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1.
针对低温透平膨胀机内复杂自发凝结三元两相流动问题,基于非等温修正成核模型及Gyarmathy液滴生长模型,采用非平衡凝结数学模型,准确预测了气体快速膨胀中凝结成核和液滴生长的过程,基于数值模拟结果,研究了进口过热度和旋转作用对工作轮流道内自发凝结过程的影响,并分析了流道内液滴数目密度、液滴直径及带液量的分布规律。模拟结果表明:当进口过热度不够低时,快速成核发生在工作轮内导流段并发展缓慢,致使气体始终保持在较高的过冷度状态且成核区域较大;非平衡自发凝结与二次涡流的相互作用产生的逆温梯度会带来附加热力学损失,同时增大的逆压梯度会造成更强的边界层分离,从而引起附加流动损失;对于径-轴式工作轮,在二次涡流区域、吸力面壁面附近及尾迹涡流区域内容易发生液滴的聚集,这很容易引起二次成核并形成大尺寸二次液滴,进而带来附加机械损失。  相似文献   

2.
针对氮气在收缩型喷管中自发凝结的两相流动,采用经典成核理论来计算气液两相间的质量传递,选用Standard Redlich Kwong气体状态方程,忽略了气液相之间的速度滑移,利用商业软件CFX中的非平衡凝结模型进行了二维数值模拟。通过对成核率的量级、压力和带液量变化趋势及开始凝结的位置等模拟结果的分析,验证了模型和数值计算的有效性。进一步的数值模拟结果表明:相比于无凝结的绝热膨胀过程,相变释放潜热及气液之间的导热会加热气体,使得气流压力升高、马赫数降低。平衡凝结模型及非平衡凝结模型的对比显示,非平衡数值模型能够更好地揭示低温下氮气自发凝结的两相膨胀过程。  相似文献   

3.
为深入了解半开式切割泵内部固液两相流动状态,基于ANSYS CFX软件,采用标准k-ε湍流模型,在不同固相体积分数和不同流量工况下,研究了叶轮叶片不同位置处的固相体积分布及速度分布,以及切割泵旋转刀处的固相体积分布及速度分布,并对磨损情况进行相应预测.分析了固相和液相对于内流场的影响.结果表明:分布在叶片压力面的固相速度整体小于吸力面,而固相体积分数却大于吸力面;叶片尾部固相速度最大,叶片头部固相体积分数最大;对于旋转刀,位于工作面旋转刀出口处和背面靠近转轴处的固相速度较大,位于工作面靠近转轴处固相体积分数较大,因而磨损预计较为严重,而旋转刀背面整体体积分数较小;不同流量工况对于压力分布、速度分布、固相分布有较明显的影响.  相似文献   

4.
在两相混合模型的基础上,加载群体平衡模型,采用分组法对离心泵内部盐析两相流场进行数值模拟,得到了3种不同工况各尺寸盐析晶体颗粒的分布特性.预测了离心泵内液固两相流场中晶体颗粒的分布规律,与本项目前期试验结果总体趋势比较吻合,验证了群体平衡模型用于模拟伴有盐析现象两相流动的可行性.计算结果表明:叶片流道内,从压力面至吸力面颗粒平均粒径逐渐减小,流量增加,粒径较大颗粒向压力面聚集现象更加显著;涡室内颗粒平均粒径呈现的分布特征:主流区最小,内壁附近较大,离叶轮较远的壁面拐角处最大.此外,受相间传质及颗粒微观行为影响,不同粒径颗粒的组分数分布差异较大,从叶轮进口至出口,大粒径颗粒组分数逐渐增高,而中、小粒径颗粒的组分数分布趋势与之正好相反.  相似文献   

5.
本文描述了使用于低温空气透平膨胀机的径向及轴向气体槽式动压轴承。透平膨胀机的转子为横卧式,转速为10.7×10~4 r/min。在槽式动压轴承外使用了O形橡皮圈。与一般动压轴承相比,该轴承的间隙大,稳定性高。此外,为了避免轴承间隙内生成的热量传到透平冷端,采用了轴承内腔水冷却的结构。动压轴承低温空气透平膨胀机的运转试验及稳定性试验表明,该动压轴承的稳定性良好,可以使用于小型低温透平膨胀机上。  相似文献   

6.
首先,建立了湿蒸汽凝结流动的双流体模型,考虑了湿蒸汽两相流动中相间的速度滑移、耦合以及湍流扩散作用的影响.然后,针对蒸汽透平叶栅中流动的湍流特性,在单相湍流计算中数值模拟精度相对良好的两方程SST k-ω湍流模型基础上,参照颗粒湍能输运方程理论,推导建立了SST k-ω-kp湿蒸汽两相流动湍流模型,模型中引入了液相黏性、导热及扩散系数等拟流体概念.对二维叶栅中存在自发凝结的湿蒸汽流动进行的数值模拟表明:建立的数值模型表现良好,明显优于单流体模型,特别是吸力面的压力分布模拟精度有很大提高,具有较高的精确性和可靠性.由于实验数据的匮乏,数值模拟中发现的汽液两相的动力特性以及液相的参数分布有待于进一步的实验来验证.  相似文献   

7.
天然气液烃(NGL)的主要成分是乙烷、丙烷、丁烷等低碳烷烃。在压力瞬变工况下,储运设备中的NGL汽液相变过程很难在瞬间达到热力学平衡状态,由此引发非平衡、非稳态的汽液两相流动。综述了NGL非平衡汽液相变机理及传热传质速率计算方法、非平衡汽液两相管流数学模型与数值模拟方法的研究进展。指出应着重开展以下三方面的研究:第一是采用实验和理论相结合的方法,探究NGL非平衡汽液相变的微观机理,建立汽液相间非稳态传热传质模型;第二是考虑非稳态传热传质过程与管道压力、温度、流速等参数之间的耦合作用,基于流体力学理论和非平衡态热力学理论,建立伴随非平衡汽液相变的NGL输送管道两相流动数学模型,研究模型的数值求解方法;第三是开发NGL输送管道仿真软件,揭示NGL汽液两相管流参数变化规律,为NGL输送管道的设计、运行和管理提供理论和技术支撑。  相似文献   

8.
为了分析大功率液力偶合器在调速工况中能容下降、效率降低及输出特性失稳等问题产生的原因,建立了液力偶合器内/外特性同步测试试验台,采用PIV(粒子图像测速)流场测试的方法分析动态调速工况下偶合器涡轮内部瞬态流动特性.将动态调速与对应稳态工况在径向/轴向切面的流场测试对比,结果表明:在环流转换的调速过渡区间内,受气相的干扰流道中部出现较大的低速区,与对应稳态工况流场差别较大;在额定工况附近及其他调速工况点,速度流场变化趋势与稳态工况相当;随着动态调速工况转速差的增加,在轴向切面内显示多尺度气泡弥散在液相中并随着液体质点做螺旋运动,在涡轮入口吸力面附近逐渐出现大面积的低速区且其分布区域逐渐增大,最终在速度梯度较大的涡轮入口靠近吸力面处形成主漩涡.  相似文献   

9.
湿蒸汽两相流动的数值方法及其在喷管中的应用   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
李亮  李国君  丰镇平 《西安交通大学学报》2001,35(11):1131-1134,1138
针对在高维情况下存在自发凝结的湿蒸汽两相流动数值模拟,回顾了当前湿蒸汽两相流计算的概况,在此基础上给出了守恒型的两相流流动控制方程组及数值求解方法,对二维喷管中存在自发凝结的跨音速两相流动进行了数值分析,结果表明,计算可准确地预测喷管中自发凝结发生的位置,反映边界层影响膨胀率,从而引起喷管中冷度及相应水滴状态分布的不均匀,计算也显示了凝结流动与单相流动马赫数分布的显著差异,为研究透平叶栅中的湿蒸汽两相凝结流动奠定了基础。  相似文献   

10.
合成射流控制下低压高负荷透平叶片边界层分离大涡模拟   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为了研究合成射流对低压高负荷透平叶片边界层流动分离进行控制的效果及机理,采用大涡模拟方法对利用合成射流控制低压高负荷透平Pak-B叶栅内的非稳态流动分离特性进行了研究.在合成射流控制下的结果表明:Pak-B叶栅吸力面流动分离位置变化不大,再附位置明显提前,叶栅吸力面尾缘区域逆压梯度明显减小,总压损失系数降低,分离泡尺寸缩小;叶栅吸力面大部分剪切层黏附于壁面,也未出现大尺度二维展向涡,静压脉动特征频率向高频转移,低频脉动幅值降低,大尺度涡旋结构发生变化.通过研究还发现:在吹气过程中,边界层外部高能流体被射流卷吸进入边界层内,边界层内流体能量增大进而抑制了分离;在吸气过程中,射流孔上游区域边界层厚度减小,流速增大,从而抑制了下游流动分离.  相似文献   

11.
Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.  相似文献   

12.
何延凌 《科技信息》2008,(4):258-258
Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women's language from these perspectives: pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women's language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What's more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.  相似文献   

13.
理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。  相似文献   

14.
There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.  相似文献   

15.
As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.  相似文献   

16.
The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3~4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰~ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰~ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084~0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078~0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.  相似文献   

17.
王慧 《科技信息》2008,(10):240-240
Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte's only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.  相似文献   

18.
The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.  相似文献   

19.
In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.  相似文献   

20.
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