石墨烯基气凝胶吸附材料在空气净化领域的研究进展

综述石墨烯气凝胶的制备方法及石墨烯基气凝胶作为吸附材料在空气净化领域中的应用现状，总结目前石墨烯气凝胶材料存在的问题，并对石墨烯气凝胶在空气净化吸附方面的未来发展方向提出展望。结果表明：石墨烯气凝胶是一种具有大比表面积、高孔隙率、多吸附位点的良好空气净化材料，经改性后的石墨烯气凝胶对气体污染物具有可观的化学吸附能力，结合自身物理吸附性能，成为了近年来备受关注的空气净化材料之一。     

污水处理用气凝胶的研究进展

污水中常见的污染物有重金属离子、油类和染料等,气凝胶以其密度低、孔隙率高、比表面积大等特点,拥有作为新型高效吸附材料的潜力.在污水处理方面具有应用前景的气凝胶材料主要有SiO2气凝胶、石墨烯气凝胶、碳纳米管气凝胶、氮化硼气凝胶、纤维素气凝胶和壳聚糖气凝胶等.本文主要介绍了各种气凝胶制备、改性以及复合工艺对气凝胶吸附性能...     

石墨烯的制备、表征研究进展

石墨烯由于独特的单原子层二维结构及优异的性能,引起了众多学者研究兴趣,在材料、电子、化学、能源、生物医药等众多领域具有广阔的应用前景.通过查阅大量相关文献,总结了石墨烯的各种制备方法及其优缺点,概述了石墨烯的表征方法,展望了石墨烯巨大的应用空间,展示了石墨烯的研究方向,为后续研究石墨烯的工作提供了可借鉴的思路.     

掺杂石墨烯制备方法新进展

石墨烯是一种新兴的二维碳纳米材料,在平面内碳原子以sp2电子轨道杂化形成蜂巢状晶格结构,厚度只有0.34 nm,具备优异的光电性能.然而石墨烯价带和导带之间的带隙为零,这限制了其在纳米电子学中的应用.通过杂原子(如氮、硼、氟等)对石墨烯进行掺杂的方式,可以打开带隙使其成为n型或p型材料,调节其电子结构和其他内在性质,有效地改善或扩大其在各种领域中的应用.掺杂对石墨烯性能的影响主要取决于杂原子键合类型以及掺杂量.比如掺杂氮原子的石墨烯片将在晶格中产生吡啶氮、石墨氮以及吡咯氮这3种常见的键合结构,而不同氮的存在形式会对掺杂石墨烯的催化及电学特性产生影响.本文综述了近年来掺杂石墨烯的制备、性质和应用,比较了现有制备方法的优缺点,介绍了其在能量存储转换、光电器件以及传感器等方面的应用实例,分析总结了现有掺杂石墨烯材料的不足并展望了其未来的发展方向.     

基于人工智能优化石墨烯纳米复合材料吸附水体重金属污染研究进展

鉴于石墨烯纳米材料的优异性能,笔者对其作为载体掺杂不同物质制备出的石墨烯基复合材料在污染水体中吸附重金属等污染物的相关研究文献进行了梳理。结果发现:结合人工智能建模技术优化去除污染水体中重金属过程的工艺参数,能进一步提升石墨烯纳米复合材料对水体中重金属污染物的吸附效率,对污水修复治理具有潜在的研究价值和应用前景。此外,笔者还通过石墨烯负载纳米复合材料的制备、应用及基于人工智能建模优化去除过程的案例对不同优化方法进行了归纳,提出加强人工智能建模研究,在有效降低石墨烯纳米复合材料制备成本的同时,提高其在应用中的回收利用。     

三维石墨烯的制备及其对罗丹明B的吸附性能

提高材料的吸附及循环性能,是污染物治理的课题之一。以氧化石墨烯为前驱体,采用溶剂热还原自组装技术,成功制备了三维石墨烯块材。研究三维石墨烯对罗丹明B溶液的吸附效果和循环使用性能。以活性炭作为参比,探讨了三维石墨烯的吸附机理。结果表明:三维石墨烯对染料的吸附率与活性炭粉吸附率相当,经五次循环后,三维石墨烯的吸附率基本不变,其循环吸附利用率是活性炭的五倍。三维石墨烯对罗丹明B溶液具有良好的吸附性能和循环使用性能。     

多孔石墨烯的制备与应用研究进展

石墨烯由于其特殊的结构和优异的性能受到了科学界的广泛关注.许多研究者受石墨烯优异性能的启发,对石墨烯相关材料进行了广泛的实验和理论研究.多孔石墨烯是一类具有纳米级孔结构的石墨烯材料,在超级电容器、气体分离净化、储氢、DNA检测等领域具有广泛的应用前景.综述了多孔石墨烯材料的最新研究进展,总结了近年来国内外多孔石墨烯制备方法及其潜在应用,还对现有研究成果进行总结分析,并指出了当前仍待解决的问题,为今后工作提出了建议.     

三维结构化石墨烯及其复合材料

石墨烯是由单层碳原子组成的新型二维碳纳米材料,因具有诸多优良的理化性质而广受关注.三维结构化石墨烯是通过对二维片状石墨烯材料进行弯曲、组装获得的一类结构材料,可有效调控石墨烯的电学、光学、化学、机械和催化特性.基于三维石墨烯及其复合材料构建的器件在储能、传感、催化等方面表现出更为突出的性能.因而,制备和应用三维石墨烯材料已经成为当前的研究热点.文中介绍了三维石墨烯及其复合材料的结构类型,并简要评述了目前三维石墨烯材料应用中所面临的挑战和发展前景.     

共价有机框架及其复合材料在水处理中的应用

就共价有机框架(COFs)及其复合材料在有机和无机污染物吸附中的应用进行综述.COFs作为吸附剂的研究重点在于选择合适的构筑单元和制备功能化的COFs以用于吸附不同的污染物.COFs吸附污染物时,表现出吸附容量大、吸附速率快、稳定性强、重复性好等优点.此外,将COFs分别与离子液体(ILs)、纳米粒子或机械载体等材料复合可制备基于COFs的复合材料,从而赋予其操作性和机械性能,便于实际应用.最后,对COFs作为吸附剂在水处理领域的研究进行了展望.     

氧化石墨烯的还原和烷基化及其储能性能研究

石墨烯是由sp2杂化碳原子组成的二维周期蜂窝状点阵结构,其特殊的单原子层结构使其表现出许多奇特的物理化学性质,在电子学、生物医学、储能、传感器等领域显示出广阔的应用前景.然而,由于石墨烯易团聚成石墨,使其不能均匀分散在水或常用的有机溶剂中,在很大程度上限制了它的实际应用.本研究首先利用金属锂和萘的四氢呋喃溶液还原氧化石墨烯,然后对其进行循环烷基化反应,获得了烷基功能化程度不同的石墨烯.该方法通过还原除去了氧化石墨烯中大多数的含氧官能团,很大程度上恢复了石墨烯的导电性(1 361S/m),并且,由于在石墨烯表面引入烷基链,改善了石墨烯的分散性,为石墨烯的进一步加工和应用提供新的思路.通过电化学充放电测试等手段研究了制备的石墨烯材料用作锂离子电池负极活性物质的电化学性能.     

Applications of graphene-based materials in environmental protection and detection

Many efficient adsorbents and sensors based on graphene and functionalized graphene have been constructed for the removal and detection of environmental pollutants due to its unique physicochemical properties. In this article, recent research achievements are reviewed on the application of graphene-based materials in the environmental protection and detection. For environmental protection, modified graphene can adsorb heavy metal ions in a high efficiency and selectivity, and thus reduces them to metals for recycling. High adsorption capacity of graphene-based materials to kinds of organic pollutants in water was also presented. Several graphene-based sensors with high limit of detection were reported to detect heavy metal ions, toxic gases and organic pollutants in environment. Finally, a perspective on the future challenge of adsorbents and detection devices based on graphene is given.     

石墨烯气凝胶与传统香精吸附剂的对比

香精与人们的生活有着紧密的联系,具有消毒杀菌、改善环境、使人舒适的作用。香精与热、光、空气或金属污染物反应产生氧化、聚合、脱氢和热重排而导致物理化学性质发生变化,微囊包封固化或吸附剂表面吸附可以解决这些问题。石墨烯气凝胶具有较大的比表面积、柔韧性、热和化学稳定性,是目前被广泛研究的吸附剂。介绍了石墨烯气凝胶的制备方法和吸附机制,与传统吸附剂的香精吸附效果进行了比较,展望了石墨烯气凝胶在香精吸附领域的应用前景。     

盐湖提锂工艺——高镁锂比盐湖锂盐吸附剂研发进展

 据2019年美国地质调查局统计全球已查明锂资源量6200万t，其中59%锂资源分布在盐湖中，而绝大部分盐湖为高镁锂比盐湖，高镁锂比盐湖中锂的提取工艺更难，吸附剂可以一步直接提锂，研发循环性能高、稳定性强、制备高效的高镁锂比盐湖锂盐吸附剂迫在眉睫。根据吸附剂的制备材料和吸附机理不同，将现有吸附剂进行分类，总结了离子筛吸附剂、铝盐吸附剂、天然矿物改性吸附剂发展现状及吸附流程。对比研究发现，天然矿物改性吸附剂具有离子筛吸附剂和铝盐吸附剂提锂的所有优势，制备简单不产生废料，经济、环保、高效，在未来高镁锂比盐湖提锂工艺中应予以重点关注。     

用于地下回灌的城市污水臭氧处理

为回用城市污水 ,以缓解我国水资源日益短缺的紧张局面 ,研究了臭氧对典型城市二级生化出水 (北京高碑店污水处理厂 )中有机物的去除效果。对以 AOX表征的有机物 ,臭氧与之的直接反应和间接反应的去除率存在限值 ,直接反应的最大去除率可达 2 4% ,间接反应的最大去除率可达 3 8%。间接反应中 ,NO-2 、细菌、苯系物优先与臭氧反应 ,AOX、DOC反应慢 ,臭氧去除 AOX是氧化卤素原子的脱卤作用。二级生化出水经臭氧处理后 ,还可以有效去除细菌 ,并破坏大分子及苯环 ,从而提高了水的可生化降解性。臭氧消耗量为 2 4mg/ L 时 ,再经土壤含水层处理 ,出水 DOC值可达地下水水源标准     

Grains and grain boundaries in single-layer graphene atomic patchwork quilts

The properties of polycrystalline materials are often dominated by the size of their grains and by the atomic structure of their grain boundaries. These effects should be especially pronounced in two-dimensional materials, where even a line defect can divide and disrupt a crystal. These issues take on practical significance in graphene, which is a hexagonal, two-dimensional crystal of carbon atoms. Single-atom-thick graphene sheets can now be produced by chemical vapour deposition on scales of up to metres, making their polycrystallinity almost unavoidable. Theoretically, graphene grain boundaries are predicted to have distinct electronic, magnetic, chemical and mechanical properties that strongly depend on their atomic arrangement. Yet because of the five-order-of-magnitude size difference between grains and the atoms at grain boundaries, few experiments have fully explored the graphene grain structure. Here we use a combination of old and new transmission electron microscopy techniques to bridge these length scales. Using atomic-resolution imaging, we determine the location and identity of every atom at a grain boundary and find that different grains stitch together predominantly through pentagon-heptagon pairs. Rather than individually imaging the several billion atoms in each grain, we use diffraction-filtered imaging to rapidly map the location, orientation and shape of several hundred grains and boundaries, where only a handful have been previously reported. The resulting images reveal an unexpectedly small and intricate patchwork of grains connected by tilt boundaries. By correlating grain imaging with scanning probe and transport measurements, we show that these grain boundaries severely weaken the mechanical strength of graphene membranes but do not as drastically alter their electrical properties. These techniques open a new window for studies on the structure, properties and control of grains and grain boundaries in graphene and other two-dimensional materials.     

综合利用煤矸石资源

煤矸石是煤炭工业的固体废弃物，一般含Ａｌ２Ｏ３在２０～３０％，又是宝贵的铝资源。煤矸石可用酸浸取以制备铝盐，浸取渣经适当处理，可制得廉价的吸附剂。实验结果表明，煤矸石中Ａｌ２Ｏ３的溶出率可达９５％以上，制得的吸附剂具有良好的吸附性能。煤矸石的酸浸取液可直接作为废水处理的絮凝剂使用，制得的吸附剂也可直接用于工业废水处理，达到以废治废的目的。通过煤矸石的综合利用，还能产生一定的经济效益，实现环境效益和经济效益的统一。     

Atom-by-atom spectroscopy at graphene edge

The properties of many nanoscale devices are sensitive to local atomic configurations, and so elemental identification and electronic state analysis at the scale of individual atoms is becoming increasingly important. For example, graphene is regarded as a promising candidate for future devices, and the electronic properties of nanodevices constructed from this material are in large part governed by the edge structures. The atomic configurations at graphene boundaries have been investigated by transmission electron microscopy and scanning tunnelling microscopy, but the electronic properties of these edge states have not yet been determined with atomic resolution. Whereas simple elemental analysis at the level of single atoms can now be achieved by means of annular dark field imaging or electron energy-loss spectroscopy, obtaining fine-structure spectroscopic information about individual light atoms such as those of carbon has been hampered by a combination of extremely weak signals and specimen damage by the electron beam. Here we overcome these difficulties to demonstrate site-specific single-atom spectroscopy at a graphene boundary, enabling direct investigation of the electronic and bonding structures of the edge atoms-in particular, discrimination of single-, double- and triple-coordinated carbon atoms is achieved with atomic resolution. By demonstrating how rich chemical information can be obtained from single atoms through energy-loss near-edge fine-structure analysis, our results should open the way to exploring the local electronic structures of various nanodevices and individual molecules.     

Organic dye removal and recycling performances of graphene oxide-coated biopolymer sponge

In this study, a biopolymer sponge (PS) with a crosslinked mixture of gelatin-chitosan-poly(vinyl alcohol) was dipped into graphene oxide (GO) solution to form a composite sponge (CS, GO-coated PS) by a combination of simple dip-coating and freeze-drying procedures, as a sponge-like adsorbent in organic dye removal applications. The morphological, chemical, crystalline, mechanical and thermal characterizations of the as-obtained sponges were further investigated for the possible changes in the structure of sponge-like adsorbent after coating the GO sheets on the 3D porous structure of PS. The results showed that the CS had possessed effectively organic dye removal performances comparing to the PS. In the adsorption, the Langmuir and pseudo-second-order models corresponding to a monolayer approach and a chemical adsorption were appropriated. The maximum adsorption capacity of Rhodamine B and Congo red reached 126.8 and 135.0 ?mg?g^?1; and 145.6 and 148.6 ?mg?g^?1 corresponding onto the PS and CS. It indicates that the maximum adsorption capacity on the CS enhanced significantly comparing to those on the PS owing to the functional GO sheets coated in the 3D porous structure of PS, which leads to supplying further functional adsorption sides on the whole 3D porous structure of CS. Notably, the sponges-like adsorbents could be regenerated and used again without a remarkable decrease of dye removal ability occurred in 9 adsorbing–desorbing cycles. Therefore, the CS prepared in this study can become a potential adsorbent for actual applications because of non-toxic materials, proper structural features, low-cost material and operation, and reliable recyclability.     

水涤脱附条件下活性炭脱硫中吸附反应空间的研究

以不同吸附材料的吸附性能测试实验结果为依据,研究了水涤脱附条件下活性炭脱硫的机理,并以Zawadzki的反应机理为依据,对整个反应过程中的吸附反应空间进行了分析和估算.研究表明,在有水的情况下,只有当孔隙中具有一定的反应空间,使其能容纳反应系统的空间构型时,SO2才能发生氧化,从而产生有效的吸附位.因此,活性炭的孔径分布是决定吸附材料对SO2吸附性能的关键;孔宽为1nm时的吸附过程具有最大的孔隙利用率;峰值孔径超过1nm、颗粒直径为3mm的MHY30中孔型颗粒活性炭是一种理想的吸附材料.     

海藻酸钠复合吸附材料研究进展

海藻酸钠具有良好的生物相容性、亲水性、以及特殊成形性,相对于其他吸附材料原料丰富易得、价格低廉被广泛用于吸附重金属离子、染料、抗生素、农药、表面活性剂等污染物.文章介绍了海藻酸钠交联水凝胶、互传网络凝胶、海藻酸钠小颗粒吸附剂复合材料以及磁性复合材料吸附污染物的研究进展.海藻酸钠复合材料脱附后可以重复使用且能保持良好的吸附效果,是一种非常有前途的生物聚合物材料.