus很相似,两者组合特征相似,说明凯里组叉尾虫科主要分子Olenoides层位已下延至“清虚洞组”.Olenoides的出现,不仅为“清虚洞组”的三叶虫组合及生物地层提供了新信息,也为叉尾虫科三叶虫在“清虚洞组”至凯里组形成期间的分类及演化研究提供了新材料.     

贵州剑河八郎寒武系清虚洞组拜如尼亚虫Byronia Mathew,1899的发现

剑河八郎松山寒武系黔东统都匀阶清虚洞组主要由泥岩、灰岩组成,下部以灰岩为主,上部为泥岩、灰岩互层,顶部为中层白云岩.上部含有大量的莱德利基虫类、耸棒头虫类和褶颊虫类三叶虫及带软躯体动物多门类化石.本文报道的拜如尼亚虫Byronia Mathew,1899产于清虚洞组中部及中上部,分异度低,仅1属1相似种,即原生拜如尼亚虫(相似种)Byronia cf.annulata Liu,1986.原生拜如尼亚虫(相似种)Byronia cf.annulata化石保存较好,管壁保存有横脊.剑河八郎松山清虚洞组的拜如尼亚虫是贵州杷榔组和凯里组之后另一个产出层位,它的发现不仅丰富了清虚洞组生物群的组成,同时亦为贵州乃至全球寒武系拜如尼亚虫Byronia的演化、埋藏特征等研究提供了新的素材.     

柳江流域大型底栖动物群落结构及其与水质因子的关系

以柳江流域23个点位为例,研究了不同水文季节(3月和6月)水质因子(DO、COD_Mn、NH₃-N、As、Hg、Cd、Pb)对底栖动物群落结构的影响,2次调查共鉴定出底栖动物4门7纲16目54科68属(种),种类相似系数为83.76%,物种丰富度表现为枯水期略高于丰水期,底栖动物优势种在枯、丰水期分别有4种和2种,具有明显的季节演替. DCA和TWINSPAN分析结果显示:柳江流域底栖动物群落结构在时空分布上存在一定差异,主要表现为枯、丰水期均有3个不同的底栖动物类群大致依次分布在该流域干流及支流的源头、中上游及下游,群落内指示物种呈现出由清洁种逐渐过渡到耐污种的变化. 指示物种分析结果(ISA)显示:在枯水期,共有8种底栖动物能作为柳江源头和大环江上游群落的指示种,分别为四节蜉属(Baetis sp.)、锯形蜉(Serratella sp.)、溪泥甲一属(Zaitzevia sp.)、短脉纹石娥属(Cheumatopsyche sp.)、蜗虫(Dugesia sp.)、朝大蚊属(Antocha)、摇蚊属(Chironomus sp.)和细蜉属(Caenis sp.),其他类群无显著指示种;在丰水期,共有5种底栖动物能作为群落划分的指示种,其中,方格短沟蜷(Semisulcospira cancellata)、钉螺(Oncomelania sp.)是柳江中上游的指示种,汉森安春蜓(Amphigomphus hansoni)、河蚬(Corbicula fluminea)、卷扁螺(Gyraulus compressus)是柳江下游的指示种. CCA分析结果显示:COD_Mn和DO是枯、丰水期均对柳江流域底栖动物群落分布有重要影响的水质驱动因子,而重金属因子(Cd、Pb、Hg)在枯水期对底栖动物分布影响较大, NH₃-N在丰水期对底栖动物分布影响较大.     

四川异茎隐翅虫属一新种（鞘翅目：隐翅虫科,胸片隐翅虫亚科）

记述四川异茎隐翅虫属一新种——南坪异茎隐翅虫Lepidophallus nanpingensis sp.nov,该种与欧洲及北非种L.herperius Erichson相似,但雄性外生殖器侧叶及内囊有别,模式标本保存在四川师院生物系。     

关于花的序列的概念、命名及其进化問题的商榷

花序一词曾经长期存在着问題,Inflorescentia和Anthotaxis的范围划分不清,因此概念不够明确。作者根据分类学上的需要,从形态学角度上,攷虑到历史发展过程中的各派看法,提出了重新规定花序的概念及其命名的问題。花的序列Anthotaxis是一株植物全部花的群集的方式。这方式随着植物在系统进化上的位置,受着叶序和茎的分枝規律的制约而不同. 花的序列按照它的结构繁简程度的不同,分为三级:1.单生花;2.花组(序);2.花群(丛)。单生花是一株植物主茎或分枝的頂端只生一朵花。根据花的来源不同,又分成:頂生单生花,側生单生花,腋生单生花及单生花组四类。花组是一株植物的主茎或一个分枝的頂端,由一朵以上的花所构成的群集整体。它的轴只具一种分枝式。花组里沒有典型的营养叶,只有简化了的苞片,甚或完全缺乏。花组的命名以花组轴的分枝式为主要依据,分成为单轴(或总状)及合轴(或聚繖)两类。花组的外形为次一级标准,命名时加在单轴或合轴之前;第三级标准为花组的个別特征,如花组轴肉质化或下陷等,这种形容词放在最前面. 花群是由多数花组,以相同的分枝式或不同的分枝式构成的复合体或混合体. 花群的命名:首先是花群的形态,其次是构成花群的各个花组的名称. 最后,作者以单生花为最原始的种类为基础,以花(图解下方)、花组(图解中部)、花群(图解上方)为三级,绘制出一幅图解,介绍各种花序列的类型,以及它们之间的亲緣关系。     

贵州梵净山国家级自然保护区蜘蛛两新种记述(蛛形纲:蜘蛛目)

记述采自贵州梵净山国家级自然保护区跳蛛科Salticidae和管蛛科Trachelidae蜘蛛各一新种。即,金蝉蛛属一新种:梵净山金蝉蛛Phintella fanjingshansp.nov.,本新种近似于卡氏金蝉蛛P.cavaleriei (Schenkel,1963),但本种雄蛛触肢插入器较粗,胫节外侧突宽大;管蛛属一新种:朱氏管蛛Trachelas zhui,sp.nov.,本新种区别于本属其他种的特征是外雌器插入孔较大、圆形且呈螺旋状,末端指向后端。模式标本均保存于西南大学生命科学学院。     

重庆市郊不同弃耕年限旱地植物群落变化特征

以重庆近郊区耕作旱地和3种不同弃耕年限的旱地为研究对象,采用空间代替时间的方法,对其植物群落的物种组成进行调查并分析弃耕后物种组成与群落类型的动态变化,以及植物多样性的变化趋势.结果发现,春秋两季共记录了维管植物39科90属99种;在TWINSPAN分类的二级水平上可以将耕作旱地、弃耕早期和弃耕晚期旱地分离,随着弃耕年限的增加,植物群落的优势生活型由一年生植物逐渐过渡到多年生植物,木本植物开始成为优势种;植物多样性在弃耕早期到中期阶段逐渐升高,但在弃耕后期呈现下降的趋势.     

内蒙古维管植物二新记录种

报道了内蒙古维管植物2个新记录种,它们分别是产自燕山北部山地的布朗耳蕨Polystichum braunii和产自大兴安岭南部山地的三花洼瓣花Lloydia triflora.提供了两个种的简要描述以及和内蒙古相近种区别的讨论.研究标本保存在赤峰学院植物标本室.     

贵州遵义下寒武统牛蹄塘组生物群中的海绵化石

遵义松林中南村下寒武统牛蹄塘组中下部,特别是下部黑色泥岩中产有大量的海绵骨针,形态多样,初步研究有多达10属以上的海绵动物,与澄江生物群的海绵相比,牛蹄塘组的海绵动物化石其组合特征以六射海绵动物为主,它的发现增添了寒武纪生物组成的信息,为海绵动物从晚新元古代的发生以至穿越寒武纪的演化过程及寒武纪生物大爆发的定性,量度提供了重要信息及资料,描述了4属2个种。1个相似种和1个未定种。Hyalosinica sp.;Saetaspongia densa Mehl et Reitner,1993;Leptomitus teretiusculus CHen,Hou et Lu.1989;Crumillospongia cf.biporosa Righy,1986,它们分属于海绵动物的六射海绵纲和普通海绵纲。     

辽西北票一些中侏罗世植物

本文报道了辽宁西部北皋长皋蛇不歹附近的植物化石5属14种,其中对5个新种(北票锥叶蕨、常氏锥叶蕨、假微尖堆叶蕨、简单异羽叶、稀脉篦羽叶)进行了描述,据产出的植物化石特征及同相关地层中的植物化石对比,认为该区植物化石所产出地层时代为中侏罗世。     

海南岛金波地区发现杜内早期腕足动物群

白沙县金波附近的Spirifercf.,subgrandisRotai ,Neospirifersp .,Fuselacf.tornacensis (Koninck) ,Punc tospirifersp .,Mucrospirifersp .,Eumetriacfserpentina (Koninck) ,Palaeochoristiessp .,Megachonetessp .,Pli chonetessp .,Orthotetessp .,Chonetipustulasp .,Marginatiasp .,Curithyrissp .,Rhipidomellasp .是海南岛首次发现的最丰富的杜内早期腕足动物群。据此 ,该地区含化石的原南好组第四段确定为下石炭统岩关阶。该动物群以石燕贝类最繁盛、长身贝类数量少为特征 ,与华南其它地区同期腕足动物群不同     

Biodiversity and palaeoclimate of the Middle Jurassic floras from the Tiaojishan Formation in western Liaoning, China

The Middle Jurassic Tiaojishan Formation in Beipiao City, western Liaoning comprises a variety of plant fossils including leaf impressions, compressions, permineralized rhizomes, fossil wood and dispersed spores and pollen grains. Impression and compression data suggest that the flora in the Tiaojishan Formation is dominated by Bennettitales, ferns and Nilssoniales, followed by ginkgophytes; conifers and sphenopsids are less common. Abundant permineralized rhizomes are referable to diverse taxa within fern families such as Osmundaceae and Cyatheaceae. Abundant and upright fossil stumps are common in the Tiaojishan Formation. They are well preserved with distinct growth rings and are predominatly conifers. The floristic signature of the Tiaojishan Formation indicates that subtropical to temperate warm and humid climates prevailed during the late Middle Jurassic in the Beipiao area. Growth ring pattern analysis of the fossil conifer wood demonstrates a consistent and distinct seasonal climate during this interval. The biodiversity of the remarkable Tiaojishan flora provides essential evidence for understanding the vegetation, palaeoclimate and environmental evolution of western Liaoning during the Middle to Late Jurassic.     

Biodiversity and palaeoclimate of the Middle Jurassic floras from the Tiaojishan Formation in western Liaoning, China

The Middle Jurassic Tiaojishan Formation in Beipiao City, western Liaoning comprises a variety of plant fossils including leaf impressions, compressions, permineralized rhizomes, fossil wood and dispersed spores and pollen grains. Impression and compression data suggest that the flora in the Tiaojishan Formation is dominated by Bennettitales, ferns and Nilssoniales, followed by ginkgophytes; conifers and sphenopsids are less common. Abundant permineralized rhizomes are referable to diverse taxa within fern families such as Osmundaceae and Cyatheaceae. Abundant and upright fossil stumps are common in the Tiaojishan Formation. They are well preserved with distinct growth rings and are predominatly conifers. The floristic signature of the Tiaojishan Formation indicates that subtropical to temperate warm and humid climates prevailed during the late Middle Jurassic in the Beipiao area. Growth ring pattern analysis of the fossil conifer wood demonstrates a consistent and distinct seasonal climate during this interval. The biodiversity of the remarkable Tiaojishan flora provides essential evidence for understanding the vegetation, palaeoclimate and environmental evolution of western Liaoning during the Middle to Late Jurassic.     

An osmundaceous rhizome with sterile and fertile fronds and <Emphasis Type="Italic">in situ</Emphasis> spores from the Jurassic of western Liaoning

A well-preserved permineralized osmundaceous fern was discovered from the Middle Jurassic Tiaojishan Formation of Beipiao, Liaoning Province, China. The rhizome is about 50 cm high and 35–41 cm in diameter and can be attributed to the genus Ashicaulis on the basis of its anatomy. The sterile pinnae are referable to Cladophlebis, the fertile pinnules are of the Todites type with in situ spores of the Osmundacidites type. Osmundaceous rhizomes have been found all over the world including the Jurassic strata of western Liaoning, China. Until now, however, no rhizomes have been reported to be organically connected with leafy organs. Although impressions and compressions of isolated osmundaceous sterile and fertile fronds are common, they were described under separate organ- or morpho-generic names, such as Todites and Cladophlebis. The new discovery provides an opportunity to study an osmundaceous fern in ‘whole plant concept’ to learn more about its morphology and structure, and the paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental requrirements of this group.     

六盘山鸡爪大黄营养器官的结构特征

以六盘山鸡爪大黄(Rheum tanguticumMaxim et Balf var.liupanshanenseCheng et Kao)的根、根茎、茎和叶为材料,采用植物解剖学和组织化学方法研究了各营养器官的解剖结构特征.结果表明,根、根茎、茎和叶的结构特征各有特点,根和根茎次生结构发达,次生维管组织占较大比例,具有较为发达的薄壁细胞,对大黄多糖等有效成分的贮藏和积累起重要作用,根茎髓部发育形成了异型维管束,茎和叶中不同程度地贮藏了一定数量的大黄多糖.研究结果为该植物的开发利用和深入研究提供了依据.     

云南保山—施甸早石炭世腕足动物

云南保山、施甸下石炭统可建立三个腕足动物组合,自下而上为:1.Unispirifer tornacensis-Marginatia burlingtonensis组合,大致可与英国Courceyan对比,时代为杜内中、晚期;2.Grandispirifer dazhaimenensis sp.nov.-Balackhonia yunnanensis组合,Grandispirifer大量出现于石花洞组底部,地理分布广泛,层位稳定,可作为杜内与维宪阶的分界标志。大致与英国的Arundian-Holkerian对比,时代为维宪早、中期;3.Delepinea comoides-Megachonetes papilionacea组合,大致与英国Asbian-Brigantian对比,时代为维宪晚期。     

Radiolarian fauna found from Tieshidas Group in East Kunlun

The Tieshidas Group in Qimantag, a branch of the East Kunlun Mountains, was classically considered the Caledonian basement, and classified into Middle-Upper Ordovician, Upper Ordovician or simply Lower Paleozoic. The radiolarian fauna was found, for the first time, from a chert block in the Tieshidas Group at Yaziquandaban (Pass) north to Ayakum Lake. They are Astroentactinia?mirousi Gourmelon, As. cf biaciculata Nazarov, Archocyrtium cf. diductum Deflandre, Ar. aff. diductum Deflandre, Deflandrellium? sp., Entactinia vulgaris Won, En. cf. additiva Foreman, En.? sp., Entactinosphaera palimbola Foreman, Pylentonema? sp., Triaenosphaera sp. and Tr.7 sp. The geological age of this radiolarian fauna is Early Carboniferous. Evidently, the classical interpretation about the age of Tieshidas Group needs to be checked and modified. Except the Ordovician proved with the formerly discovered fossils, it also includes, at least, Lower Carboniferous rocks. There was still an oceanic basin at Qimantag during Early Carboniferous (and even a long geological time after then). Qimantag is not a Caledonian fold belt, and the Tieshidas Group is not the Caledonian basement.     

Oligocarpia kepingensis sp. nov. from the Lower Permian of the northern Tarim Basin, Xinjiang and itsin situ spores

A Palaeozoic gleicheniaceous fernOligocarpia kepingensis sp. nov. is described from the Lower Permian of the northern Tarim Basin, Xinjiang, China. The material comprises fertile organs including sori, sporangia, spores and associated sterile leaf of theSphenopteris type. The sori are circular and 0.6–0.8 mm in diameter, and each sorus consists of 4–6 oval sporangia without an indusium. A transverse annulus completely encircles the sporangium. Each sporangium produces probably 256 trilete spores resembling the dispersed genusLeiotriletes. Comparisons are made betweenO. kepingensis and other species ofOligocarpia in the soral organization and spores. It is reasonable to includeOligocarpia in Gleicheniaceae based on its similarities of fertile character to the extant gleicheniaceous members.