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1.
中国科技大学微尺度物质科学国家实验室潘建伟研究小组在国际上首次实验实现了光子比特与原子比特之间的量子态隐形传输。光子是量子通信中最好的信息载体,但却难以存储;而原子态可用来存储量子态。在不破坏其量子特性的情况下,将飞行(光)量子比特所载信息传送到静止(原子)量子比特上.并在需要时成功读取原子量子比特内存储的信息,将是未来量子信息处理中的重要组成部分。研究人员利用极化光子态作为量子信息的载体,利用由大约100万铷原子构成的冷原子系综作为量子存储器.制备了光子与原子系综态之间的纠缠。通过这个光子-原子纠缠源,进行了光量子比特到远程原子比特的量子态隐形传输。传输到原子比特的量子信息在存储了8S后,被成功地转换为光量子态以作进一步的量子信息处理。  相似文献   

2.
采用数值计算方法研究了强相干初态光场与级联型三能级原子相互作用中的光子统计演化。结果表明:光子统计演化呈现Rabi型量子崩塌与回复的性质,随着值的不断增大,场与原子的非线性耦合越来越强,重复地出现回复收缩现象。  相似文献   

3.
通过两个全同巨原子分别有效地耦合到一维波导的两个位置,探索了波导中单光子的散射特性,提出了非互易量子开关的理论实现方案.方案中,基于两个全同原子与一维波导组成的耦合系统哈密顿量,计算得到了系统约束态,并通过调整巨原子与波导的耦合位置和耦合系数等参数模拟得出了单光子的散射特性.研究发现:当巨原子的两个引脚的间距L满足kL≠nπ(n为整数)且巨原子与波导耦合的两个耦合系数存在相位差时,光子从两侧分别输入得到的光子输运呈现非互易量子现象.尤其是光子从一侧输入时几乎全部被吸收,而从另一侧输入时则可以通过.研究结果可以用于单光子量子开关和单光子二极管等量子器件的研究.  相似文献   

4.
本文提出一个级联型三能级原子与初始处于相干态的双模辐射场相互作用的量子统计模型,由此讨论了平均光子数和原子能级算符平均值的性质,揭示了级联型原子跃迁特有的现象。  相似文献   

5.
考虑初始处于Bell态的两原子比特,将其中一个注入真空态腔中发生多光子共振相互作用情况.运用量子信息熵理论,研究对腔外原子比特施逻辑门操作及基态测量前后,腔内原子比特的熵压缩性质.结果表明,操作腔外原子比特前,腔内原子比特不产生熵压缩现象;对腔外原子比特施Hadamard(H)门和H类门操作后,在k=3光子过程中,腔内原子比特产生周期为π/(3!)~1/2熵压缩现象,可制备最佳熵压缩态;在k3的多光子过程中,随着光子数增加,熵压缩因子E(Sx)产生高频振荡,一般熵压缩频繁出现,最佳熵压缩产生次数明显增加,有利于噪声环境下量子通信和量子计算的实验实现.  相似文献   

6.
提出了一个用原子与腔场纠缠态作为量子信道,非贝尔态测量和腔量子电动力学技术实现弱相干态的隐形传送的方案,分析了平均光子数对传送相干态的影响,发现平均光子数在0.25附近时效果最佳.该方案的最大优点是在某种程度上可以避免退相干现象.  相似文献   

7.
<正>近日,我国在基于量子中继的量子通信网络技术方面取得重大突破,在国际上首次实现相距50公里光纤的存储器间的量子纠缠。中国科学技术大学、济南量子技术研究院、中科院上海微系统与信息技术研究所等单位的科学家合作,通过高亮度光与原子纠缠源、低噪高效单光子频率转换和远程单光子精密干涉等技术,成功地将相距50公里光纤的两个量子存储器纠缠起来,为构建基于量子中继的量子网络奠定了基础。  相似文献   

8.
基于低Q腔的单光子输入输出过程实现量子信息处理任务.将2个光子的极化态编码为1个逻辑量子比特,编码方式对于集体旋转噪声免疫.提出了实现原子和逻辑量子比特之间的混合控制相位翻转门,2个逻辑量子比特之间的CNOT门,逻辑量子比特的纠缠制备,原子到逻辑量子比特的量子态转移等方案.  相似文献   

9.
利用冯·纽曼量子约化熵理论研究了多模相干态光场与单个二能级原子简并多光子共振相互作用系统中场量子熵与纠缠的时间演化特性,得到了多模光场量子熵的解析表达式,并给出了三模场与原子相互作用时场量子熵的数值计算结果,详细讨论了此时初始平均光子数、原子分布角以及原子偶极相位角对场量子熵与纠缠的影响.数值计算结果表明:初始光场越强,场与原子之间的量子纠缠越弱,当光场足够强时,两子系统几乎始终处于退纠缠状态;场量子熵强烈地依赖于原子分布角,光场与原子总是处于纠缠态,并且在短时间的振荡之后几乎停留在最大纠缠态,而原子分布角越大,场量子熵演化到其最大值的时间越短;原子偶极相位角对场与原子之间的量子纠缠几乎没有影响.根据场量子熵的这些特性,可以制备纠缠态或纯态.  相似文献   

10.
用数值计算方法研究了与强度有关的双光子J-C模型中原子的粒子数反转特性和光子统计演化.结果表明:量子崩塌与复苏的性质只能维持很短的时间,然后将趋向混乱,且随着初始平均光子数万值的不断增加.场与原子的非线性耦合越来越强,崩塌与复苏周期越来越短.这显然跟与强度无关的双光子J-C模型中原子和光场的量子特性不同.  相似文献   

11.
Q Si  S Rabello  K Ingersent  J L Smith 《Nature》2001,413(6858):804-808
When a metal undergoes a continuous quantum phase transition, non-Fermi-liquid behaviour arises near the critical point. All the low-energy degrees of freedom induced by quantum criticality are usually assumed to be spatially extended, corresponding to long-wavelength fluctuations of the order parameter. But this picture has been contradicted by the results of recent experiments on a prototype system: heavy fermion metals at a zero-temperature magnetic transition. In particular, neutron scattering from CeCu6-x Aux has revealed anomalous dynamics at atomic length scales, leading to much debate as to the fate of the local moments in the quantum-critical regime. Here we report our theoretical finding of a locally critical quantum phase transition in a model of heavy fermions. The dynamics at the critical point are in agreement with experiment. We propose local criticality to be a phenomenon of general relevance to strongly correlated metals.  相似文献   

12.
Liu C  Dutton Z  Behroozi CH  Hau LV 《Nature》2001,409(6819):490-493
Electromagnetically induced transparency is a quantum interference effect that permits the propagation of light through an otherwise opaque atomic medium; a 'coupling' laser is used to create the interference necessary to allow the transmission of resonant pulses from a 'probe' laser. This technique has been used to slow and spatially compress light pulses by seven orders of magnitude, resulting in their complete localization and containment within an atomic cloud. Here we use electromagnetically induced transparency to bring laser pulses to a complete stop in a magnetically trapped, cold cloud of sodium atoms. Within the spatially localized pulse region, the atoms are in a superposition state determined by the amplitudes and phases of the coupling and probe laser fields. Upon sudden turn-off of the coupling laser, the compressed probe pulse is effectively stopped; coherent information initially contained in the laser fields is 'frozen' in the atomic medium for up to 1 ms. The coupling laser is turned back on at a later time and the probe pulse is regenerated: the stored coherence is read out and transferred back into the radiation field. We present a theoretical model that reveals that the system is self-adjusting to minimize dissipative loss during the 'read' and 'write' operations. We anticipate applications of this phenomenon for quantum information processing.  相似文献   

13.
Optomechanical systems, in which light drives and is affected by the motion of a massive object, will comprise a new framework for nonlinear quantum optics, with applications ranging from the storage and transduction of quantum information to enhanced detection sensitivity in gravitational wave detectors. However, quantum optical effects in optomechanical systems have remained obscure, because their detection requires the object’s motion to be dominated by vacuum fluctuations in the optical radiation pressure; so far, direct observations have been stymied by technical and thermal noise. Here we report an implementation of cavity optomechanics using ultracold atoms in which the collective atomic motion is dominantly driven by quantum fluctuations in radiation pressure. The back-action of this motion onto the cavity light field produces ponderomotive squeezing. We detect this quantum phenomenon by measuring sub-shot-noise optical squeezing. Furthermore, the system acts as a low-power, high-gain, nonlinear parametric amplifier for optical fluctuations, demonstrating a gain of 20?dB with a pump corresponding to an average of only seven intracavity photons. These findings may pave the way for low-power quantum optical devices, surpassing quantum limits on position and force sensing, and the control and measurement of motion in quantum gases.  相似文献   

14.
Multiferroic and magnetoelectric materials   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
Eerenstein W  Mathur ND  Scott JF 《Nature》2006,442(7104):759-765
A ferroelectric crystal exhibits a stable and switchable electrical polarization that is manifested in the form of cooperative atomic displacements. A ferromagnetic crystal exhibits a stable and switchable magnetization that arises through the quantum mechanical phenomenon of exchange. There are very few 'multiferroic' materials that exhibit both of these properties, but the 'magnetoelectric' coupling of magnetic and electrical properties is a more general and widespread phenomenon. Although work in this area can be traced back to pioneering research in the 1950s and 1960s, there has been a recent resurgence of interest driven by long-term technological aspirations.  相似文献   

15.
An elementary quantum network operation involves storing a qubit state in an atomic quantum memory node, and then retrieving and transporting the information through a single photon excitation to a remote quantum memory node for further storage or analysis. Implementations of quantum network operations are thus conditioned on the ability to realize matter-to-light and/or light-to-matter quantum state mappings. Here we report the generation, transmission, storage and retrieval of single quanta using two remote atomic ensembles. A single photon is generated from a cold atomic ensemble at one site , and is directed to another site through 100 metres of optical fibre. The photon is then converted into a single collective atomic excitation using a dark-state polariton approach. After a programmable storage time, the atomic excitation is converted back into a single photon. This is demonstrated experimentally, for a storage time of 0.5 microseconds, by measurement of an anti-correlation parameter. Storage times exceeding ten microseconds are observed by intensity cross-correlation measurements. This storage period is two orders of magnitude longer than the time required to achieve conversion between photonic and atomic quanta. The controlled transfer of single quanta between remote quantum memories constitutes an important step towards distributed quantum networks.  相似文献   

16.
The effect of quantum statistics in quantum gases and liquids results in observable collective properties among many-particle systems. One prime example is Bose-Einstein condensation, whose onset in a quantum liquid leads to phenomena such as superfluidity and superconductivity. A Bose-Einstein condensate is generally defined as a macroscopic occupation of a single-particle quantum state, a phenomenon technically referred to as off-diagonal long-range order due to non-vanishing off-diagonal components of the single-particle density matrix. The wavefunction of the condensate is an order parameter whose phase is essential in characterizing the coherence and superfluid phenomena. The long-range spatial coherence leads to the existence of phase-locked multiple condensates in an array of superfluid helium, superconducting Josephson junctions or atomic Bose-Einstein condensates. Under certain circumstances, a quantum phase difference of pi is predicted to develop among weakly coupled Josephson junctions. Such a meta-stable pi-state was discovered in a weak link of superfluid 3He, which is characterized by a 'p-wave' order parameter. The possible existence of such a pi-state in weakly coupled atomic Bose-Einstein condensates has also been proposed, but remains undiscovered. Here we report the observation of spontaneous build-up of in-phase ('zero-state') and antiphase ('pi-state') 'superfluid' states in a solid-state system; an array of exciton-polariton condensates connected by weak periodic potential barriers within a semiconductor microcavity. These in-phase and antiphase states reflect the band structure of the one-dimensional polariton array and the dynamic characteristics of metastable exciton-polariton condensates.  相似文献   

17.
多孔硅荧光谱双峰结构的研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
采用阳极腐蚀法制备了多孔硅(PS),用原子力显微镜(AFM)照片对其表面和结构做了分析,观察到多孔硅纳米尺寸的微结构;并进行了多孔硅层(PSL)的光致发光谱(PL)测量,观察到PL谱峰的“蓝移”和双峰现象,符合量子尺寸效应和发光中心理论,红外吸收光谱进一步证明了发光中心的存在。  相似文献   

18.
Bayer M  Stern O  Hawrylak P  Fafard S  Forchel A 《Nature》2000,405(6789):923-926
Quantum dots or 'artificial atoms' are of fundamental and technological interest--for example, quantum dots may form the basis of new generations of lasers. The emission in quantum-dot lasers originates from the recombination of excitonic complexes, so it is important to understand the dot's internal electronic structure (and of fundamental interest to compare this to real atomic structure). Here we investigate artificial electronic structure by injecting optically a controlled number of electrons and holes into an isolated single quantum dot. The charge carriers form complexes that are artificial analogues of hydrogen, helium, lithium, beryllium, boron and carbon excitonic atoms. We observe that electrons and holes occupy the confined electronic shells in characteristic numbers according to the Pauli exclusion principle. In each degenerate shell, collective condensation of the electrons and holes into coherent many-exciton ground states takes place; this phenomenon results from hidden symmetries (the analogue of Hund's rules for real atoms) in the energy function that describes the multi-particle system. Breaking of the hidden symmetries leads to unusual quantum interferences in emission involving excited states.  相似文献   

19.
Quantum criticality is associated with a system composed of a nearly infinite number of interacting quantum degrees of freedom at zero temperature, and it implies that the system looks on average the same regardless of the time- and length scale on which it is observed. Electrons on the atomic scale do not exhibit such symmetry, which can only be generated as a collective phenomenon through the interactions between a large number of electrons. In materials with strong electron correlations a quantum phase transition at zero temperature can occur, and a quantum critical state has been predicted, which manifests itself through universal power-law behaviours of the response functions. Candidates have been found both in heavy-fermion systems and in the high-transition temperature (high-T(c)) copper oxide superconductors, but the reality and the physical nature of such a phase transition are still debated. Here we report a universal behaviour that is characteristic of the quantum critical region. We demonstrate that the experimentally measured phase angle agrees precisely with the exponent of the optical conductivity. This points towards a quantum phase transition of an unconventional kind in the high-T(c) superconductors.  相似文献   

20.
实现量子态的隐形传送,尤其是多比特的量子态的隐形传送在量子信息领域中具有非常重要的作用。本文提出了一种用一个三原子和相干态腔场的纠缠态作为量子信道,隐形传送三比特的未知原子态的方案。  相似文献   

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