不同结构和形态的天然镁硅酸盐:与K反应制备生物柴油的K2MgSiO4催化剂

In this work, different magnesium silicate mineral samples based on antigorite, lizardite, chrysotile (which have the same general formula Mg₃Si₂O₅(OH)₄), and talc (Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂) were reacted with KOH to prepare catalysts for biodiesel production. Simple impregnation with 20wt% K and treatment at 700–900°C led to a solid-state reaction to mainly form the K₂MgSiO₄ phase in all samples. These results indicate that the K ion can diffuse into the different Mg silicate structures and textures, likely through intercalation in the interlayer space of the different mineral samples followed by dehydroxylation and K₂MgSiO₄ formation. All the materials showed catalytic activity for the transesterification of soybean oil (1:6 of oil : methanol molar ratio, 5wt% of catalyst, 60°C). However, the best results were obtained for the antigorite and chrysotile precursors, which are discussed in terms of mineral structure and the more efficient formation of the active phase K₂MgSiO₄.     

微生物浸矿技术在我国的研究现状及发展前景

As the world’s second largest economy experiencing rapid economic growth, China has a huge demand for metals and energy. In recent years, China ranks first, among all the countries in the world, in the production and consumption of several metals such as copper, gold, and rare earth elements. Bioleaching, which is an approach for mining low grade and refractory ores, has been applied in industrial production, and bioleaching has made great contributions to the development of the Chinese mining industry. The exploration and application of bioleaching in China are reviewed in this study. Production and consumption trends of several metals in China over the past decade are reviewed. Technological processes at key bioleaching operations in China, such as at the Zijinshan Copper Mine and Mianhuakeng Uranium Mine, are presented. Also, the current challenges faced by bioleaching operations in China are introduced. Moreover, prospects such as efficiency improvement and environmental protection are proposed based on the current situation in the Chinese bioleaching industry.     

氧化锌矿物浸出渣中铅、锶的提取及动力学分析

NH₄HCO₃ conversion followed by HCl leaching was performed and proven to be effective in extracting Pb and Sr from zinc extracted residual. The mechanism and operating conditions of NH₄HCO₃ conversion, including molar ratio of NH₄HCO₃ to zinc extracted residual, NH₄HCO₃ concentration, conversion temperature, conversion time, and stirring velocity, were discussed, and operating conditions were optimized by the orthogonal test. Experimental results indicate that NH₄HCO₃ conversion at temperatures ranging from 25 to 85°C follows the shrinking unreacted core model and is controlled by inner diffusion through the product layer. The extraction ratios of Pb and Sr under optimized conditions reached 85.15% and 87.08%, respectively. Moreover, the apparent activation energies of Pb and Sr were 13.85 and 13.67 kJ·mol?1, respectively.     

不同应变速率下Mg?B4C纳米复合材料的力学性能表征

Magnesium has wide application in industry. The main purpose of this investigation was to improve the properties of magnesium by reinforcing it using B₄C nanoparticles. The reinforced nanocomposites were fabricated using a powder compaction technique for 0, 1.5vol%, 3vol%, 5vol%, and 10vol% of B₄C. Powder compaction was conducted using a split Hopkinson bar (SHB), drop hammer (DH), and Instron to reach different compaction loading rates. The compressive stress–strain curves of the samples were captured from quasi-static and dynamic tests carried out using an Instron and split Hopkinson pressure bar, respectively. Results revealed that, to achieve the highest improvement in ultimate strength, the contents of B₄C were 1.5vol%, 3vol%, and 3vol% for Instron, DH, and SHB, respectively. These results also indicated that the effect of compaction type on the quasi-static strength of the samples was not as significant, although its effect on the dynamic strength of the samples was remarkable. The improvement in ultimate strength obtained from the quasi-static stress–strain curves of the samples (compared to pure Mg) varied from 9.9% for DH to 24% for SHB. The dynamic strength of the samples was improved (with respect to pure Mg) by 73%, 116%, and 141% for the specimens compacted by Instron, DH, and SHB, respectively. The improvement in strength was believed to be due to strengthening mechanisms, friction, adiabatic heating, and shock waves.     

矿山尾矿作为碱活化原料的研究进展

The mining industry produces billions of tons of mine tailings annually. However, because of their lack of economic value, most of the tailings are discarded near the mining sites, typically under water. The primary environmental concerns of mine tailings are related to their heavy metal and sulfidic mineral content. Oxidation of sulfidic minerals can produce acid mine drainage that leaches heavy metals into the surrounding water. The management of tailing dams requires expensive construction and careful control, and there is the need for stable, sustainable, and economically viable management technologies. Alkali activation as a solidification/stabilization technology offers an attractive way to deal with mine tailings. Alkali activated materials are hardened, concrete-like structures that can be formed from raw materials that are rich in aluminum and silicon, which fortunately, are the main elements in mining residues. Furthermore, alkali activation can immobilize harmful heavy metals within the structure. This review describes the research on alkali activated mine tailings. The reactivity and chemistry of different minerals are discussed. Since many mine tailings are poorly reactive under alkaline conditions, different pretreatment methods and their effects on the mineralogy are reviewed. Possible applications for these materials are also discussed.     

PLGA/硬石复合涂层镁基纳米复合材料在植入应用时的体外生物活性和腐蚀行为

A type of polymer/ceramic coating was introduced on a magnesium-based nanocomposite, and the nanocomposite was evaluated for implant applications. The microstructure, corrosion, and bioactivity of the coated and uncoated samples were assessed. Mechanical alloying followed by sintering was applied to fabricate the Mg–3Zn–0.5Ag–15NiTi nanocomposite substrate. Moreover, different contents of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) coatings were studied, and 10wt% of PLGA content was selected. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the bulk nanocomposite showed an acceptable homogenous dispersion of the NiTi nanoparticles (NPs) in the Mg-based matrix. In the in vitro bioactivity evaluation, following the immersion of the uncoated and coated samples in a simulated body fluid (SBF) solution, the Ca/P atomic ratio demonstrated that the apatite formation amount on the coated sample was greater than that on the uncoated nanocomposite. Furthermore, assessing the corrosion resistance indicated that the coatings on the Mg-based substrate led to a corrosion current density (i_corr) that was considerably lower than that of the substrate. Such a condition revealed that the coating would provide an obstacle for the corrosion. Based on this study, the PLGA/hardystonite (HT) composite-coated Mg–3Zn–0.5Ag–15NiTi nanocomposite may be suitably applied as an orthopedic implant biomaterial.     

关于钢水质量窄窗口稳定控制的思考

In order to promote the intelligent transformation and upgrading of the steel industry, intelligent technology features based on the current situation and challenges of the steel industry are discussed in this paper. Based on both domestic and global research, functional analysis, reasonable positioning, and process optimization of each aspect of steel making are expounded. The current state of molten steel quality and implementation under narrow window control is analyzed. A method for maintaining stability in the narrow window control technology of steel quality is proposed, controlled by factors including composition, temperature, time, cleanliness, and consumption (raw material). Important guidance is provided for the future development of a green and intelligent steel manufacturing process.     

动态应变时效的应力状态依赖性:热硬化和蓝脆

This study aims to discover the stress-state dependence of the dynamic strain aging (DSA) effect on the deformation and fracture behavior of high-strength dual-phase (DP) steel at different deformation temperatures (25–400°C) and reveal the damage mechanisms under these various configurations. To achieve different stress states, predesigned specimens with different geometric features were used. Scanning electron microscopy was applied to analyze the fracture modes (e.g., dimple or shear mode) and underlying damage mechanism of the investigated material. DSA is present in this DP steel, showing the Portevin–Le Chatelier (PLC) effect with serrated flow behavior, thermal hardening, and blue brittleness phenomena. Results show that the stress state contributes distinctly to the DSA effect in terms of the magnitude of thermal hardening and the pattern of blue brittleness. Either low stress triaxiality or Lode angle parameter promotes DSA-induced blue brittleness. Accordingly, the damage mechanisms also show dependence on the stress states in conjunction with the DSA effect.     

皮秒Nd:YAG激光对生物金属纯Ti和Ti–13Nb–13Zr合金的表面改性

The effects of picosecond Nd:YAG laser irradiation on chemical and morphological surface characteristics of the commercially pure titanium and Ti–13Nb–13Zr alloy in air and argon atmospheres were studied under different laser output energy values. During the interaction of laser irradiation with the investigated materials, a part of the energy was absorbed on the target surface, influencing surface modifications. Laser beam interaction with the target surface resulted in various morphological alterations, resulting in crater formation and the presence of microcracks and hydrodynamic structures. Moreover, different chemical changes were induced on the target materials’ surfaces, resulting in the titanium oxide formation in the irradiation-affected area and consequently increasing the irradiation energy absorption. Given the high energy absorption at the site of interaction, the dimensions of the surface damaged area increased. Consequently, surface roughness increased. The appearance of surface oxides also led to the increased material hardness in the surface-modified area. Observed chemical and morphological changes were pronounced after laser irradiation of the Ti–13Nb–13Zr alloy surface.     

基于响应曲面法的铁焦冶金性能多目标协同优化

Iron carbon agglomerates (ICA) are used to realize low-carbon blast furnace ironmaking. In this study, the central composite design based on response surface methodology was used to synergistically optimize the compressive strength, reactivity, and post-reaction strength of ICA. Results show that the iron ore addition ratio significantly influences the compressive strength, reactivity, and post-reaction strength of ICA. The iron ore addition ratio and carbonization temperature or the iron ore addition ratio and carbonization time exert significant interaction effects on the compressive strength and reactivity of ICA, but it has no interaction effects on the post-reaction strength of ICA. In addition, the optimal process parameters are as follows: iron ore addition ratio of 15.30wt%, carbonization temperature of 1000°C, and carbonization time of 4.27 h. The model prediction results of compressive strength, reactivity, and post-reaction strength are 4026 N, 55.03%, and 38.24%, respectively, which are close to the experimental results and further verify the accuracy and reliability of the models.     

Optimal Polygonal Approximation of Digital Planar Curves Using Genetic Algorithm and Tabu Search

Three heuristic algorithms for optimal polygonal approximation of digital planar curves is presented.With Genetic Algorithm (GA), improved Genetic Algorithm (IGA) based on Pareto optimal solution and Tabu Search (TS), a near optimal polygonal approximation was obtained.Compared to the famous Teh-chin algorithm, our algorithms have obtained the approximated polygons with less number of vertices and less approximation error.Compared to the dynamic programming algorithm, the processing time of our algorithms are much less expensive.     

一种基于遗传算法和LM算法的混合学习算法

针对遗传算法与神经网络结合方式中存在的早熟收敛、泛化能力弱等问题, 提出一种交替使用遗传算法和Levenberg Marquardt算法优化神经网络的混合学习算法（GALM算法）. 该算法先通过遗传算法粗调得到一组全局最优近似解, 再以该近似解为初值, 交替使用遗传算法和LM算法优化神经网络训练, 直至发现满意的网络参数. 实验结果表明, 新算法提高了网络的学习能力和收敛速度.     

格雷码混合加速遗传算法及其性能分析

通过在格雷码遗传算法进化过程中加入单纯形法学习算子,并利用格雷码遗传算法和单纯形法所得到的优秀个体群,作为变量新的变化范围,逐步缩小搜索空间,自动向最优解收缩,提出了求解非线性规划问题全局解的一种快速算法--格雷码混合加速遗传算法(GHAGA).为了在可行域内能得到全局最优解,在参数的定义域内投放了大量的均匀随机初始点作为初始群体.给出了GHAGA算法实施的详细步骤,建立了GHAGA相应的收敛定理,并分析了该算法的全局优化性能.理论分析和数值模拟表明,GHAGA具有精度高、收敛速度快的特点,是一种既可以较大概率搜索全局最优解,又能进行局部细致搜索的较好的非线性规划方法.     

多种群蚁群遗传算法在车间调度中的研究应用

蚁群算法和遗传算法都属于仿生型优化算法,是解决调度问题的强有力的工具。本文针对多目标车间调度问题提出了一种多种群蚁群算法和遗传算法想结合的算法,算法的第一部分用多种群蚁群算法求得各个目标函数的最优解,第二部分把求得的解作为遗传算法的初始种群求得多目标问题的Pareto最优解。仿真结果,该算法有较好的有效性、稳定性和订单适应能力。     

基于智能算法的磁流变阻尼器位置优化

为了控制20层Benchmark建筑在地震作用下的非线性地震反应,采用改进的遗传算法确定MR阻尼器的优化设置位置.将标准遗传算法的遗传操作作相应改进,并进行给定数量的MR阻尼器优化配置的数值仿真分析,解决多约束非线性整数优化问题.结果表明,采用改进的遗传算法进行MR阻尼器位置设置优化后的半主动控制,能有效地降低结构在地震荷载作用下的响应,进一步提高了平均控制效果.     

人工免疫算法对遗传算法改进的仿真研究

遗传算法是一种很好的优化算法,但其本身存在着易早熟、效率低等不足.人工免疫算法是参考生物免疫系统机制的一种算法,它通常用于对其它算法的改进.论文用人工免疫算法对遗传算法进行改进,在遗传算法中引入浓度机制并从问题中提取疫苗.通过实验对比,它对遗传算法的改进取得了较好的效果.     

基于快速MCVI算法实现CR信道接入*

在认知无线电(CR)技术中,无线网接入是一个极为重要的问题。针对这一问题,当前主流的解决思路包括博弈算法和基于部分可观测马尔科夫决策过程模型(POMDP)的算法。相比于博弈算法,基于POMDP模型的算法具有更好的环境适应性。在此背景下,本文提出了基于POMDP模型的快速蒙特卡罗值迭代算法(Fast MCVI)解决无线网接入问题。与其它解决POMDP模型的算法不同,该算法可解决值连续状态空间下的POMDP模型,具有更好的可靠性和稳定性。另外,相比于传统MCVI算法,快速MCVI算法使用非可支配排序遗传算法(NSGA2)进行优化,加快了算法收敛速度,使其在相同运行时间内能获得更好的决策结果。实验证明,通过值连续状态空间的POMDP模型对CR接入问题建模并使用快速MCVI算法进行决策,网络吞吐率比传统MCVI算法提高了1~1.7个百分点,比贪心算法提高了2.8~5个百分点。     

A GA-Based Approach for FMS Machine Loading Planing

The machine loading problem in flexible manufacturing system isaddressed in this paper. The problem is modelled as a mixed integer program. A Genetic Algorithm (GA) approach is developed to yield an optimal solution. In the genetic algorithm, chromosomes are encoded in term of operation routes. A point-to-point crossover search operator together with a Cyclic Shifting Mutation (CSM) operator is designed to adapt to the problem. At last computational experience with the model is presented, and the results show that our genetic algorithms are very powerful and suitable to machine loading problems.     

一种基于基因遗传算法的诊断问题求解方法

基因遗传算法是一种基于达尔文进化论思想的新的优化算法，它是对生物进化过程中繁殖、变种和自然选择等规律的模拟。作为一种进化论的数学模型，基因遗传算法在解决大空间的搜索和组合优化问题等方面具有独到的功效。本文在概率因果诊断模型的基础上，应用基因遗传算法解决了诊断中具有组合瀑炸数的多故障同时性诊断问题。     

改进蚁群算法求解单行设施布局问题

针对单行设施布局问题已有算法结构复杂、对算法参数有较大依赖性、求解效果欠佳的问题, 提出一种改进的蚁群算法。该算法采用基于目标函数值的自适应等级划分策略, 实现了信息素增量优胜劣汰、改进信息素的更新规则。通过简化状态转移概率函数, 降低计算量和算法对参数的依赖性, 引入精英候选集, 提高优良设备的选择概率。同时, 采用基于插入式邻域结构的爬山寻优算法作为局部搜索进行深度搜索。仿真结果表明, 求解28 个大规模的测试例子时, 该算法总的平均运行时间分别为混合遗传算法的14%, Lin-Kernighan 算法的5%, 分散搜索算法的50%, 说明该算法可在短时间内较稳定地得到高质量的近优解, 性能优越于其他算法。