形式化智能环境下的物理世界建模过程

针对普适计算带来的智能物理世界构成实体的属性和行为特征, 将知识重构与抽象模型(KRA模型)框架的感知过程扩展为初步感知和感知重构两步, 使其能表示并区分所提出的智能环境下物理世界的不同属性域实体, 得到智能环境下物理世界的层次模型. 该模型统一定义物理实体, 逻辑表示网络化实体, 避免了重复感知. 网络
化实体间及物理实体和虚拟实体与网络化实体间的关系定义为逻辑连接关系, 同时, 可以将对以整个世界为推理空间的推理过程分解为在物理实体及连接构成的空间和在虚拟实体及连接构成的空间上更小规模的推理过程, 降低了推理的复杂性.     

基于本体和规则的物流知识表示与推理

为了解决物流领域相关概念的共享和信息集成问题,研究了物流配送过程中相关知识的表示以及基于知识的推理．应用本体论方法分析配货规则,使用本体中表示的概念和属性制定配货规则库．运用Jena推理子系统,对本体和配货规则进行推理,开发了一套基于本体和规则的自动配货系统．由于本体是共享概念模型明确的、形式化的规范描述,可以利用本体强大的语义表达能力、本体所描述的共享知识以及自动推理机制,实现物流企业之间以知识集成为基础的业务集成．     

扩展产生式规则知识表示方法

通过对现有知识表示方法进行分析，指出了产生式规则和概念图表示方法在自然语言理解中存在的问题，提出了扩展产生式规则知识表示方法，并对该规则的推理机制和具体实现进行了讨论．扩展产生式规则表示方法是将产生式规则的前提、结论和处理分别用概念图表示，是一种混合知识表示方法．它既保持了产生式规则的模块性，又揭示了自然语言中的深层次关系，与自然语言形成自然映射。通过分析表明，扩展产生式规则的总体性能要优于传统的产生式规则。并且特别适合于自然语言理解中的知识表示．该规则已应用于网络故障诊断专家系统的自然语言接口设计中．     

基于特征抽取定性映射的事物关系的表示模型

对象及其关系的表示是推理、求解的基础 ,而对象的感觉特征的抽取可归结为一个定性映射 .本文以此为基础并将群体中的研究对象统称为“事物”,给出了群体中事物属性的数学表达及基于属性的事物关系的数学表达模型 ;由此引出了一般事物的属性及属性值的判定规则和“归约”“细化”的推理方法 ,将其用在 KDD中的概念提升中显得自然而方便 ,并得到基于属性的事物分类的数学方法     

面向非常规突发事件演化分析的知识元网络模型及其应用

非常规突发事件的演化分析需以对其所处客观事物系统的有效认知为基础.借鉴本体论思想,从非常规突发事件所处客观事物系统本原的角度出发构建其知识元模型,全面揭示其个体要素运动行为及其综合联系机理与规律;基于知识元属性间关系的显性及隐性描述,构建其知识元网络模型;通过知识元网络的推理,实现为非常规突发事件的演化分析提供跨领域、跨学科、相对微观的、综合的知识支持.算例分析证明了该模型的有效性.     

扩展产生式规则的网络故障诊断专家系统

根据自然语言理解和网络故障诊断专家系统的特性,提出了一种扩展产生式规则的知识表示方法.扩展产生式规则将规则的前提、结论和建议分别用概念图表示,是一种混合知识表示方法.在扩展产生式规则知识表示方法的基础上,设计出了网络故障诊断专家系统的模型.该系统具有自然语言接口,可将网络中有关故障问题的汉语语句转换成概念图;经过专家系统推理后,可将推理结果和推理过程转换成汉语输出.为了增强专家系统知识获取的灵活性,在系统中还增加了Apriori关联规则挖掘算法,通过对陷阱协议数据单元挖掘,实现在线知识获取.利用该系统模型已开发出网络故障诊断专家系统原型.     

基于海洋生态本体的知识管理系统的研究与实现

基于本体知识表示,构建了海洋生态本体,对海洋生态领域的概念、属性、关系等知识进行了规范化描述。建立了海洋生态领域知识规则库,用于本体知识推理。设计了一个基于JenaAPI的、支持OWL本体查询和推理的知识管理系统,实现了海洋生态知识的知识查询和初步的海洋生态危机预警功能,解决了海洋生态领域的知识共享和交互问题,为海洋生态的相关服务提供了语义层次的支撑平台。     

网络学习中学习者个性挖掘方法的研究

提出了一种面向个性化网络学习的学习者个性挖掘方法，以实现网络学习中学习者个性特征的自动获取．该方法首先通过对样本学习者的个性属性归并，去除冗余的个性属性；进而通过对学习者行为模式与个性特征的定量关联规则分析，得到两者间的关联规则；最终据此规则对后续学习者的行为模式进行推理，获取学习者的个性特征．此方法不仅解决了个性化网络学习中学习者个性特征的自动获取问题，而且还可表现出个性与行为间的关系．该方法已在计算机教学管理示范系统中进行了试验，结果表明该方法是有效的．     

感知和判断中的基准变换及其性质坐标分析法

感知识别和概念判断分别是直感（形象）思维和逻辑（抽象）思维的基础，其基准可随外部条件和思维者认知结构而变的现象，是识别、判断和推理等产生各种不确定性和矛盾性的根源，感知与判断的描述，需要一种既能容纳对象属性和人类基准的表示系统，又能刻划它们之间的关系及其变化规律的分析方法．根据神经生理实验和心理学理论，将感觉和知觉分别定义为神经元（或集团）对事物简单属性和整合（整体和综合）属性的识别映射；给出了思维科学的两个基本命题：（１）事物性质元间基于整合的生成结构能在感知记忆集中得到保持的充要条件是感知觉是一个同态映射；（２）事物性质无间的推理关系能在感知记忆范畴中得到保持的充要条件是感知觉是一个范畴函子．事物性质元间的生成与推理结构有一个同构的表示模型──性质单纯形Ｋ的重心剖分复形Ｋ￣（ｍ）（Ｘ），简称性质坐标系，框架和网络可作为子复形嵌入其中，对象属性和心理基准，以及它们之间关系的变化规律可在性质坐标系Ｋ￣（ｍ）（ｘ）中得到表示，人类感知识别、概念判断以及基干它们的推理和决策等都可在其中得以统一刻划．     

城市公共交通智能调度专家系统的研究

根据城市公共交通调度、专家系统知识及模糊控制理论建立了公交智能调度专家系统。该系统采用案例与规则两级推理机制,通过产生式规则实现对知识的表达,应用关系型数据库实现对知识的管理与操作。案例推理中设计了代码与属性两层匹配的推理策略,针对实际调度中的不精确判断,根据模糊控制与模糊推理的思想设计了模糊规则与模糊推理策略实现了基于规则的推理。该系统对实现公交系统智能化、提高公交调度的质量和效率具有重要的意义。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.