地铁线路超高对轮轨磨耗的影响

为了减轻地铁车辆在圆曲线区段运行所造成的轮轨磨耗,提高车辆运行的安全性与舒适性,基于车辆动力学理论,通过动力学软件SIMPACK建立轮轨关系模型,针对列车通过圆曲线时过超高、正常超高和欠超高三种工况进行研究.分析了三种工况下,轮轨横向力、轮轨垂向力、脱轨系数、磨耗功率、磨耗指数、轮重减载率和倾覆系数7个动力学参数在列车运行中的变化规律,并深入分析磨耗指数和磨耗功率与车辆实际通过时产生超高的变化规律,得出超高变化与磨耗指数成负相关,与磨耗功率成正相关,且列车通过圆曲线时应尽量降低速度,在条件不允许时,应采用尽量小的欠超高.     

轮轨型面对车辆曲线通过性及磨耗影响

对比初始与实测轮轨型面对上海地铁A型车的曲线通过性能的影响,并分析不同的轮轨型面匹配对轮轨磨耗、钢轨波浪形磨耗、接触疲劳的影响.结果表明4种不同的轮轨匹配下,车辆的曲线通过性能都能满足车辆动力学性能要求,但新车轮运行在已磨损的轨面上时,曲线通过性能略差,其轮轨横向力和脱轨系数偏高.初始轮轨匹配在过小半径曲线时其外轮轨具有较大的自旋功,且内外轮轨上高的纵向蠕滑率将导致车轮产生粘滑振动,易形成波磨,经过滚动接触疲劳分析,磨损后的车轮踏面易对小半径曲线外轨造成表面接触疲劳破坏.     

蠕滑曲线对地铁小半径曲线轮轨接触特性的影响

为了降低地铁小曲线半径处钢轨的损伤,延长钢轨使用寿命,提出合适的轮轨摩擦因数和Kaker权重系数。首先,基于车辆-轨道耦合动力学理论,利用SIMPACK软件建立了小半径曲线动力学模型,考虑轮轨磨耗与滚动接触疲劳的耦合关系,建立钢轨损伤模型;其次,根据标准工况下动力学计算结果,分析小半径曲线轮轨动态相互作用特征,研究内侧和外侧钢轨的损伤特性,提出了最优损伤方案;然后,设置50个轮轨摩擦因数和Kalker权重系数匹配方案,分析摩擦因数和Kalker权重系数对轮轨动态相互作用和钢轨损伤特性的影响;最后,综合考虑车辆运营安全性和钢轨损伤特性,提出轮轨摩擦因数和Kaker权重系数匹配方案。研究结果表明:在标准工况下,内轨损伤形式为磨耗,外轨的磨耗程度大于内轨磨耗程度,考虑到缓和曲线上累积的疲劳损伤,外轨的使用寿命更低;Kalker权重系数越小,轮轨横向力、脱轨系数和车体横向振动加速度最大值越小,Kalker权重系数越小且摩擦因数对轮轨动力行为、磨耗和疲劳损伤的影响越小。建议小曲线半径地段轮轨摩擦因数应不大于0.2,Kalker权重系数应该不大于0.1,此时内轨和外轨磨耗指数最大值均小于100 N,钢轨几乎不产生磨耗,内轨和外轨疲劳损伤最大值为0,大幅提升了钢轨的使用寿命。     

轨道客运车辆山区小半径曲线通过性能分析

为了解决山区小半径曲线下车辆运行安全性低、平稳性差等问题,基于车辆轨道耦合动力学建立某型轨道客运车辆动力学模型;给出线路参数方程及车辆动力学方程,并对其进行仿真计算,分析曲线半径、缓和曲线长度、欠超高等山区工况曲线几何参数对轨道客运车辆通过性能的影响.研究结果表明:在一定范围内,轮轨横向力、轮轴横向力、脱轨系数、轮重减载率等曲线通过性能指标均随着圆曲线半径、缓和曲线长度、欠超高的增大而有明显的降幅,车辆曲线通过性能增强,安全性和平稳性提高.     

道岔缓和曲线尖轨切削方式选型的动力学研究

以轮轨系统动力学理论为基础,建立车辆-转辙器动力耦合模型,计算并分析42号缓圆缓型道岔前缓和曲线尖轨选取五种不同切削方式时,轮轨系统动力指标及钢轨磨耗变化情况.结果表明:利用动力学方法评价各种缓和曲线尖轨切削方式的优劣性,能够使尖轨选型更加可靠;缓圆缓型道岔中选用半切线型缓和曲线尖轨,可获得较好的行车性能、转辙器结构稳定性和钢轨磨耗性能,部分设计条件下也可依照具体要求采用切线型尖轨;对运营中道岔转辙器结构动力性能的分析,需考虑几何不平顺等因素的共同作用.     

车轮谐波磨耗对轮轨垂向力及车辆稳定性的影响

基于车辆车轮在生产过程中存在质量偏心或几何偏心,导致列车在运行一段时间之后出现车轮谐波磨耗现象,车轮谐波磨耗将对轮轨垂向力及车辆稳定性产生严重影响,以国内某地铁车辆为参考,运用车辆轨道耦合模型理论,采用Fourier级数模拟2阶、3阶车轮谐波磨耗,建立该车的车辆/轨道耦合模型及车轮谐波磨耗模型。仿真计算车轮谐波磨耗及轨道不平顺激扰等因素对轮轨垂向力及车辆稳定性的影响,并分析车辆在单一激扰工况和叠加激扰工况下车辆动力学参数的差异。研究结果表明:速度对轮轨垂向力的影响远大于幅值和相位差对轮轨垂向力的影响,轨道不平顺激扰对轮轨垂向力的影响不大;随着速度增大,车轮谐波磨耗对车辆运行平稳性影响越显著。     

350km/h动车组车轮磨耗对动力学影响研究

为探究中国350 km/h的动车组的车轮磨耗变化及其动力学性能变化,对运营中的某350 km/h的新型动车组进行踏面磨耗跟踪测量,发现车轮在镟修周期内出现了踏面凹型磨耗和轮缘根部磨耗问题。从轮轨接触关系开始对上述发现进行研究,并通过SIMPACK软件仿真模拟,探究在高速下该型车轮磨耗的增加对车辆的动力学性能(包括非线性临界速度、曲线脱轨系数、车辆平稳性指标、磨耗功率)的影响。研究结果表明:350 km/h高速运行的新型动车组,其车轮磨耗主要为踏面滚动圆处的凹型磨耗与轮缘根部磨耗;伴随着车轮磨耗的增加,轮轨接触发生改变,滚动圆两侧的疲劳损伤愈加明显,车辆的动力学性能不断恶化。最后就车轮的磨耗的发生位置与其特点提出了几点建议。     

独立旋转车轮踏面外形优化设计方法

车轮的踏面外形对有轨电车的动力学性能、轮轨接触疲劳特性以及轮轨磨耗有着重要影响。对于装有独立旋转车轮的车辆,轮轨接触角差曲线是一关键的动力学参数,它关系到轮对重力复原力的大小。重力复原力提供了独立轮对直线对中运行和曲线导向时所需要的导向力。为了改善有轨电车的动力学性能,提出了一种基于接触角差曲线为设计目标的车轮踏面外形设计方法,并开发了相应的计算机辅助设计程序。利用该程序对某型有轨电车采用的踏面外形Lma-30进行了优化,结果表明优化后的踏面外形具有良好的轮轨几何接触特性和动力学性能。     

减轻独立轮轮对系统轮轨磨耗方法的探讨

采用独立轮轮对可以有效地降低车辆地板高度,目前在轻轨车辆系统中得到了重视与应用,但在通过半径很小的曲线时较大的轮轨磨耗又严重地影响了车轮和钢轨的使用寿命.通过模拟计算,本文提出了减轻独立轮对系统磨耗的几种方法,即适当的最小曲线半径、曲线通过速度、轨道润滑和车辆导向轮结构可以有效地降低独立轮对系统轮轨磨耗程度.     

不同形式的道岔钢轨打磨对高速列车动力学性能影响

针对部分高铁道岔打磨后出现车体横加报警现象,对道岔打磨形式进行研究,利用动力学软件建立轮轨接触模型及动力学模型,分析不同打磨形式下轮轨接触几何特性、轮轨磨耗、车辆运行安全性及车辆运行平稳性,并与实际不同形式打磨后高速列车车辆运行平稳性进行比较.结果表明:相比于传统钢轨打磨形式,通过个性化钢轨打磨道岔后,道岔钢轨左右股廓形对称,轮轨等效锥度理想;列车通过道岔时,轮轨磨耗改善显著,列车运行安全性及平稳性得到提升,与实测列车运行平稳性数据变化趋势一致,故采用个性化打磨方式可以改善道岔打磨后车体横加报警现象.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.