Effect of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole concentration on sour-corrosion behavior of API X60 pipeline steel:Electrochemical parameters and adsorption mechanism

We investigated the effect of the 2-mercaptobenzothiazole concentration on the sour-corrosion behavior of API X60 pipeline steel in an environment containing H₂S at 25°C and in the presence of 0,2.5,5.0,7.5,and 10.0 g/L of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole inhibitor.To examine this behavior,we conducted open-circuit potential(OCP),potentiodynamic polarization,and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)tests.Energy dispersive spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy were also used to analyze the corrosion products.The results of the OCP and potentiodynamic polarization tests revealed that 2-mercaptobenzothiazole reduces the speed of both the anodic and cathodic reactions.An assessment of the Gibbs free energy of the inhibitor(△G_ads^■)indicated that its value was less than-20 kJ·mol^-1and greater than-40 k J·mol^-1.Therefore,the adsorption of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole onto the surface of the API X60 pipeline steel occurs both physically and chemically,the latter of which is particularly intentional.In addition,as the△G_ads^■dsvalue was negative,we could conclude that the adsorption of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole onto the surface of the pipeline steel occurs spontaneously.The EIS results indicate that with the increase in the 2-mercaptobenzothiazole inhibitor concentration,the corrosion resistance of API X60 steel increases.An analysis of the corrosion products revealed that iron sulfide compounds form on the surface.In summary,the results showed that an increase in the inhibitor concentration results in a decrease in the corrosion rate and an increase in inhibitory efficiency.Additionally,we found that the 2-mercaptobenzothiazole adsorption process on the API X60 steel surfaces in an H2 S-containing environment follows the Langmuir adsorption isotherm and occurs spontaneously.     

Influence of oxide scales on the corrosion behaviors of B510L hot-rolled steel strips

The influence of oxide scales on the corrosion behaviors of B510L hot-rolled steel strips was investigated in this study. Focused ion beams and scanning electron microscopy were used to observe the morphologies of oxide scales on the surface and cross sections of the hot-rolled steel. Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction were used for the phase analysis of the oxide scales and corrosion products. The corrosion potential and impedance were measured by anodic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. According to the results, oxide scales on the hot-rolled strips mainly comprise iron and iron oxides. The correlation between mass gain and test time follows a power exponential rule in the damp-heat test. The corrosion products are found to be mainly composed of γ-FeOOH, Fe₃O₄, α-FeOOH, and γ-Fe₂O₃. The contents of the corrosion products are different on the surfaces of the steels with and without oxide scales. The steel with oxide scales is found to show a higher corrosion resistance and lower corrosion rate.     

Effect of melting temperature on microstructural evolutions,behavior and corrosion morphology of Hadfield austenitic manganese steel in the casting process

In this study, the effect of melting temperature on the microstructural evolutions, behavior, and corrosion morphology of Hadfield steel in the casting process is investigated. The mold was prepared by the sodium silicate/CO₂ method, using a blind riser, and then the desired molten steel was obtained using a coreless induction furnace. The casting was performed at melting temperatures of 1350, 1400, 1450, and 1500℃, and the cast blocks were immediately quenched in water. Optical microscopy was used to analyze the microstructure, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffractrometry (XRD) were used to analyze the corrosion morphology and phase formation in the microstructure, respectively. The corrosion behavior of the samples was analyzed using a potentiodynamic polarization test and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in 3.5wt% NaCl. The optical microscopy observations and XRD patterns show that the increase in melting temperature led to a decrease of carbides and an increase in the austenite grain size in the Hadfield steel microstructure. The corrosion tests results show that with increasing melting temperature in the casting process, Hadfield steel shows a higher corrosion resistance. The SEM images of the corrosion morphologies show that the reduction of melting temperature in the Hadfield steel casting process induced micro-galvanic corrosion conditions.     

含铬合金钢在碳化混凝土孔隙溶液中的抗氯性

The effect of carbonation on the chloride resistance of low-carbon steel and two Cr-bearing alloy steels in simulated concrete pore solutions was investigated. The chloride threshold values of steels were determined on the basis of corrosion potential (E_corr) and polarization resistance (R_p). Moreover, the chloride-induced corrosion behavior of steels was evaluated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, cathodic potentiodynamic polarization, and scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy measurements. Alloy steels have higher chloride resistance than low-carbon steel in carbonated and non-carbonated concrete pore solutions. The chloride resistance of alloy steels improves with increasing Cr content. In addition, the chloride resistance of all steels is negatively affected by the carbonation of concrete pore solution, especially for alloy steel with high Cr content in the presence of high chloride content.     

Influence of mill scale and rust layer on the corrosion resistance of low-alloy steel in simulated concrete pore solution

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic potentiodynamic polarization measurements, and scanning electron microscopy in conjunction with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were used to investigate the influence of mill scale and rust layer on the passivation capability and chloride-induced corrosion behaviors of conventional low-carbon (LC) steel and low-alloy (LA) steel in simulated concrete pore solution. The results show that mill scale exerts different influences on the corrosion resistance of both steels at various electrochemical stages. We propose that the high long-term corrosion resistance of LA steel is mainly achieved through the synergistic effect of a gradually formed compact, adherent and well-distributed Cr-enriched inner rust layer and the physical barrier protection effect of mill scale.     

Surface characteristics and corrosion resistance of biodegradable magnesium alloy ZK60 modifi ed by Fe ion implantati on and deposition

The ZK60 magnesium alloy has been modified by Fe ion implantation and deposition with a metal vapor vacuum arc plasma source. The surface morphology, phase constituent and elemental distribution are determined by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometer and Auger electron spectroscopy. The results show that Fe thin film is deposited on ZK60 alloy and the corresponding thickness increases from 2.73 μm to 6.36 μm with increasing deposition time. A transition layer mainly composed of Mg, Fe and O elements is formed between Fe thin film and ZK60 substrate. The potentiodynamic polarization tests reveal that a high corrosion potential and a low corrosion current density are detected for the Fe deposited ZK60 alloy, indicating the improvement of corrosion resistance. The tensile deformation test indicates that the Fe deposited film on the ZK60 substrate can sustain 1% tensile strain without any cracks.     

Preparation of electroless Ni–P composite coatings containing nano-scattered alumina in presence of polymeric surfactant

Ni–P electroless coating was applied on low carbon steel with the incorporation of different amounts of nano Al2O3 powder (ranging from 3 g/l to 30 g/l) in electroless bath. Corrosion properties and microstructures of the coating were studied. The dispersion stability of alumina colloidal particles stabilized by polymeric (non-ionic) surfactants in an electroless bath was also investigated. The surface morphology and the relevant structure were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Corrosion behavior of the coated steel was evaluated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and polarization techniques. The results showed that increasing alumina concentration not only changed the surface morphology, but also promoted the corrosion resistance. Addition of surfactants has an indirect effect on the amount of the incorporated particles. Meanwhile, in the presence of surfactant, corrosion resistance of Ni–P coating containing even a small quantity of alumina was improved since a stabilized bath was obtained.     

Corrosion behavior of as-cast Mg–8Li–3Al+xCe alloy in 3.5wt% NaCl solution

Mg–8Li–3Al+xCe alloys (x = 0.5wt%, 1.0wt%, and 1.5wt%) were prepared through a casting route in an electric resistance furnace under a controlled atmosphere. The cast alloys were characterized by X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The corrosion behavior of the as-cast Mg–8Li–3Al+xCe alloys were studied under salt spray tests in 3.5wt% NaCl solution at 35°C, in accordance with standard ASTM B–117, in conjunction with potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) tests. The results show that the addition of Ce to Mg–8Li–3Al (LA83) alloy results in the formation of Al₂Ce intermetallic phase, refines both the α-Mg phase and the Mg₁₇Al₁₂ intermetallic phase, and then increases the microhardness of the alloys. The results of PDP and salt spray tests reveal that an increase in Ce content to 1.5wt% decreases the corrosion rate. The best corrosion resistance is observed for the LA83 alloy sample with 1.0wt% Ce.     

Corrosion behavior of Ni–P/nano-TiC composite coating prepared in electroless baths containing different types of surfactant

In current research, in order to enhance the incorporation of nano-sized TiC particles into electroless Ni–P (EN) coating, different types of surfactant (cationic, anionic, and polymeric) were added to the plating bath. The effects of addition of the surfactants on surface morphology, deposition rate, TiC and P contents of the prepared coatings were investigated. The surface morphology was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was demonstrated that in the presence of the anionic, polymeric and somehow cationic surfactants, TiC nano-particles were embedded in the matrix which influenced the surface morphology. The effect of surfactant types on the corrosion properties of Ni–P/TiC coated steel was also studied. Corrosion behavior of the coated steel was evaluated by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) which affected by the incorporation of TiC particles into the Ni–P matrix. The level of corrosion resistance improvement depended largely on the phosphorous and TiC concentration of the applied coating.     

Effects of heat treatment on the corrosion resistance of carbon steel coated with LaMgAl11O19 thermal barrier coatings

LaMgAl11O19 thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) were applied to carbon steels with a NiCoCrAlY bond coat by plasma spraying. The effects of heat treatment on the corrosion resistance of carbon steel coated with LaMgAl11O19 TBCs were investigated in 3.5wt% NaCl solution using polarization curves, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffrac-tion (XRD). The results show that a large number of cracks are found in the LaMgAl11O19 TBCs after the samples are heat-treated, including some through-thickness cracks. The corrosion forms of the as-sprayed and heat-treated TBCs are uniform corrosion and pitting corrosion, respectively. The as-sprayed TBCs exhibit three EIS time constants after being immersed for less than 7 d, and then a new time constant ap-pears because of steel substrate corrosion. When the immersion time is increased to 56 d, a Warburg impedance (W) component appears in the EIS data. The EIS data for the heat-treated TBCs exhibit only two time constants after the samples are immersed for less than 14 d, and a new time constant appears when the immersion time is increased further. The heat treatment reduces the corrosion resistance of carbon steel coated with LaMgAl11O19 TBCs. The corrosion products are primarilyγ-FeOOH and Fe3O4.     

X60管线钢土壤腐蚀的统计分析

为了寻找埋地输油管线土壤腐蚀的规律,为管道腐蚀失效可靠性分析提供参考,通过X60管线钢在陕京管线典型土壤环境中的埋片腐蚀实验,对9个平行试样的腐蚀速率和最大腐蚀坑深度进行了统计分析.采用平均秩作为累积概率的估计值,在正态概率坐标纸上检验腐蚀参数的分布规律.结果表明,平均腐蚀速率服从正态分布,最大腐蚀坑深度的对数服从正态分布.     

NaCl污染土中含水量和电阻率对腐蚀速率的影响

以太原典型粉土为研究对象,采用失重法测试经过14 d、28 d、56 d后,X70钢在Na Cl污染粉土中的腐蚀速率。试验结果显示,随着含水量的增加,腐蚀速率呈现出先增大后减小的趋势;且在含水量17%左右时,腐蚀速率达到一个峰值;在通常含水量情况下,随着电阻率的增大,其腐蚀速率减小;当含水量在17%左右、电阻率较小的情况下,土壤的腐蚀速率达最大;当含水量很小或者达到饱和时,无论土壤电阻率怎样变化,其腐蚀速率都达到最小。     

16Mn管道钢土壤腐蚀速率描述的人工神经网络方法

应用人工神经网络方法建立了 1 6Mn钢管道材料在土壤环境中的腐蚀速率描述模型 .利用土壤腐蚀速率的试验数据训练所建立的腐蚀速率描述模型 ,结果表明 :采用土壤的含水率、土壤环境中阴离子 SO42 -,CO3 2 -,HCO3 -,Cl-的含量和土壤电阻率 6个参数可以很好地描述 1 6Mn钢管道材料在土壤中腐蚀速率的变化规律 .应用所建立的模型分析了土壤含水率和土壤中阴离子含量对土壤腐蚀速率的影响 ,含水率是最显著的影响因素 ,阴离子的影响较小     

Ni-Cr-Mo-Cu-Mx合金耐晶间腐蚀及点蚀性能

向镍基耐蚀合金中添加Ti、Fe元素,采用手工电弧炉熔炼制备新型Ni-Cr-Mo-Cu-Mx耐蚀合金,用化学浸泡法、电化学法(极化曲线法、循环伏安法)对其耐晶间腐蚀和耐点蚀能力进行研究.结果表明:在Ni-Cr-Mo-Cu合金中加入Ti元素可以增强其耐晶间腐蚀能力,减弱其耐点蚀的能力;加入Fe元素会降低Ni-Cr-Mo-Cu合金耐晶间腐蚀的能力,但提高该合金耐点蚀的能力;实验合金晶间腐蚀与点蚀的电化学行为和特征与其浸泡腐蚀的结果是吻合的.     

Ni-Cr-Mo-Cu合金介质腐蚀和电化学腐蚀的性能

在Cr、Mo成分一定的情况下,通过改变Cu的质量分数(1%～5%),研究新型Ni-Cr-Mo-Cu高镍耐蚀合金在氧化性介质、还原性介质、氧化-还原性介质和质量分数6%的FeCl3中的耐蚀性能及其在H2SO4、HCl和FeCl3中的电化学行为.实验结果表明,w(Cu)=1%～5%的Ni-Cr-Mo-Cu合金具有优良的耐介质腐蚀、电化学腐蚀性能,在质量分数80%的H2SO4中钝化明显,在质量分数30%的HCl中自腐蚀电流低,在质量分数6%的FeCl3中有钝化区且未发生点蚀.4种实验材料中w(Cu)=3%的合金综合耐蚀性能最好,在质量分数80%的 H2SO4中有更宽的钝化平台和更低的维钝电流.     

抗盐渍土侵蚀混凝土的工程实践与试验研究

通过盐渍土对建筑物混凝土及钢筋混凝土的腐蚀情况调查、工程实践及试验研究,结合现有防腐效果,提出新的防腐处理措施,来解决目前青海高原地区建筑物受盐渍土强烈腐蚀的问题。     

一种过程神经元网络在管道土壤腐蚀速率预测中的应用

针对管道材料在土壤环境中的腐蚀速率预测问题,构建了一种基于过程神经元网络的动态预测模型.模型较好地模拟了金属在土壤环境中的腐蚀过程.文中给出了过程神经元网络预测模型和具体实现算法,对Q235钢管道材料在土壤中的腐蚀速率进行预测.结果表明:采用该方法得到的预测数据与实测值非常接近.验证了模型和算法的有效性.     

不同生物炭进入土壤后对304不锈钢腐蚀的影响

生物炭在土壤应用过程,不可避免地会对与土壤之间接触的机械设备部分产生腐蚀作用。为探究生物炭应用于农业生产中对机械设备以及金属工具损耗的影响,采用分别在700、400和100℃温度下裂解制备的小麦秸秆生物炭(WB)、水稻秸秆生物炭(RB)和松木生物炭(PB)的生物炭对304不锈钢板材进行腐蚀处理,并测量其极化曲线和电化学阻抗谱和腐蚀表现。结果表明:与空白组(CK)对比,相较于304不锈钢的腐蚀速率,在施入WB的土壤中,腐蚀速率会随着WB裂解温度的增大而增大;而加入RB的土壤会加剧不锈钢的腐蚀,其中在加入400℃RB的土壤中腐蚀速率达到最大;这是因为WB和RB的加入会提升土壤中的Cl~-含量至足以达到点蚀效应的程度加速了不锈钢板材的腐蚀。与此同时,发现100℃制备的PB生物炭可以抑制不锈钢的腐蚀。总而言之,不同生物质和制备温度的生物炭在土壤实际应用中表现出不同的腐蚀和抗腐蚀特性,因此深入研究这些方面将为其农业应用具有深远影响。     

阻锈剂对聚合物水泥基涂层耐蚀性的影响机制

氯离子侵蚀严重威胁沿海地区钢筋混凝土构件的耐久性。提升钢筋的抗锈蚀能力可显著增强构件整体的耐久性能。对此,以丙乳与P·O 52.5水泥质量比1∶2的聚合物水泥基涂层为基础研究对象,通过单掺及复掺亚硝酸钠、钼酸钠以及单氟磷酸钠,制备复合涂层,基于电化学试验,探究各复合涂层对钢筋的阻锈机理,进一步分析无机阻锈剂对聚合物水泥基涂层耐腐蚀性能的交互影响。单掺试验结果表明,虽然涂层中丙乳的碱性基团为钢筋表面形成钝化膜提供了有利条件,但钼酸钠的加入会破坏生成的钝化膜的致密性。同样的,若仅少量单独掺入单氟磷酸钠,会导致其与水泥或钢基体反应所生成的Ca₃(PO₄)₂与Fe₃(PO₄)₂含量不足,无法保障钝化膜的顺利成型,因而单掺钼酸钠或单氟磷酸钠均无法显著提升复合涂层的阻锈性能。而亚硝酸钠可与锈蚀产物直接反应生成新钝化膜,可有效地延缓锈蚀发展,因此亚硝酸钠在单掺组分中表现出最佳阻锈性能。合理复掺条件下,亚硝酸钠与单氟磷酸钠对聚合物水泥基涂层抗锈蚀效果存在协调与兼容效应,并...     

含水量对X70钢在大港滨海盐渍土壤中腐蚀行为的影响

采用极化曲线、电化学交流阻抗等技术对X70钢在含水量20%～34%(质量分数)的大港滨海盐渍土中的腐蚀行为进行研究.结果表明:土壤含水量对X70钢腐蚀行为影响显著;水质量分数为25%时X70钢发生局部腐蚀,水质量分数高于30%时发生均匀腐蚀;随着土壤中含水量的增加,腐蚀电流密度先增后减,在水质量分数为25%时腐蚀速率达到最大;含水量较低时,X70钢在大港滨海盐渍土中腐蚀的电化学阻抗谱会出现低频感抗弧,随着含水量的增加,低频感抗弧消失,表现为单一的容抗弧.