RNA干涉及其在肿瘤研究中的应用

RNAi是双链RNA介导的转录后基因沉默的过程，是一种高效的高特异性抑制基因表达的新途径。通过双链小干涉RNA(siRNA)与一系列蛋白质结合形成siRNA诱导的沉默复合体(RISC)并活化，然后，RISC对靶基因进行识别、降解。与反义方法相比，siRNA具有更好的抑制效果。RNAi的应用将为癌症的基因治疗提供新的方法。     

RNA干扰及其应用

RNA干扰现象是指外源双链RNA进入细胞后引起与其同源的mRNA特异性降解，从而导致该基因表达的沉默。它是真核生物在长期的进化中形成的一种保守的防御机制，它的出现为生物学家提供了一种快速、简便的反向遗传学技术。RNA干扰已成为一种进行基因功能分析的强有力的工具，并有望在对病毒的防御及基因治疗中发挥重要的作用。     

RNA干扰技术及其在医学研究中的应用

RNA干扰(RNAi)是指生物体内利用双链RNA(dsRNA)诱导同源靶基因的mRNA特异性降解,从而导致转录后基因沉默的现象.RNAi主要通过核酸酶Dicer切割dsRNA生成21-23 nt的小干扰RNA(siRNA),继而由siRNA识别并靶向降解同源靶基因mRNA,从而抑制靶基因的蛋白表达.近年来,RNAi技术在医学研究中的广泛应用均取得了显著的基因沉默效果,RNAi以其高特异性、高效性等显著优势将成为研究基因功能的全新手段.文中综述了该技术在医学研究中的应用.     

热点技术RNA 干扰成为治病良方

双链RNA能抑制同源序列的基因表达,称为RNA干扰,是生物进化过程中保留下来的机制,最初发现它是植物细胞用于防御病毒感染和转位子侵袭的。2001年, Tuchl等首次在哺乳动物细胞中成功地用长度约为19～23碱基对、人工合成的双链小分子干扰RNA(siRNA)抑制互补序列的目标基因表达,从而掀起了RNAi的研究热潮。从此,siRNA不仅被用作探讨细胞基因功能的工具,而且更吸引人地是科学家们设想应用siRNA抑制致病基因的表达,探索治疗疾病的新型基因治疗方法。在短短的两年内,已经有大量的研究证实,在体外细胞培养中,应用针对病毒基因的siRNA能有效地抑制病毒感染,应用siRNA沉默癌基因表达能抑制体外肿瘤细胞的生长。但是,对于siRNA是否能在体内应用作为治疗疾病的手段,当时很多人尚存疑虑。     

RNAi与siRNA在医学中应用的新进展

RNAi（RNA interference,RNAi）是序列特异的双链RNA（dsRNA）使细胞内同源性mRNA降解,产生特异的基因沉默的过程．RNAi最早是由Fire在线虫实验中发现并提出的．随后,在其他动物包括哺乳动物中也发现了RNAi．RNAi技术是一种发展很快并有应用前景的基因控制技术,目前已广泛地应用于多学科的研究,尤以医学领域的研究最为突出,它不仅可用于基础研究,而且为病毒感染性疾病和肿瘤的防治开辟了更为广阔的前景．     

RNAi技术研究进展

RNAi是由双链RNA引起的基因沉默现象，它通过降解具有同源序列的mRNA起作用，特殊设计的siRNA能使目的基因发生特异性沉默．目前，获得siRNA已经非常方便，导入方式最常用的是微注射．RNAi技术有编码区RNAi和启动子区RNAi两大类，均可以产生类似基因敲除的功能。在家蚕功能基因的研究中已经使用了这种方法．随着RNAi技术的不断进步，RNAi可广泛地应用到功能基因组学，药物靶点筛选，疾病治疗等方面．     

从反义RNA到人工miRNA的植物基因沉默技术革新

植物基因沉默技术作为一个重要的遗传操作工具在植物分子生物学研究和遗传改良方面得到广泛应用．自20世纪90年代基因沉默现象发现以来，多种植物基因沉默技术相继建立，包括共抑制、反义RNA、hpRNAi和VIGS等．最近，两种新的植物基因沉默技术：人工Micro—RNA和人工trans—acting siRNA建立起来，在基因沉默的精确性和高效性等方面有了新突破．由于植物体具有多条基因沉默途径，不同的基因沉默技术具有独特的应用优势．本文对这些基因沉默技术进行了系统的介绍和总结，梳理了不同技术的优缺点和适用范围，并展望了植物基因沉默技术进一步发展的方向和应用前景．     

RNAi技术的研究进展及其应用

RNA干扰（RNAi）是指双链RNA引起的mRNA水平互补序列基因表达的关闭,即序列特异性转录后基因沉默,是生物体进化过程中抵御外未基因和病毒感染的进化保守机制。本文对RNA干涉现象的发现,作用机制及各方面应用作了简单的论述。     

抗双病毒无标记转基因马铃薯的获得

病毒侵染导致品种退化是马铃薯生产中的一大难题．利用RNA沉默技术和无标记转基因技术,把马铃薯X病毒的外壳蛋白基因（cp）片段和马铃薯Y病毒的复制酶基因（NIb）片段的融合基因构建成反向重复序列,农杆菌介导转入马铃薯品种紫花白,经PCR检测初筛的转基因植株定植．对定植当代和薯块繁殖的无性一代植株接种马铃薯X病毒和Y病毒,利用半定量RT—PCR和DAS—ELISA检测,鉴定出了对马铃薯X病毒与Y病毒双抗的无标记转基因株系．siRNA的Northernblot结果表明,所转基因的mRNA已经降解成小片段,转基因植株的双抗性是RNA沉默的结果．由于转基因的mRNA已降解,转基因植株不存在标记基因,同时规避了目的基因和标记基因的潜在生物风险．     

RNA干涉与基因沉默研究进展

生物体内导入双链RNA(dsRNA)后会引起体内同源基因特异的沉默，这种现象称为RNA干涉(RNAi)．基因沉默是生物体基因表达调控的一种重要机制，具有重要生物学功能．就RNA干涉与基因沉默的研究历史、作用机制和应用作了综述．     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

英文诗歌中的喻类修辞

为了有助于提高英文爱好者的个人情操、文化素养和学习兴趣,以及专业人员对英语学习和研究进行多途径的探索,本文通过一些精选诗歌的引证和分析,着重论述了喻类修辞法在英文诗歌中的运用其及效果。     

Man Is Unable to Change the Miserable Life——Analysis of the Arrangement of Four Characters in The Glass Menagerie

Tennessee Williams is considered as one of the most important American playwrights since World War II.The Glass Menagerie is his first successful drama,which describes a tragic situation of family and means to say that Man is unable to change the miserable life,no matter whatever means he try,This essay focuses on the analysis of the arrangement of the four main characters:Laura.Amanda,Jim and Tom to reveal the theme.Laura is fragile.Amanda is brave.Jim is vital.Tom is sensible.And all of them develop and try the different means to struggle against life,but fail tragically.With the evidence,the paper comes to conclusion naturally that Man is unable to change the miserable life,and he dooms to fail.     

Characterization of root-nodulating bacteria on Retama raetam in arid Tunisian soils

The aim of this study is to investigate the diversity of Retama raetam root-nodule bacteria isolated from arid regions of Tunisia. Twelve isolates, chosen as representative for different 16S rRNA gene patterns, were characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phenotypic analysis. Isolates were assigned to Sinorhizobium, Rhizobium and Agrobacterium. Symbiotic properties of Sinorhizobium and Rhizobium isolates showed a large diversity in their capacity to infect their host plant and fix atmospheric nitrogen. Strain RK 22 identified as Rhizobium was the most effective isolate.     

An Affordable Accurate Evaluation of the Binding Conformations Predicted by Molecular Docking Studies in Bio-System

正Recently,docking has been widely used to predict the binding-modes of protein-inhibitors,when the crystal complexes structure was absent.Most docking algorithms are able to generate a large number of probable conformations,it,however,is difficult to effectively evaluate these docking poses and identify the most reasonable bindingmode.In the present study,on the basis of the crystallographic data of human 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme     

WIMAX与WI-FI技术分析及联合组网

介绍了WiMAX与Wi-Fi两种无线宽带接入技术,并对两者之间的关系及相互之间的影响做了对比及分析,并对WiMAX的关键技术进行了详细说明,最后对两者的联合组网方式做了简单的探讨。