云南轿子山腋花杜鹃菌根多样性研究

以云南轿子山野生的腋花杜鹃为研究对象,利用石蜡切片、根系透明染色,观察腋花杜鹃菌根的解剖结构,检测菌根的侵染率及研究根系共生菌根真菌的形态多样性;采用形态鉴定的方法研究根际土壤AM真菌的物种多样性;采取形态学结合rDNA ITS序列测序方法,研究杜鹃植物根系共生真菌的物种多样性。结果表明:轿子山腋花杜鹃的菌根真菌具有3种类型:杜鹃花类菌根真菌(ERM)、丛枝菌根(AM)真菌及暗色有隔内生真菌(DSE);菌根侵染率与AMF孢子密度之间的相关性是0.884,呈显著的正相关关系;其中从土壤样品中分离鉴定出4属5种AMF孢子,分别为瑞氏无梗囊霉(Acaulospora rehmii),大巨孢囊霉(Gigaspora gigantea),布氏球囊霉(Glomus brohultii)和沙生球囊霉(Glomus arenarium),美丽盾巨孢囊霉(Scutellospora calospora);从腋花杜鹃中共分离出1株与杜鹃花类菌根真菌Cryptosporiopsis ericae,1株与根相关的真菌,2株菌根真菌共生真菌Dreschlera sp.,Periconia sp..     

豫南茶园VA菌根真菌种类研究

对豫南茶园VA菌根真菌形态、种类、种群频度、孢子密度及自然侵染率进行观察与测定。结果表明,茶树VA菌根菌的结构可分为根外、根表和根内3部分。豫南茶园VA菌根真菌有4属12种。其中,光壁无梗囊霉(Acaulospora laevis)、聚丛球囊霉(Glomus aggregatum)、幼套球囊霉(Glomus etunicatum)是该区茶园VA菌根菌优势种。豫南各茶园VA菌根真菌的自然侵染率普遍较高,孢子密度差异较大,孢子密度及自然侵染率一般随土层的加深而降低。     

定西几种旱生植物VA菌根真菌调查

对7种旱生植物VA菌根真菌进行了分离,共鉴定出15种VA菌根真菌：1.地球囊霉（Glomus geosporum Nicolson＆Gerdemann）2.西球囊霉（G.mosseae Nicolson＆Gerdemann）3副冠球囊霉（Glomus coronatum Giovannetti）4.缩球囊霉（Glomus constrictum Trappe）5.集球囊霉（Glomus fasciculatu Gerd.＆Trappe emend.Walker＆Koske）6.白色球囊霉（Glomus albidum Walker＆Rhodes）7.网状球囊霉（Glomus reticulatum Bhattchar jee＆Mukerji）8.聚丛球囊霉（Glomus aggregatum Schenck＆Smith emend）9.近明球囊霉（Glomus claroideum Schenck＆Smith）10.单孢球囊霉（Glomus monosporum Gerd.＆Trappe）11.地表球囊霉（G.versiforme Karsten）12.苏格兰球囊霉（G.caledonium Nicolson＆Gerdemann）13.根内球囊霉（Glomus intraradices Schenck＆Smith）14.巨大巨孢囊霉（Gigaspora gigantean Gerd.＆Trappe）15.珍珠巨孢囊霉（Gigaspora margarita Becker＆Hall）。本文对这15种VA菌根真菌的主要形态进行了描述,并分析了其侵染率和分布规律。     

不同基质条件下丛枝菌根真菌对桑树生长的影响

【目的】研究不同基质条件下桑树接种丛枝菌根(AM)真菌后的生长情况,以筛选适合桑树育苗的基质和AM真菌种类,为桑树的生态和经济产业发展提供技术支撑。【方法】采用G_a(聚丛球囊霉Glomus aggregatum)、G_c(苏格兰球囊霉Glomus caledonium)、G_i(根内球囊霉 Glomus intraradices)、G_v(地表球囊霉 Glomus versiforme)、BGCH(透光球囊霉Glomus diaphanum BGC HEB07A)、BGCX(幼套球囊霉Glomus etunicatum BGC XJ03C)6种丛枝菌根真菌(arbuscular mycorrhiza,AM真菌),设置P1(牛粪、菇渣、珍珠岩、黄心土体积比6.0:3.0:0.5:0.5)、P2(牛粪、菇渣、珍珠岩、黄心土体积比6:2:1:1)、P3(黄心土)3种基质配比,研究不同基质条件下接种AM真菌对桑树生长情况的影响。【结果】G_c、BGCX和BGCH 3种AM真菌对桑树根系的侵染率最高,且基质P1中的侵染率显著高于P2和P3; 接种G_c和BGCH桑树种子的发芽率最高,且在基质P1中表现更好; 接种AM真菌桑树的株高、地径、根系表面积、根系总长度、根尖数量和根系生物量均显著高于未接种的桑树,以G_c、G_v和BGCH 3种效果最好,且在基质P1中表现更好; 接种AM真菌桑树的净光合速率、水分利用效率、PSⅡ(光系统Ⅱ)最大光化学效率、PSⅡ天线转化效率、实际原初光化学效率、光合电子传递速率等参数值均显著高于未接菌种的桑树,总体上以G_c、G_v和BGCH 3种效果最好,且在基质P1中表现更好。【结论】AM真菌促进了桑树的生长,以G_c和BGCH 两种最优,且以基质P1最佳。     

AM真菌和PGPR对番茄根结线虫病的影响

在温室盆栽条件下,研究了接种丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)和/或植物根围促生细菌(PGPR)菌株对番茄生长状况及其对南方根结线虫(Meloidogyne incognita)病害的影响。结果表明,摩西球囊霉(Glomus mosseae)比地表球囊霉(Glomus versiforme)能更好地促进番茄的生长发育,抑制南方根结线虫的生长发育;单接种PGPR时,菌株B的促生防病效果较菌株C好;而与AMF双接种时,菌株C促生防病效果较好,且菌株C与Glomus mosseae同时接种时,促生防病效果最佳,是防治番茄根结线虫的最佳组合。     

丛枝菌根(AM)真菌对大青杨苗木根系的影响

应用丛枝菌根(AM)真菌对大青杨苗木进行人工接种,摩西球囊霉(Glomus mosseae)、根内球囊霉(G.intraradices)、弯丝球囊霉(G.sinuosa)、地表球囊霉(G.versiforme)都与盆栽大青杨苗木形成菌根复合体。菌根化苗木的主根长、地径、侧根数、根生物量均与对照苗木差异显著。苗木生物量的累积与菌根侵染率呈显著正相关(P<0.05),证明大青杨为菌根依赖性树种。G.mosseae和G.intraradices侵染率分别是64.4%和67.4%,侵染效果最好。菌根真菌使苗木根系体积增大、总吸收面积增加,特别是使苗木根系的活跃吸收面积显著增加,其中接种G.mosseae的苗木根系活跃吸收面积比是对照处理的1.64倍。根系中活跃吸收面积比与磷、钾元素含量呈显著正相关。苗木生长的盛期和末期,菌根化苗木根系过氧化物酶活性显著高于对照,而在生长后期却显著低于对照(P<0.05)。由于受菌根真菌的影响,苗木根系多酚氧化酶活性显著高于对照(P<0.05),在苗木生长盛期酶活性最强,不同菌种接种的苗木间差异不显著。     

毛乌素沙地豆科植物丛枝菌根真菌分布研究

从毛乌素沙地柠条锦鸡儿（CaraganaKorshinskii）、沙打旺（Astragalus adsurgens）和塔落岩黄耆（Hedysarum fruticosum）等植物根际0—10， 10—20， 20—30， 30—40和40—50cm 5个土层分别采集了土壤样品.研究了3种豆科植物根际丛枝菌根真菌的种类和分布.结果表明，丛枝菌根真菌种类和分布与宿主植物密切相关.在分离的2属11种丛枝菌根真菌中，近明球囊霉（Glomus claroideum）仅分布在沙打旺根际，透光球囊霉（G. diaphanum）仅出现在塔落岩黄耆根际，而皱壁无梗囊霉（Acaulospora rugosa）仅出现在柠条锦鸡儿根际.在沙打旺根际，丛枝菌根真菌定殖率和孢子密度高，而在柠条锦鸡儿和塔落岩黄耆根际，丛枝菌根真菌定殖率和孢子密度低.土壤采样深度对孢子密度和定殖率有显著影响，最高定殖率和最大孢子密度均出现在10—20cm土层.孢子密度与泡囊、菌丝和总定殖率呈正相关.在评估荒漠生态系统和豆科不同植物形成菌根的能力时，丛枝菌根真菌种类、孢子密度、菌根定殖程度是十分有用的指标.     

丛枝菌根真菌的增殖技术

对目前国内丛枝菌根真菌的主要增殖方法进行比较研究．以三叶草作宿主植物，采用单孢和多孢两种接种方法，分别将摩西球囊霉、地表球囊霉、地球囊霉、缩球囊霉和网状球囊霉，在土培、沙培、水培的条件下进行增殖．收获后分别测定它们的侵染株率、侵入点的密度和侵染率．研究结果表明，三叶草是理想的宿主植物，其在液培条件下丛枝菌根真菌侵染能力最高，沙培法法次之，土培法最低，摩西球囊霉和地表球囊霉对三叶草侵染能力较高．     

AM真菌对蓝莓根际微生态的影响

蓝莓(Vaccinium spp.)根系结构独特,仅具细根而无根毛,接种AM菌根真菌后形成的互利共生结构有利于其生长,但机理仍不清楚.以‘布里吉塔’高丛蓝莓为材料,接种蜜色无梗囊霉(Acaulospora Mellea)、聚丛球囊霉(Glomus Aggregatum)、幼套球囊霉(Glomus Etunicatum)及摩西球囊霉(Glomus Mosseae)4种AM真菌,采用石蜡切片法、平板计数法结合PCR-DGGE电泳等方法研究AM真菌对蓝莓生长的影响.结果表明:与灭菌对照及自然对照组相比,接种AM真菌可显著提高蓝莓生物量生长及新发继生枝总长,其中聚丛球囊霉处理植株生物量为自然对照下的137%;切片结果显示,接种AM真菌的蓝莓根内均存在菌丝、泡囊等典型的菌根构造,AM真菌能与蓝莓形成良好的共生关系,上述结构在对照组则较少;4种AM真菌均提高了蓝莓根际蔗糖酶、纤维素酶及过氧化氢酶酶活,但仅聚丛球囊霉对脲酶的酶活性有影响;另外,AM真菌接种后显著增加土壤中真菌种类,同时减少细菌菌群数量.以上结果表明,AM真菌能够显著改善根际微生态环境,改变土壤酶活,并最终促进蓝莓的生物量生长;4种候选菌种中,聚丛球囊霉的作用效果最明显.     

丛枝菌根真菌对水分胁迫下红橘实生苗根系矿质营养元素的影响

在温室盆栽条件下研究丛枝菌根真菌Glomus versiforme(Karsten)Berch对正常水分和水分胁迫下的红橘(Citrus tangerine Holt.ex Tanaka)实生苗根系大量元素和微量元素含量的影响.结果表明,水分胁迫显著抑制丛枝菌根真菌对根系的侵染.无论在正常水分还是水分胁迫下,丛枝菌根真菌的感染对根系Fe没有显著影响,但显著增加根系P、Ca、Mg、Cu和Mn的含量.丛枝菌根真菌的接种仅显著增加水分胁迫下根系N含量和正常水分下根系K含量.丛枝菌根真菌处理对根系Zn的效果依土壤水分状况而异.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.