氧化锌矿物浸出渣中铅、锶的提取及动力学分析

NH₄HCO₃ conversion followed by HCl leaching was performed and proven to be effective in extracting Pb and Sr from zinc extracted residual. The mechanism and operating conditions of NH₄HCO₃ conversion, including molar ratio of NH₄HCO₃ to zinc extracted residual, NH₄HCO₃ concentration, conversion temperature, conversion time, and stirring velocity, were discussed, and operating conditions were optimized by the orthogonal test. Experimental results indicate that NH₄HCO₃ conversion at temperatures ranging from 25 to 85°C follows the shrinking unreacted core model and is controlled by inner diffusion through the product layer. The extraction ratios of Pb and Sr under optimized conditions reached 85.15% and 87.08%, respectively. Moreover, the apparent activation energies of Pb and Sr were 13.85 and 13.67 kJ·mol?1, respectively.     

皮秒Nd:YAG激光对生物金属纯Ti和Ti–13Nb–13Zr合金的表面改性

The effects of picosecond Nd:YAG laser irradiation on chemical and morphological surface characteristics of the commercially pure titanium and Ti–13Nb–13Zr alloy in air and argon atmospheres were studied under different laser output energy values. During the interaction of laser irradiation with the investigated materials, a part of the energy was absorbed on the target surface, influencing surface modifications. Laser beam interaction with the target surface resulted in various morphological alterations, resulting in crater formation and the presence of microcracks and hydrodynamic structures. Moreover, different chemical changes were induced on the target materials’ surfaces, resulting in the titanium oxide formation in the irradiation-affected area and consequently increasing the irradiation energy absorption. Given the high energy absorption at the site of interaction, the dimensions of the surface damaged area increased. Consequently, surface roughness increased. The appearance of surface oxides also led to the increased material hardness in the surface-modified area. Observed chemical and morphological changes were pronounced after laser irradiation of the Ti–13Nb–13Zr alloy surface.     

基于响应曲面法的铁焦冶金性能多目标协同优化

Iron carbon agglomerates (ICA) are used to realize low-carbon blast furnace ironmaking. In this study, the central composite design based on response surface methodology was used to synergistically optimize the compressive strength, reactivity, and post-reaction strength of ICA. Results show that the iron ore addition ratio significantly influences the compressive strength, reactivity, and post-reaction strength of ICA. The iron ore addition ratio and carbonization temperature or the iron ore addition ratio and carbonization time exert significant interaction effects on the compressive strength and reactivity of ICA, but it has no interaction effects on the post-reaction strength of ICA. In addition, the optimal process parameters are as follows: iron ore addition ratio of 15.30wt%, carbonization temperature of 1000°C, and carbonization time of 4.27 h. The model prediction results of compressive strength, reactivity, and post-reaction strength are 4026 N, 55.03%, and 38.24%, respectively, which are close to the experimental results and further verify the accuracy and reliability of the models.     

汽车用废弃锂离子电池的减量化、再生及回收研究进展

The demand for Li-ion batteries (LIBs) for vehicles is increasing. However, LIBs use valuable rare metals, such as Co and Li, as well as environmentally toxic reagents. LIBs are also necessary to utilize for a long period and to recycle useful materials. The reduction, reuse, and recycle (3R) of spent LIBs is an important consideration in constructing a circular economy. In this paper, a flowsheet of the 3R of LIBs is proposed and methods to reduce the utilization of valuable rare metals and the amount of spent LIBs by remanufacturing used parts and designing new batteries considering the concept of 3R are described. Next, several technological processes for the reuse and recycling of LIBs are introduced. These technologies include discharge, sorting, crushing, binder removal, physical separation, and pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical processing. Each process, as well as the related physical, chemical, and biological treatments, are discussed. Finally, the problem of developed technologies and future subjects for 3R of LIBs are described.     

传统加热和微波加热下氧化锰矿的碳热还原行为研究

For the purpose of exploring a potential process to produce FeMn, the effects of microwave heating on the carbothermal reduction characteristics of oxidized Mn ore was investigated. The microwave heating curve of the mixture of oxidized Mn ore and coke was analyzed in association with the characterization of dielectric properties. The comparative experiments were conducted on the carbothermal reductions through conventional and microwave heatings at temperatures ranging from 973 to 1373 K. The thermogravimetric analysis showed that carbothermal reactions under microwave heating proceeded to a greater extent and at a faster pace compared with those under conventional heating. The metal phases were observed in the microstructures only under microwave heating. The carbothermal reduction process under microwave heating was discussed. The electric and magnetic susceptibility differences were introduced into the thermodynamics analysis for the formation of metal Mn. The developed thermodynamics considered that microwave heating could make the reduction of MnO to Mn more accessible and increase the reduction extent.     

机械合金化法制备的Cu/SiC纳米复合材料的组织、热性能和力学性能评估

Nano-sized silicon carbide (SiC: 0wt%, 1wt%, 2wt%, 4wt%, and 8wt%) reinforced copper (Cu) matrix nanocomposites were manufactured, pressed, and sintered at 775 and 875°C in an argon atmosphere. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy were performed to characterize the microstructural evolution. The density, thermal expansion, mechanical, and electrical properties were studied. XRD analyses showed that with increasing SiC content, the microstrain and dislocation density increased, while the crystal size decreased. The coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of the nanocomposites was less than that of the Cu matrix. The improvement in the CTE with increasing sintering temperature may be because of densification of the microstructure. Moreover, the mechanical properties of these nanocomposites showed noticeable enhancements with the addition of SiC and sintering temperatures, where the microhardness and apparent strengthening efficiency of nanocomposites containing 8wt% SiC and sintered at 875°C were 958.7 MPa and 1.07 vol%?1, respectively. The electrical conductivity of the sample slightly decreased with additional SiC and increased with sintering temperature. The prepared Cu/SiC nanocomposites possessed good electrical conductivity, high thermal stability, and excellent mechanical properties.     

空冷条件下钛渣颗粒的氧化路径及氧化动力学

The oxidation pathway and kinetics of titania slag powders in air were analyzed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) andthermogravimetry (TG). The oxidation pathway of titania slag powder in air was divided into three stages according to their three exothermic peaks and three corresponding mass gain stages indicated by the respective non-isothermal DSC and TG curves. The isothermal oxidation kin-etics of high titania slag powders of different sizes were analyzed using the ln-ln analysis method. The results revealed that the entire isotherm-al oxidation process comprises two stages. The kinetic mechanism of the first stage can be described as f (α)=1.77 (1?α) [?ln (1?α)](1.77?1)/1.77 , f (α)=1.97 (1?α) [?ln (1?α)](1.97?1)/1.97 , and f (α)=1.18 (1?α) [?ln (1?α)](1.18?1)/1.18 . The kinetic mechanism of the second stage for all samples can be described as f (α)=1.5(1?α)2/3[1?(1?α)1/3]?1 . The activation energies of titania slag powders with different sizes (d1 < 0.075 mm, 0.125 mm < d2 < 0.150 mm, and 0.425 mm < d3 < 0.600 mm) for different reaction degrees were calculated. For the given experimental conditions, the rate-controlling step in the first oxidation stage of all the samples is a chemical reaction. The rate-controlling steps of the second oxidation stage are a chemical reaction and internal diffusion (for powders d1 < 0.075 mm) and internal diffusion (for powders 0.125 mm < d2 <0.150 mm and 0.425 mm < d3 < 0.600 mm).     

烧结铁矿中FeO含量对其在富氢高炉中还原行为的影响

Japan started the national project “COURSE 50” for CO₂ reduction in the 2000s. This project aimed to establish novel technologies to reduce CO₂ emissions with partially utilization of hydrogen in blast furnace-based ironmaking by 30% by around 2030 and use it for practical applications by 2050. The idea is that instead of coke, hydrogen is used as the reducing agent, leading to lower fossil fuel consumption in the process. It has been reported that the reduction behavior of hematite, magnetite, calcium ferrite, and slag in the sinter is different, and it is also considerably influenced by the sinter morphology. This study aimed to investigate the reduction behavior of sinters in hydrogen enriched blast furnace with different mineral morphologies in CO–CO₂–H₂ mixed gas. As an experimental sample, two sinter samples with significantly different hematite and magnetite ratios were prepared to compare their reduction behaviors. The reduction of wustite to iron was carried out at 1000, 900, and 800°C in a CO–CO₂–H₂ atmosphere for the mineral morphology-controlled sinter, and the following findings were obtained. The reduction rate of smaller amount of FeO led to faster increase of the reduction rate curve at the initial stage of reduction. Macro-observations of reduced samples showed that the reaction proceeded from the outer periphery of the sample toward the inside, and a reaction interface was observed where reduced iron and wustite coexisted. Micro-observations revealed three layers, namely, wustite single phase in the center zone of the sample, iron single phase in the outer periphery zone of the sample, and iron oxide-derived wustite FeO and iron, or calcium ferrite-derived wustite 'FeO' and iron in the reaction interface zone. A two-interface unreacted core model was successfully applied for the kinetic analysis of the reduction reaction, and obtained temperature dependent expressions of the chemical reaction coefficients from each mineral phases.     

铁酸锌焙烧后的还原行为及氨浸特性

A novel method for recovering zinc from zinc ferrite by reduction roasting–ammonia leaching was studied in this paper. The reduction thermodynamic of zinc ferrite by CO was analyzed. The effects of roasting parameters on the phase transformation and conversion rate of zinc ferrite, and the leaching behavior of zinc from the reductive roasted samples by ammonia leaching, were experimentally investigated. The mineralogical phase compositions and chemical compositions of the samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction and chemical titration methods, respectively. The results showed that most of the zinc ferrite was transformed to zinc oxide and magnetite after weak reduction roasting. 86.43% of the zinc ferrite was transformed to zinc oxide under the optimum conditions: CO partial pressure of 25%, roasting temperature of 750°C, and roasting duration of 45 min. Finally, under the optimal leaching conditions, 78.12% of zinc was leached into the solution from the roasted zinc ferrite while all iron-bearing materials were kept in the leaching residue. The leaching conditions are listed as follows: leaching duration of 90 min, ammonia solution with 6 mol/L concentration, leaching temperature of 50°C, solid-to-liquid ratio of 40 g/L, and stirring speed of 200 r/min.     

放电等离子烧结制备石墨烯纳米片增强7075铝合金复合材料的力学性能

A 0.3wt% graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) reinforced 7075 aluminum alloy matrix (7075 Al) composite was fabricated by spark plasma sintering and its strength and wear resistance were investigated. The microstructures of the internal structure, the friction surface, and the wear debris were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy. Compared with the original 7075 aluminum alloy, the hardness and elastic modulus of the 7075 Al/GNPs composite were found to have increased by 29% and 36%, respectively. The results of tribological experiments indicated that the composite also exhibited a lower wear rate than the original 7075 aluminum alloy.     

美国地缘环境解析及其对中国的启示

 基于地缘环境理论，构建了地缘环境解析框架，从地理环境、地缘关系、地缘结构和地缘空间4个层次对美国地缘环境的动态变化进行了系统的解析。地理环境赋予美国有利的地理位置、优越的地理条件、绝对的地缘优势和拥有世界权力的可能。美国的地缘关系在其发展过程中呈现出对抗、竞争、合作、同盟等多种形式。地缘结构具有重要功能，倒三角结构、多极结构、两极结构、一超多强结构带给美国地缘政治、地缘经济、地缘文化等方面的地位、权力和利益，美国面对中国崛起的地缘理念结构亟需更新。美国主要的地缘空间横跨北美洲、亚洲及欧洲，可划分为腹地、核心地缘空间、海洋地缘空间和外围地缘支点。进入21世纪，美国的国内、国际环境正在发生深刻变化，其对外关系与地缘战略也呈现出新一轮的变动和调整，以适应新的地缘环境。中国在和平崛起过程中可以通过建设潜在的印度洋通道、构建互利共赢的“朋友圈”、制定自身发展的地缘战略等手段积极塑造自身的地缘环境，破解错综复杂的地缘环境问题，维护中国地缘安全。     

数字环境下的图书馆信息资源编目

数字环境下，图书馆不但要对以印刷型出版物为主的实体信息资源进行编目，还要对以各种联机数据库、电子出版物和其他动态信息为代表的网络信息资源进行整序。为适应网络信息资源编目的需要，图书馆可在编目格式上有所突破，通过完善和发展MARC格式以及利用元数据两种方式对网络信息资源进行编目，同时需对编目成果进行整合．实现MARC之间、元数据之间以及MARC与元数据之间的兼容与互换。     

谈城市建设实施中参与人群的角色干预

主要讨论在土地和资产开发的城市建设实施的过程中,通过对于土地所有者、开发者、使用者和设计者等角色本身以及相互关系与影响的认知,对政府、开发者以及公众角色的转换与干预的进行分析,并结合其在建设开发中对建设实施品质的保障作用,了解城市建设实施的过程中角色的特性、职能等相关要素,强调在建设实施的过程中,对于角色相互关系的梳理,在某种程度上影响与决定了开发的品质,对项目的实施起到了决定性的作用.以此进一步完善城市实施体系中的综合性与复杂性.     

基于声学的木材无损检测技术研究进展

 声学的无损检测方法具有成本低、易于携带、无辐射、检测速度快等优点,在木材领域内广泛应用。阐述了基于声学的常见6种无损检测方法,包括冲击应力波法、超声波速法、共振法、声发射、声-超声和层析成像技术的基本原理,并对其特点进行了分析与比较。介绍了这些方法在木材工业中的应用,包括对木材的物理力学特性的评估、木材内部缺陷的检测。综述了提高检测精度的研究现状,分析了基于声学的木材无损检测研究中存在的困难。展望了木材无损检测设备在信号源、信号传输机理、信号分析与处理、便携性与实时性等方面的发展趋势。     

化学基础教学实验室评估的体会

通过开展评估工作的有效地促进了化学基础课教学实验室的建设和发展，改善了实验教学手段，推动了实验室教学和管理体制改革，加强了实验室的规范化管理，提高了实验教学水平和投资效益．     

论时空与篮球运动的发展

时间和空间在篮球运动中有着明确的规定,二者的辩证关系广泛地存在于篮球比赛的技术和战术之中．篮球规则的修改是从时间和空间人手,逐渐细化和严格起来的,规则的修改促进了篮球技术和战术的不断发展．现代篮球的基本技战术是基于对时空的不同侧重而建立起来的时空框架,从时空的视角审视篮球有利于加深对现代篮球技战术的理解．     

Evolution of plant reproduction: From fusion and dispersal to interaction and communication

Based on the existing data concerning the evolution of the sexual reproduction, it is argued that the processes of sex differentiation and interactions play a key role in evolution. From the beginning environment and organism are unified. In a changing dynamic environment life originates and the interaction between life and environment develops from simple to more complex organisms. Sexual reproduction is introduced after the origin of meiosis and is a key process in evolution. The asexual reproduction process prepares to dispersal. Sexual reproduction process adds the genome renewal and the gamete-gamete interaction. Reproduction and dispersal are connected and the process of reproduction has similarities between asexual and sexual reproduction. Unicellular algae develop the physiological and morphological sex differentiation. Sex differentiation is connected with the way of dispersal. The step to multicellular plants introduces cell isolation after meiosis and by the stay on the mother plant within a cell or organ, plant-cell apoplastic interaction originates and by prolonged stay the plant-plant interaction. This stay influences the type of dispersal. A life cycle with alternation of generations and two moments of dispersal permits plants to go on land. In ferns a shift in the moment of sex differentiation to meiospore happens and the stay of the macrospore leads to the seed plants. In water all types of sexual reproduction, interactions and the alternation of generations are prepared and these are used to conquest land. On land the biotic dispersal is realized. The phylogeny of sexual reproduction reveals that the sex differentiation and interaction are the main causes in the evolution of sexual reproduction. Sexual reproduction shows interactions during gamete fusion, between organism and environment and in multicellular plants between organisms. With respect to other types of interaction as in symbiosis or the nutrient chain, interaction is considered as an important action which is based on a persisting cooperation and points to a push during evolution. The push is expressed as communication： the driving force in the evolution. Based on the interactions between organisms and interactions between organisms and the dynamic environment, communication is considered as a driving force leading to the evolution as explained in the development of plant reproduction. Consequences for reproduction, its regulation and the process of evolution are discussed.     

语言理据性和任意性新论

任意性和理据性是语言学领域长期争论不休的话题,在前人研究的基础上从新的角度尝试提出以下观点:理据性是语言的根本原则和首要原则,任意性是建立在理据性基础之上的,是语言的第二原则;理据性和任意性都反映了语言的主观性、创造性和客观性;理据性和任意性相辅相成相得益彰,共同促进语言的产生、发展和进化。     

准噶尔盆地南缘小渠子地区勘探目标选择

针对小渠子地区构造形态落实不清楚的问题,在以往构造认识的基础上,充分利用地震、钻井、地面地质等资料,重新解释该区地震剖面。研究认为,西马庄背斜不存在,是妖魔山背斜向西南倾伏的鼻状构造;北小渠子背斜圈闭面积和闭合度明显增加,是有利勘探目标。综合分析该区烃源条件、构造演化、油气热演化、储盖组合及保存条件,认为构造成因是控制油气藏的关键因素。燕山期,南部掀斜作用使小渠子南部的二叠系、三叠系、侏罗系拗陷转变为隆起区,乌鲁木齐向斜中的相当一部分油气持续向南运移,其中的一部分通过断裂运移至南小渠子背斜带,是该区至今末获得较大突破的重要原因。南小渠子背斜具有形成早、发育时间长、圈闭面积大、闭合度高、储层物性较好的优越性,二叠系红雁池组、芦草沟组自生自储组合是下一步的勘探目标。北小渠子背斜具有良好的生、储、盖组合,虽然上仓房沟群、小泉沟群储层物性条件差,对成藏不利,但下仓房沟群中下部及以下地层未钻揭,其储层条件及成藏条件是下步研究目标。     

做好"服务"文章促进新余发展--关于新余高专为地方经济和社会发展服务的思考

新余高专为新余的建设发展服务，有着重大的意义，是新余经济和社会、文化发展的迫切需要，是新余高专的职能和义务，也是学校生存与发展的需要。服务的途径有：办好普通本专科教育，构筑人才高地，为新余培养各种高级专门实用型人才；通过开办成人教育和短期培训，为本地人员提供继续教育，终身教育服务，为工业园区、农村、非公有制经济和下岗失业人员提供就业再就业培训；面向新余经济、文化建设主战场，与校外人员一道开展科学研究，联合攻关，并积极将科研成果转化为生产力；组织师生开展社会实践和大学生志愿者社区援助活动，提供第三产业服务：开展对外宣传，为新余招商引资、吸纳外地高素质青年人才落户新余、服务新余作出贡献；充分发挥民主党派参政议政作用，推动我市开放型经济发展和政治文明建设。