电沉积镍-储氢合金复合电极的析氢电催化性能

采用电沉积方法制备了镍-稀土储氢合金(Ni—AB5)复合电极，利用稳态极化曲线及电化学交流阻抗技术研究了该电极在28％KOH溶液中的析氢电催化性能，并用扫描电镜观测了电极的表面形貌．结果表明，与电沉积纯Ni电极相比，Ni—AB5复合电极具有较低的析氢过电位和电化学反应阻抗以及较大的交变电流密度和比表面积，在纯Ni及Ni—AB5电极上析氢反应的标准活化自由焓分别为74．2kJ／mol和39．8kJ／mol，即Ni—AB5复合电极表现出较高的析氢电催化活性．复合电极在碱性溶液中的析氢反应符合Volmer—Heyrovsky历程，电化学脱附为反应速度的控制步骤．     

多孔Ni-S合金的制备及其电催化析氢性能

采用化学脱合金化和水热合成的方法,制备多孔Ni以及多孔Ni-S合金电极.通过XRD、SEM表征电极的相结构和表面形貌.在1 mol/L的NaOH溶液中,运用线性扫描伏安曲线(LSV)、交流阻抗曲线(EIS)等测试电极的电催化析氢性能.结果表明:与多孔Ni相比,Ni-S合金具有更低的析氢过电位以及更高的电催化析氢活性.     

化学沉积Ni-Co-P合金电极在碱性介质中的析氢电催化性能

用化学镀方法制备了Ni-P,Ni-Co-P合金电极,用电子能谱仪、扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射测量了化学镀Ni-P,Ni-Co-P合金的组成、形貌结构、晶形.用电化学的方法研究了Ni-P,Ni-Co-P合金作阴极在1mol·L-1NaOH溶液中的析氢催化活性及稳定性,结果表明Ni-P,Ni-Co-P合金电极具有良好的析氢电催化性能和电化学稳定性.     

离子束修饰提高钛阴极析氢活性

研究了双重离子注入Ｗ＾＋／Ｎｉ＾＋,Ｗ＾＋／Ｍｏ＾＋及溅射Ｆｅ后再单离子注入Ｃｏ＾＋或Ｗ＾＋等离子束修饰的钛电极在１ＮＨ２ＳＯ４中的析氢电催化性能,结果表明：与纯钛电极相比,离子束修饰电极的催化析氢活性得到显著改善,其中,注Ｗ＾＋／Ｎｉ＾＋电极的析氢过电位降低３００ｍＶ,用ＸＰＳ和ＡＥＳ能谱分析了离子束修饰电极的表面元素及相结构,讨论了修饰电极催化所氢机理。     

非晶态Ni-Co-W-P合金电极的制备及其电催化活性研究

用化学镀方法制备了Ni—Co—W—P合金电极,并研究了其在1mol／L NaOH溶液中的析氢电催化活性,实验表明在相同的电流密度下,Ni—Co—W—P合金电极比Ni—Co—P、Ni—W—P合金电极具有更低析氢过电位,XRD实验显示其镀层为非晶态．并进一步研究了Ni—Co—W—P合金电极的电化学稳定性和表观活化能,结果表明：Ni—Co—W—P合金电极具有比Ni—Co—P、Ni—W—P合金电极更好的析氢电催化活性和电化学稳定性．     

氯碱工业镍-硫电极的研究

应用电化学沉积的方法制备Ni-S和Ni-Co-S合金镀层.通过测量电极的稳态极化曲线,研究电极的电催化活性和析氢反应活化能,考察热处理和电解液中杂质离子等因素对沉积层析氢活性的影响.实验结果显示,Ni-S电极镀层中的硫质量分数为11.59%时,电极的析氢活性最高,镀层呈非晶态或弱晶态结构,电极的析氢反应活化能为22.344 kJ/mol.     

电镀Ni—Sn合金及其电催化性能研究

为降低氯碱电解槽阴极析氢过电位,依据氢在电极上吸脱附原理,研究了Ni-Sn合金镀层作为阴极的析氢性能。实验证明,以Ni-Sn合金镀层作为阴极,在120g/lNaOH,190g/lNaCl溶液中,温度为90℃,电流密度为15Adm-2条件下电解,能降低氢超电势270?mV,是优良的析氢电催化电极。     

SPE析氢电极的研究状况

对SPE电解水技术中析氢电极的结构、催化剂的选择、制备方法以及性能作了较详尽的概述，指出了影响其性能的因素以及提高其性能的可能措施，并对电解水析氢电极的开发研制作了展望。     

Ni-S合金析氢阴极的制备研究

以硫脲作为硫源,在改进的瓦特镀液体系中用电沉积方法获得N i-S合金镀层,系统地研究了硫脲浓度、电流密度、电沉积时间、镀液温度、pH值、有机添加剂等实验条件对N i-S合金电极析氢活性的影响.用重量分析法测定电沉积层中硫的含量,X-射线衍射技术表征镀层的晶形结构,稳态恒流极化法研究N i-S合金层的电催化活性.实验结果表明,电沉积得到的析氢活性较好的镍硫合金为非晶态结构和弱晶结构,硫含量为11.59%(重量比)时,N i-S合金电极具有优良的电催化性能,且在长期电解条件下电极仍有良好的析氢活性.     

Ni-Cu合金的脱合金制备及其析氢电催化性能

通过真空熔炼与固溶处理相结合的方法获得Ni_(30)Mn_(70)和Ni_(20)Cu_(10)Mn_(70)前驱体合金,经电化学脱合金化法制备纳米多孔Ni及Ni-Cu合金,采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析合金相组成和微观结构,运用线性扫描伏安法、交流阻抗、方波电位法及计时电位法研究电极的析氢电催化性能.结果表明:纳米多孔Ni-Cu合金电极具有较高的电催化析氢性能,在0.1 A/cm~2电流密度下,析氢过电位仅19 mV,具有较好的电化学稳定性.     

Ni－WC复合电极的析氢性能及其机理的研究

研究了用复合电镀技术制备的Ｎｉ－ＷＣ复合电极在弱酸性介质中的析氢行为．实验结果表明，Ｎｉ－ＷＣ复合电极的析氢催化活性比镀Ｎｉ电极高得多，且其催化活性随复合电极中ＷＣ含量的增加而提高．初步证明复合电极的析氢反应机理与Ｎｉ电极相同，都符合电化学脱附机理．     

Effect of TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> nanoparticles on hydrogen evolution reaction activity of Ni coatings

The electrocatalytic activity of electrodeposited Ni and Ni-TiO₂ coatings with regard to the alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) was investigated. The Ni coatings were electrodeposited from an acid chloride bath at different current densities, and their HER activities were examined in a 1.0-mol·L-1 KOH medium. The variations in the HER activity of the Ni coatings with changes in surface morphology and composition were examined via the electrochemical dissolution and incorporation of nanoparticles. Electrochemical analysis methods were used to monitor the HER activity of the test electrodes; this activity was confirmed via the quantification of gases that evolved during the analysis. The obtained results demonstrated that the Ni-TiO₂ nanocomposite test electrode exhibited maximum activity toward the alkaline HER. The surface appearance, composition, and the phase structure of all developed coatings were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. The improvement in the electrocatalytic activity of Ni-TiO₂ nanocomposite coating toward HER was attributed to the variation in surface morphology and increased number of active sites.     

一维纳米SnO2/TiO2复合薄膜电极的制备及光电性能

采用静电纺丝的方法,通过调节前驱体液中SnCl₂·2H₂O的质量分数,制备了直径为90~180nm的SnO₂纳米线,经TiCl₄溶液水解处理制备得到了SnO₂/TiO₂薄膜电极。使用SEM和EDS对薄膜电极进行表征,通过线性扫描伏安法和光电催化测试,分析研究了SnO₂/TiO₂ 纳米复合薄膜电极的光电化学性质。结果表明,当SnCl₂·2H₂O质量分数为3%时,SnO₂/TiO₂ 复合薄膜电极的光电流密度达到最大;随后将其与TiO₂、SnO₂薄膜电极相比,SnO₂/TiO₂ 复合薄膜电极产生的光电流明显增大;复合薄膜电极对罗丹明B（RhB）的光电催化降解率在90min后可达到95%,而TiO₂仅为56%、SnO₂为58%。     

二氧化铅/石墨烯电极的制备及其电化学性能

采用沉淀结合法,制备二氧化铅/石墨烯(β-PbO₂/rGO)复合材料.通过X-射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)、场发射电子扫描显微镜(FESEM)、高分辨率透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)和比表面积分析仪研究该复合材料的结构、形貌和比表面积,利用电化学测试技术研究β-PbO₂/rGO复合电极和纯β-PbO₂电极的电化学性能.结果表明:在复合材料中,纳米β-PbO₂较均匀地分散在rGO片表面,β-PbO₂/rGO复合材料比纯β-PbO₂具有更大的比表面积;复合电极因具有更多的反应活性位点,电化学反应速度较快;在不同的电流密度下,β-PbO₂/rGO电极的质量比容量比纯β-PbO₂电极高,证明复合电极具有比纯β-PbO₂电极更好的电化学性能.     

The Composite Cathode of Ag and LSCF for SOFC Working under Intermediate Temperature

1 Introduction The composite electrode of La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3(LSCF) and Ag was studied as a new air electrode system for reduced-temperature SOFCs.The LSCF/Ag composite electrodes were prepared by baking the LSCF electrode with various Ag solution infiltrated in the pores of the electrode.In all cases,the cathode polarization resistance was reduced,which may be brought from the catalytic activity of Ag metal.For example,the power density of LSCF electrode on anode supported cell was increased from 0....     

Adsorption properties of V(Ⅳ) on resin-activated carbon composite electrodes in capacitive deionization

Composite electrodes prepared by cation exchange resins and activated carbon (AC) were used to adsorb V(Ⅳ) in capacitive deion-ization (CDI). The electrode made of middle resin size (D860/AC M) had the largest specific surface area and mesoporous content than two other composite electrodes. Electrochemical analysis showed that D860/AC M presents higher specific capacitance and electrical double layer capacitor than the others, and significantly lower internal diffusion impedance. Thus, D860/AC M exhibits the highest adsorption capacity and rate of V(Ⅳ) among three electrodes. The intra-particle diffusion model fits well in the initial adsorption stage, while the liquid film diffusion model is more suitable for fitting at the later stage. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model is suited for the entire adsorption process. The ad-sorption of V(Ⅳ) on the composite electrode follows that of the Freundlich isotherm. Thermodynamic analysis indicates that the adsorption of V(Ⅳ) is an exothermic process with entropy reduction, and the electric field force plays a dominant role in the CDI process. This work aims to improve our understanding of the ion adsorption behaviors and mechanisms on the composite electrodes in CDI.     

Adsorption properties of Ⅴ(Ⅳ) on resin-activated carbon composite electrodes in capacitive deionization

Composite electrodes prepared by cation exchange resins and activated carbon(AC) were used to adsorb V(IV) in capacitive deionization(CDI). The electrode made of middle resin size(D860/AC M) had the largest specific surface area and mesoporous content than two other composite electrodes. Electrochemical analysis showed that D860/AC M presents higher specific capacitance and electrical double layer capacitor than the others, and significantly lower internal diffusion impedance. Thus, D860/AC M exhibits the highest adsorption capacity and rate of V(IV) among three electrodes. The intra-particle diffusion model fits well in the initial adsorption stage, while the liquid film diffusion model is more suitable for fitting at the later stage. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model is suited for the entire adsorption process. The adsorption of V(IV) on the composite electrode follows that of the Freundlich isotherm. Thermodynamic analysis indicates that the adsorption of V(IV) is an exothermic process with entropy reduction, and the electric field force plays a dominant role in the CDI process. This work aims to improve our understanding of the ion adsorption behaviors and mechanisms on the composite electrodes in CDI.     

掺杂磺酸聚苯胺/碳纳米管复合膜电极制备及其应用

采用共聚法制备了掺杂磺酸的聚苯胺/多壁碳纳米管复合薄膜,并用其对铂电极进行表面修饰而制备出复合膜电极;通过扫描电子显微镜和红外光谱仪对复合膜电极表面的形态和组分进行表征,并采用电化学方法对其导电性和电催化活性进行测试.结果表明:与聚苯胺电极相比,掺杂磺酸的聚苯胺/多壁碳纳米管复合膜电极的表面形态更均匀致密,导电性能显著提高,响应峰电流从145μA增加到1.61mA,表面电荷密度提高了12.1倍,且稳定性也相应提高;复合膜电极具有较高电催化活性,在草酸环境中对抗坏血酸(AA)的线性响应不受干扰,其线性相关系数为0.996 0,灵敏度为9.09A/(mol·cm2),氧化峰的电位差达到340mV,能够明显区分其混合物.