肿瘤主动靶向磁性纳米粒子研究现状及其在肿瘤热疗中的应用

 磁性纳米粒子已广泛应用于肿瘤的成像和治疗,但限制其临床应用的重大障碍是纳米粒子在肿瘤部位不能达到足够的浓度。主动靶向磁性纳米粒子是磁性纳米粒子表面偶联特定的靶向配体,靶向性结合特定的肿瘤细胞。靶向配体的选择是提高主动靶向性的关键。主动靶向性提高了磁性纳米粒子在肿瘤组织内的浓度,减少对正常组织的毒性,从而使其在肿瘤成像与治疗成为可能。磁感应热疗利用磁介质在外加交变磁场的作用下感应发热,是一种新型的具有前景的肿瘤治疗手段。依靠磁性纳米粒子主动靶向性,磁感应热疗将更好地实现细胞内热疗,提高肿瘤治疗的疗效。     

磁热响应复合载药胶束的热化疗协同效应

以N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(NIPAM)、N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺(DMAM)为单体,通过可逆加成-断裂链转移聚合(RAFT),制备了一种临界相转变温度(LCST)为42.5℃的温敏性两亲性嵌段共聚物PLA29-b-P(NIPAM29-co-DMAM13)。通过高温前驱体分解法制备了单分散超顺磁性纳米粒子Mn_(0.6)Zn_(0.4)Fe_2O_4;并采用自组装得到了载有药物(喜树碱,CPT)和磁性纳米粒子的磁热温敏复合载药胶束。通过透射电子显微镜、紫外光分光光度计以及MTT等对该胶束的形态、药物控释能力和细胞毒性进行了研究。结果表明,该胶束具有良好的生物学和药物控释性能。同时,通过激光共聚焦显微镜与流式细胞仪研究了磁热温敏复合载药胶束在不同条件下对特定肿瘤细胞的生长抑制作用。结果表明,磁热疗和化疗的高效协同效应可促进肿瘤细胞对药物的吞噬,增强药物对肿瘤细胞的毒性。对该载药胶束的磁热化疗协同增效机制也进行了初步探究。     

磁性纳米粒子制备及其在印染厂污水处理中的应用

 选取聚合物包覆Fe3O4磁性纳米粒子作为超导磁分离污水处理工艺中的磁种,扩大超导磁分离技术在污水处理领域的应用范围。常温条件下合成Fe3O4磁性纳米粒子,利用X射线光电子能谱（XPS),高分辨透射电镜（HRTEM）和振动样品磁强计（VSM）对制备的磁性纳米粒子性质进行评价。结果发现,磁性纳米粒子直径在6～10nm,表面被含有羧基的聚合物分子链包覆,且在常温下磁性纳米粒子显示超顺磁性。随后以印染厂污水为对象,检验磁性纳米粒子对污水处理的能力。本研究主要比较污水处理前后的浊度和化学需氧量（COD值）,结果显示聚合物包裹Fe3O4磁性纳米粒子可有效去除印染厂废水中的污物。     

抗EV71多克隆抗体偶联的靶向磁性纳米颗粒对病毒的特异性富集

 手足口病是幼儿和儿童常见的一种传染病,严重时会引起患者死亡。EV71病毒（人肠道病毒71型）是引起手足口病的一种主要病毒。为寻求一条快速诊断EV71病毒感染的新方法,将兔抗EV71多克隆抗体,通过戊二醛交联法偶联在氨基硅烷修饰的磁性纳米颗粒表面,获得抗EV71多克隆抗体偶联的靶向磁性纳米颗粒用于EV71病毒的检测。通过酶联免疫、免疫荧光方法证实了抗体耦合在磁性纳米颗粒表面,并通过BCA法测得其耦合的效率为94.1%。采用抗体偶联的磁性纳米颗粒对EV71病毒液中的病毒抗原进行吸附,通过ELISA法检测上清液中病毒含量的变化,并对磁性纳米颗粒表面吸附的病毒进行免疫荧光和核酸PCR检测,证明了抗体偶联的磁性纳米颗粒可以与病毒抗原特异性结合。由于该纳米颗粒同时具有抗体的靶向性和磁性颗粒的磁响应性,对病毒抗原有较好的特异性吸附能力,可以用于低浓度大样本的EV71病毒抗原的富集检测。利用抗体偶联的靶向磁性纳米颗粒,同时具有可在病毒感染的细胞周围特异性富集和磁颗粒可在交变磁场下感应升温的双重功能,将其作为磁感应热疗的靶向介质,有望研制出病毒感染性疾病磁感应热疗的靶向介质,为靶向热疗病毒感染性疾病提供新的尝试。     

炔基修饰Fe3O4磁纳米粒子的合成及其“click”环加成反应

Fe3O4磁纳米粒子的炔基修饰包括：纳米磁性Fe3O4粒子的制备,硅胶包覆Fe3O4磁粒子,氨基修饰硅胶包覆的磁粒子,炔基修饰氨基修饰后的磁粒子.并采用苄基叠氮与所制备的炔基修饰磁Fe3O4纳米粒子进行click环加成反应.通过SEM、BET、XRD和VSM分别对Fe3O4和硅胶包覆Fe3O4的表面形貌、比表面积、晶型结构和磁性能进行表征;利用UV-Vis对磁性Fe3O4粒子表面的炔基进行半定量分析;采用FTIR对产物表面基团做定性分析.结果表明,Fe3O4磁纳米粒子平均粒径为180±20 nm,粒子呈球     

磁热温敏复合载药胶束对肿瘤细胞的热化疗协同增效研究

利用单体NIPMA、DMAM合成相转变温度(LCST)为42.5℃的两亲性嵌段共聚物,并自组装得到载有喜树碱(CPT)和磁性纳米粒子Mn_(0.6)Zn_(0.4)Fe_2O_4的磁热温敏复合载药胶束.对该胶束的细胞毒性等生物学性能和不同条件下疗效差异的机理进行研究,明确了磁热温敏复合载药胶束在不同条件下对肿瘤细胞生长的抑制作用,发现磁热疗和化疗的高效协同效应可增强CPT对肿瘤细胞的细胞毒性.同时对该复合载药胶束的磁热化疗协同增效机理进行了初步研究.     

磁流体靶向热疗对小鼠胰腺癌的作用

 为探讨磁流体靶向热疗对小鼠胰腺癌的体外和动物治疗作用,利用前期建株的小鼠胰腺腺泡细胞癌株(MPC-83)分别进行体外热疗和动物实验.对MPC-83 进行水浴热疗,分别调热疗温度为37、42、46、50℃,作用30 min,显微镜观察细胞形态变化,流式细胞仪检测凋亡和坏死细胞百分比.选择4 周龄雌性昆明种小鼠,建立MPC-83 胰腺癌皮下肿瘤模型,观察磁流体热疗(46℃和50℃)对荷瘤小鼠的作用及其病理学变化.流式细胞仪检测46℃和50℃热疗细胞凋亡和坏死百分比分别为46.13%、89.33%,与对照组比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).热疗后第14 天,46℃和50℃热疗组肿瘤生长率分别为-0.64±0.73和-0.72±0.79,与3 个对照组比较,肿瘤生长受到明显抑制(P<0.05).病理学检查示磁流体对照组,在注射磁流体24 h 可见散在的磁性纳米微粒在一定范围内分布于肿瘤细胞之间,部分肿瘤细胞和吞噬细胞吞噬了磁性纳米微粒.热疗14 d 肿瘤完全消失的小鼠皮下组织未见肿瘤细胞,可见皮下残存磁性纳米微粒,被吞噬细胞吞噬.各对照组小鼠瘤体生长旺盛,细胞核浓染分裂,可见病理性核分裂像.磁流体靶向热疗可以达到杀伤胰腺癌细胞的理想温度,能有效抑制MPC-83 胰腺癌生长,延长小鼠生存期.     

羧甲基壳聚糖磁性纳米复合物的制备与表征

采用共沉淀法制备纳米四氧化三铁磁性粒子，通过一步包埋法将四氧化三铁磁性纳米粒子用羧甲基壳聚糖进行直接包覆，制备羧甲基壳聚糖磁性纳米复合物。透射电镜观察表明：该磁性纳米复合物呈球状，平均粒径为11．6nm；Zeta电位和粒度分析结果表明：其粒度分布比较窄，平均粒径约为12nm，与电镜观察结果一致；红外光谱和热分析结果表明：Fe3O4表面成功地包覆了羧甲基壳聚糖。将该磁性纳米复合物应用于鸡血细胞基因组DNA的分离，结果表明：该磁性纳米复合物非常适合于基因组DNA的分离纯化，避免了传统苯酚一氯仿法中有毒试剂的使用，能够显著简化整个DNA的纯化制备过程。     

磁感应热疗恶性肿瘤技术研究进展

 磁感应热疗恶性肿瘤是一种基于交变磁场辐照磁介质并通过磁感应产热杀死肿瘤病变组织的新兴技术。20世纪60年代,磁感应热疗技术兴起,围绕提高热疗效果、开发兼具多重疗效的磁性介质和优化温度场分布,开展了大量研究工作,取得了显著效果。本文总结了铁磁热籽、磁流体、磁性脂质体、磁性微晶玻璃、磁性骨水泥等的实验研究与临床应用近期进展,指出进一步提高疗效、优化治疗区热场分布中存在的问题。     

磁性纳米负载催化剂在氮杂环合成上的应用研究新进展

磁性纳米负载催化剂是一种以磁性纳米粒子为磁核,二氧化硅等为磁基体保护材料,并在二氧化硅等表面负载各种化合物以实现官能团化而得到的新型催化剂,它不仅具有催化特性,还具有独特的磁响应性.磁性纳米负载催化剂在外加磁场的作用下能与反应物和产物分离,实现了催化剂的回收与重复利用,在工业生产得以连续化的同时,也降低了生产成本.介绍了磁性纳米负载催化剂的性质与分类,综述了近几年磁性纳米负载催化剂在6类重要的氮杂环化合物合成领域的应用,探讨了未来的磁性纳米负载催化剂的发展方向.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…