催化动力学光度法测定痕量铁的研究

研究在稀硫酸介质中,Fe(Ⅲ)催化过氧化氢氧化亚甲蓝褪色反应的适宜条件与动力学性质,建立了催化动力学光度法测定痕量铁的新方法.用固定时间法在645nm处监测催化反应,线性范围为0.044～40.0μg·L-1,检出限0.037μg·L-1,反应的表观速率常量为1.13×10-3s-1,表观活化能为93.3kJ·mol-1.本方法应用于农产品和蒙药样品中痕量铁的测定,相对标准偏差1.3%～4.0%,结果较为满意.     

锌催化过氧化氢氧化铬黑T动力学参数测定

研究了在酸性介质中 ,Zn2 + 对H2 O2 氧化铬黑T褪色反应的催化作用 ,以及在一定条件下反应的动力学性质 ,测定了反应的表观活化能为 1 1 5 1kJ·mol-1 ,比非催化反应降低了 2 4 6 % ,反应速率常数为 4 1 5× 1 0 -3 S-1 ,反应为假一级反应     

钒(Ⅴ)催化偶氮胂(Ⅲ)褪色反应特性的研究

研究了在磷酸介质中,钒(Ⅴ)对KIO4氧化偶氮胂(Ⅲ)褪色反应的催化作用及柠檬酸的活化作用,测定了体系的动力学性质,确定了反应的最佳条件,建立了测定痕量钒的新方法.实验表明,无柠檬酸时体系为准一级反应,表观速率常量为3.7×10-4s-1,表观活化能为99.4kJ·mol-1,钒的量在0～9.0×10-5g·L-1范围内与log(A0/A)呈线性关系,检出限为1.3×10-7g·L-1.有柠檬酸时为准零级反应,表观速率常量为1.6×10-3s-1,表观活化能为82.9kJ·mol-1,钒的量在0～5.0×10-5g·L-1范围内与ΔA呈线性关系,检出限为7.8×10-8g·L-1.本法简单快速,灵敏度较高,用于钢样中痕量钒的测定,结果较满意.     

利君沙热分解动力学的研究

利用热重分析在氮气气氛下对药物利君沙的热失重行为进行了研究.运用四种不同的动力学方程即Coats-Redfern法、Madhusudhanan-Krishnan-Ninan(MKN)法、Kissinger法和Doyle法求算出利君沙第二步热分解反应的动力学参数.结果表明:利君沙第二步热分解反应为一级反应过程,其表观活化能为174.3±7.74kJ·mol-1,频率因子lnA为35.25s-1.     

SiC合成反应的散射分布

用轨线法对C(3Pg)+SiO(X1Σ+,v=0、1,j=0)→SiC(X1Σ+)+O(3Pg)反应进行了计算,研究了两种状态下产物SiC的散射分布和微观反应机理.随初始相对碰撞平动能Et增加,产物SiC向前散射减弱,向后散射增强.对振动基态SiO(X1Σ+,v=0,j=0),Et≤4.6024×103kJ·mol-1,产物以向前散射为主;Et>4.6024×103kJ·mol-1,产物以向后散射为主.对振动激发态SiO(X1Σ+,v=1,j=0),Et≤4.1840×103kJ·mol-1,产物以向前散射为主;Et>4.1840×103kJ·mol-1,产物以向后散射为主.     

PET/LCP反应性共混酯交换动力学研究

采用1 HNMR对聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯 (PET)与液晶共聚酯 (LCP)在少量扩链剂双 (2 唑啉 )BOZ存在下反应性共混的酯交换动力学进行了研究。设反应性共混的酯交换反应是二级可逆 ,则在 2 70、2 80、2 90℃下的酯交换反应速率常数分别为 1.5 5×10 - 2 、2 .2 0× 10 - 2 、3 .0 1× 10 - 2 (min- 1 ) ,均比不含扩链剂的体系的酯交换速率快 ;取得酯交换的活化能为 84.4(kJ·mol- 1 )较一般的PET/LCP的酯交换反应活化能低 ,这些均表明BOZ的加入对于PET/LCP的酯交换反应具有明显的促进作用。     

非晶Fe77.5Si8.5B14合金晶化动力学的非等温方法研究

利用非等温差示扫描热分析法(DSC)研究了非晶Fe77.5Si8.5B14合金的晶化动力学.不同升温速率的DSC曲线表明非晶Fe77.5Si8.5B14合金的晶化过程为两步晶化.通过对不同升温速率的DSC曲线的分析,计算了两个析晶峰的晶化表观激活能E1(388.2 kJ·mol-1)和E2(339.0 kJ·mol-1),以及两个析晶峰的Avrami指数n1(1.7)和n2(3.3).根据动力学参数分析了非晶Fe77.5Si8.5B14合金的析晶机理晶化峰1的成核类型为均匀成核,晶粒生长为扩散控制的一维生长和二维生长;晶化峰2为整体析晶,晶粒生长以界面控制的二维生长和三维生长为主.最后结合表观激活能计算了两个析晶反应的频率因子ν1(4.05×1025)和ν2(1.14×1021).     

微波加热与常规加热硅锰粉固相脱硅动力学比较

采用微波加热和常规加热对硅锰粉和巴西粉锰的脱硅反应进行了动力学行为研究,以巴西粉锰为脱硅剂,与硅锰粉中的硅发生氧化还原反应.微波加热和常规加热分别加热到不同温度并保温一定时间,测定产物中硅含量并计算固相脱硅反应的表观活化能.实验表明:单一和混合料均可在微波场中快速升温.随着温度的升高和保温时间的延长,两种加热方式脱硅率均随之提高,在相同实验条件下,微波加热的脱硅率和反应速率均高于常规加热,微波加热可以提高固相脱硅率;微波加热固相脱硅反应的限制性环节为扩散环节,其表观活化能为102.93 kJ·mol-1,常规加热脱硅反应的表观活化能为180 kJ·mol-1,说明微波加热能改善固相脱硅的动力学条件,提高固相脱硅反应速率,降低脱硅反应的活化能.     

硝酸镱丙氨酸固体配合物的热化学性质

采用新型具有恒温环境的反应热量计 ,以溶解量热法分别测定了 2 98.2K时[Yb(NO3 ) 3 ·4H2 O +4Ala]和Yb(Ala) 4 (NO3 ) 3 ·H2 O在 2mol·L-1HCl溶液中的溶解焓 .通过设计热化学循环得到四水硝酸镱与丙氨酸配位反应的反应焓ΔrHm=13.80 8kJ·mol-1,进而计算出配合物Yb(Ala) 4 (NO3 ) 3 ·H2 O在 2 98.2K时的标准生成焓ΔfHθm ,2 98.2K=- 380 0 .1kJ·mol-1.     

氯丁橡胶热分解动力学研究

对国产和进口氯丁橡胶(CR)热分解动力学进行研究,结果表明,CR的热降解过程分 3步进行,N2气氛下的明显起始分解温度为 260℃,推得热分解反应级数为一级,热分解反应活化能为 148kJ·mol-1,分解反应的频率因子为 2×10-11.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.