甲壳质和脱乙酰甲壳质在农业中的应用

甲壳质又叫甲壳素、几丁质、壳多糖等,广泛存在于甲壳纲动物、软体动物、昆虫与霉菌中。通常采用蟹壳和甲壳为原料,用稀酸和稀碱溶液分别除去钙质、蛋白质和脂肪,再经脱色后即可得到甲壳质。甲壳质经浓碱溶液处理,脱去乙酰基,即成脱乙酰甲壳质,又称壳聚糖。甲壳质和脱乙酰甲壳质在食品工业、医药工业、化学工业中已获得了广泛的应用,目前国外在农业中的应用也取得了令人注目的进展。     

壳聚糖敷料在创伤中的新应用

壳聚糖由甲壳质经脱乙酰基而得。本文介绍了壳聚糖纤维和创伤敷料研制的历史及发展趋势。文中扼要描述了壳聚糖的性质、制备方法和创伤敷料的制备方法及临床应用。     

生产壳聚糖的新途径—丝状真菌培养法

壳聚糖又名脱乙酰甲壳质,它是由甲壳质脱去乙酰基后形成的。壳聚糖广泛用于食品、药品、化工和农业中,近几年来,它作为功能性材料如絮凝剂、医用材料(如伤口敷料、手术缝线)、食品包装膜、化妆品、作物生长调节剂等尤为引人注目,需求量不断增加。     

甲壳质乙酰基脱除规律的研究

论述了甲壳质和壳聚糖的制备方法。着重研究了碱量、质量分率、反应时间及温度对甲壳质乙酰脱除率的影响，得到了甲壳质的乙酰基脱除规律和需要的最佳实验条件。研究结果表明。上述影响因素均有一个最佳范围，实际生产中应加以控制，其中以碱液质量分率和反应温度对乙酰基脱除的影响最大，试验还证实，制备壳聚糖分离出的浓碱液可以循环使用，以降低生产成本。     

甲壳质乙酰基脱除规律的研究

论述了甲壳质和壳聚糖的制备方法，着重研究了碱量、质量分布、反应时间及温度对甲壳质乙酰脱除率的影响。得到了甲壳质的乙酰基脱除规律和需要的最佳实验条件。结果表明，上述影响因素均有一个最佳范围。实际生产中应加以控制，其中以碱淮质量分率和反应温度对乙酰基脱除的影响最大。     

高粘度、高脱乙酰度壳聚糖的研制

本文改进了甲壳质和壳聚糖的传统生产工艺，采用了连续浸酸法和间歇脱乙酰法制得了高质量的甲壳质和壳聚精，并通过正交试验分析了碱的浓度、反应时间及温度对壳聚糖的粘度和脱乙酰度的影响，提出了制取高质量壳聚糖的理想工艺条件。     

制备脱乙酰甲壳素的研究

从虾蟹壳中提取甲壳素,利用甲壳素脱乙酰基制取壳聚糖并对甲壳素和壳聚糖粉末的制备条件进行优选.实验结果表明,先用4%的稀盐酸脱去钙质,反应时间8h,反应温度80℃,后用浓度为50%的浓氢氧化钠脱去乙酰基,反应时间4h,反应温度90℃,可以制得平均脱乙酰度为90.05%的高脱乙酰度的可溶性粉末状壳聚糖.     

桑蚕蛹甲壳素及壳聚糖的提取与制备工艺研究

以提蛹油和蛹蛋白后的蚕蛹壳杂物为原料，采用改进工艺提取蛹甲壳素和制备蛹壳聚糖．研究了脱乙酰基时碱液浓度、反应时间和温度对制备蛹壳聚糖的理化性质影响．结果表明，改进工艺不仅生产周期短，蛹甲壳素得率高，而且蛹壳聚糖的粘度高、分子量大，比虾、蟹壳的壳聚糖具有更好的应用前景．     

天津港海底泥沙中壳聚糖的提取及检测

为了寻找从海底泥沙中提取壳聚糖的有效方法,达到废弃泥沙资源化利用的目的,以天津港的清淤淤泥及海沙为原料,以水、体积分数分别为1%和5%的醋酸为浸提液,直接或者去乙酰基后提取泥沙中的壳聚糖.结果表明:海底淤泥中壳聚糖含量较高,其中天然壳聚糖的含量为26.74~34.27 mg/kg;海底淤泥经去乙酰基处理后,壳聚糖的含量为57.61~76.92 mg/kg.海沙经脱钙、脱蛋白质并去乙酰基处理后,壳聚糖的含量仅为5.27~6.26 mg/kg.各种浸提方法中,以海底淤泥去乙酰基后,用体积分数为5%的醋酸浸提的产量最高.     

保护伤口用的绷带

这种保护伤口用的绷带是由脱乙酰甲壳质无纺布构成的。其加工方法是,将甲壳质粉碎,用40%NaOH在121℃处理2小时,接着用盐酸中和,水洗,干燥,得到脱乙酰甲壳质。将脱乙酰甲壳质溶解在5%乙酸中,并通过1480目筛网过滤,得到纺丝原液。将纺丝原液减压脱气,通过喷丝头挤到5%NaOH中,用水洗浆,干燥,得到单丝。将单丝切     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.