低温透平膨胀机内非平衡自发凝结两相流动的数值研究

针对低温透平膨胀机内复杂自发凝结三元两相流动问题,基于非等温修正成核模型及Gyarmathy液滴生长模型,采用非平衡凝结数学模型,准确预测了气体快速膨胀中凝结成核和液滴生长的过程,基于数值模拟结果,研究了进口过热度和旋转作用对工作轮流道内自发凝结过程的影响,并分析了流道内液滴数目密度、液滴直径及带液量的分布规律。模拟结果表明:当进口过热度不够低时,快速成核发生在工作轮内导流段并发展缓慢,致使气体始终保持在较高的过冷度状态且成核区域较大;非平衡自发凝结与二次涡流的相互作用产生的逆温梯度会带来附加热力学损失,同时增大的逆压梯度会造成更强的边界层分离,从而引起附加流动损失;对于径-轴式工作轮,在二次涡流区域、吸力面壁面附近及尾迹涡流区域内容易发生液滴的聚集,这很容易引起二次成核并形成大尺寸二次液滴,进而带来附加机械损失。     

氮气在缩放喷管中非平衡自发凝结的数值研究

针对氮气在收缩型喷管中自发凝结的两相流动,采用经典成核理论来计算气液两相间的质量传递,选用Standard Redlich Kwong气体状态方程,忽略了气液相之间的速度滑移,利用商业软件CFX中的非平衡凝结模型进行了二维数值模拟。通过对成核率的量级、压力和带液量变化趋势及开始凝结的位置等模拟结果的分析,验证了模型和数值计算的有效性。进一步的数值模拟结果表明:相比于无凝结的绝热膨胀过程,相变释放潜热及气液之间的导热会加热气体,使得气流压力升高、马赫数降低。平衡凝结模型及非平衡凝结模型的对比显示,非平衡数值模型能够更好地揭示低温下氮气自发凝结的两相膨胀过程。     

低温空气透平膨胀机的气体槽式动压轴承

本文描述了使用于低温空气透平膨胀机的径向及轴向气体槽式动压轴承。透平膨胀机的转子为横卧式,转速为10.7×10~4 r/min。在槽式动压轴承外使用了O形橡皮圈。与一般动压轴承相比,该轴承的间隙大,稳定性高。此外,为了避免轴承间隙内生成的热量传到透平冷端,采用了轴承内腔水冷却的结构。动压轴承低温空气透平膨胀机的运转试验及稳定性试验表明,该动压轴承的稳定性良好,可以使用于小型低温透平膨胀机上。     

半开式切割泵固液两相流动与特性分析

为深入了解半开式切割泵内部固液两相流动状态,基于ANSYS CFX软件,采用标准k-ε湍流模型,在不同固相体积分数和不同流量工况下,研究了叶轮叶片不同位置处的固相体积分布及速度分布,以及切割泵旋转刀处的固相体积分布及速度分布,并对磨损情况进行相应预测.分析了固相和液相对于内流场的影响.结果表明:分布在叶片压力面的固相速度整体小于吸力面,而固相体积分数却大于吸力面;叶片尾部固相速度最大,叶片头部固相体积分数最大;对于旋转刀,位于工作面旋转刀出口处和背面靠近转轴处的固相速度较大,位于工作面靠近转轴处固相体积分数较大,因而磨损预计较为严重,而旋转刀背面整体体积分数较小;不同流量工况对于压力分布、速度分布、固相分布有较明显的影响.     

离心泵内部盐析晶体颗粒分布特性

在两相混合模型的基础上,加载群体平衡模型,采用分组法对离心泵内部盐析两相流场进行数值模拟,得到了3种不同工况各尺寸盐析晶体颗粒的分布特性.预测了离心泵内液固两相流场中晶体颗粒的分布规律,与本项目前期试验结果总体趋势比较吻合,验证了群体平衡模型用于模拟伴有盐析现象两相流动的可行性.计算结果表明:叶片流道内,从压力面至吸力面颗粒平均粒径逐渐减小,流量增加,粒径较大颗粒向压力面聚集现象更加显著;涡室内颗粒平均粒径呈现的分布特征:主流区最小,内壁附近较大,离叶轮较远的壁面拐角处最大.此外,受相间传质及颗粒微观行为影响,不同粒径颗粒的组分数分布差异较大,从叶轮进口至出口,大粒径颗粒组分数逐渐增高,而中、小粒径颗粒的组分数分布趋势与之正好相反.     

SST k-ω-kp两相湍流模型及其在湿蒸汽凝结流动数值模拟中的应用

首先，建立了湿蒸汽凝结流动的双流体模型，考虑了湿蒸汽两相流动中相间的速度滑移、耦合以及湍流扩散作用的影响．然后，针对蒸汽透平叶栅中流动的湍流特性，在单相湍流计算中数值模拟精度相对良好的两方程SST k-ω湍流模型基础上，参照颗粒湍能输运方程理论，推导建立了SST k-ω-kp湿蒸汽两相流动湍流模型，模型中引入了液相黏性、导热及扩散系数等拟流体概念．对二维叶栅中存在自发凝结的湿蒸汽流动进行的数值模拟表明：建立的数值模型表现良好，明显优于单流体模型，特别是吸力面的压力分布模拟精度有很大提高，具有较高的精确性和可靠性．由于实验数据的匮乏，数值模拟中发现的汽液两相的动力特性以及液相的参数分布有待于进一步的实验来验证．     

天然气液烃输送管道非平衡汽液相变及两相流动研究进展

天然气液烃(NGL)的主要成分是乙烷、丙烷、丁烷等低碳烷烃。在压力瞬变工况下,储运设备中的NGL汽液相变过程很难在瞬间达到热力学平衡状态,由此引发非平衡、非稳态的汽液两相流动。综述了NGL非平衡汽液相变机理及传热传质速率计算方法、非平衡汽液两相管流数学模型与数值模拟方法的研究进展。指出应着重开展以下三方面的研究:第一是采用实验和理论相结合的方法,探究NGL非平衡汽液相变的微观机理,建立汽液相间非稳态传热传质模型;第二是考虑非稳态传热传质过程与管道压力、温度、流速等参数之间的耦合作用,基于流体力学理论和非平衡态热力学理论,建立伴随非平衡汽液相变的NGL输送管道两相流动数学模型,研究模型的数值求解方法;第三是开发NGL输送管道仿真软件,揭示NGL汽液两相管流参数变化规律,为NGL输送管道的设计、运行和管理提供理论和技术支撑。     

湿蒸汽两相流动的数值方法及其在喷管中的应用

针对在高维情况下存在自发凝结的湿蒸汽两相流动数值模拟,回顾了当前湿蒸汽两相流计算的概况,在此基础上给出了守恒型的两相流流动控制方程组及数值求解方法,对二维喷管中存在自发凝结的跨音速两相流动进行了数值分析,结果表明,计算可准确地预测喷管中自发凝结发生的位置,反映边界层影响膨胀率,从而引起喷管中冷度及相应水滴状态分布的不均匀,计算也显示了凝结流动与单相流动马赫数分布的显著差异,为研究透平叶栅中的湿蒸汽两相凝结流动奠定了基础。     

动态调速工况液力偶合器瞬态流场PIV试验

为了分析大功率液力偶合器在调速工况中能容下降、效率降低及输出特性失稳等问题产生的原因,建立了液力偶合器内/外特性同步测试试验台,采用PIV(粒子图像测速)流场测试的方法分析动态调速工况下偶合器涡轮内部瞬态流动特性.将动态调速与对应稳态工况在径向/轴向切面的流场测试对比,结果表明:在环流转换的调速过渡区间内,受气相的干扰流道中部出现较大的低速区,与对应稳态工况流场差别较大;在额定工况附近及其他调速工况点,速度流场变化趋势与稳态工况相当;随着动态调速工况转速差的增加,在轴向切面内显示多尺度气泡弥散在液相中并随着液体质点做螺旋运动,在涡轮入口吸力面附近逐渐出现大面积的低速区且其分布区域逐渐增大,最终在速度梯度较大的涡轮入口靠近吸力面处形成主漩涡.     

合成射流控制下低压高负荷透平叶片边界层分离大涡模拟

为了研究合成射流对低压高负荷透平叶片边界层流动分离进行控制的效果及机理,采用大涡模拟方法对利用合成射流控制低压高负荷透平Pak-B叶栅内的非稳态流动分离特性进行了研究.在合成射流控制下的结果表明:Pak-B叶栅吸力面流动分离位置变化不大,再附位置明显提前,叶栅吸力面尾缘区域逆压梯度明显减小,总压损失系数降低,分离泡尺寸缩小;叶栅吸力面大部分剪切层黏附于壁面,也未出现大尺度二维展向涡,静压脉动特征频率向高频转移,低频脉动幅值降低,大尺度涡旋结构发生变化.通过研究还发现:在吹气过程中,边界层外部高能流体被射流卷吸进入边界层内,边界层内流体能量增大进而抑制了分离;在吸气过程中,射流孔上游区域边界层厚度减小,流速增大,从而抑制了下游流动分离.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.