总量控制中水污染物允许排放量公平分配研究

对水污染物总量控制中公平分配各污染源允许排放量的意义以及现有的分配方法中存在的不公平问题进行了分析,总结了导致允许排分配不公平的因素,提出了允许排放量公平分配的原则,并在此基础上建立了水污染物允许排放量公平分配模型,这将有助于总量控制规划方案的顺利实施,有效地控制污染,改善环境,使经济得以持续发展。     

基于合理性指数的入河污染物多目标总量分配模型

基于水环境容量的污染物总量分配是污染物容量总量控制的核心内容.建立了以水环境容量利用率和总量分配合理性指数最大为目标,以WESC2D水环境模型和RPSM粒子群算法为工具的动态水文条件下入河污染物多目标总量分配模型,并在赣江下游控制单元进行了应用研究.结果表明,该模型兼顾了公平与效率原则,实现了污染物总量分配方案的科学性、合理性和可行性,无需试算、灵活易用,适用于不同分配主体,并为赣江下游控制单元污染物总量控制提供了决策依据.     

象山港海域环境容量的二步分配法

现有的总量控制污染负荷分配方法通常不考虑非点源污染,使环境容量的计算缺乏科学性,分配缺乏可操作性,污染控制方案难以达到预期效果.在象山港海洋环境容量总量控制研究中,在全面识别非点源污染负荷的基础上,提出了环境容量的二步分配法,即首先为管理控制难度大的非点源预留环境容量,再将剩余容量在其它部门间进行环境经济优化分配.海域环境容量的二步分配法将非点源纳入总量控制的分配体系,同时考虑了部门间的优化分配,有助于实现海域环境目标和环境容量资源的最佳利用.     

应用模糊数学分析水质及预测污染负荷

提出关于水质和污染负荷的模糊分析方法，采用多因素模糊评判对水质进行单级或多级综合评判，根据最大隶属原理决定其水质好坏；采用模糊关系法预测污染负荷。用两极模糊综合评判，根据三峡库区香溪河长期观察资料进行了水质分析，得到合理的结果，引进工业污染的模糊关系，根据该地区有关资料，首次提出并采用模糊关系法预报了未来的污染负荷。     

东洞庭湖区域非点源农业污染负荷评估

在我国,规模农业面源污染已成为影响湖泊流域水环境质量与环境状况的重要原因之一.本文通过相关污染系数与污染源统计的方法对东洞庭湖流域的非点源污染总量与污染负荷进行了估算,分别对农田、生活、畜禽养殖、水产养殖等不同类型非点源污染源的污染负荷进行了计算.研究结果表明,畜禽养殖和生活污染是东洞庭湖流域非点源污染的主要负荷来源,特别是畜禽养殖的TN、TP、COD污染负荷占该区域总污染负荷的63.1%、82.2%、62.5%,其次是城市和农村生活污染负荷.今后东洞庭湖区域应将畜禽养殖业以及生活污染作为该区域非点源污染控制的重点对象,并完善相关农业环境保护政策.     

基于投入产出的区域主导产业污染负荷核算

作为规划环评主要内容的区域主导产业污染负荷核算,不仅包含主导产业本身所引起的直接污染,还应包含由于相关产业的集聚效应产生的间接污染。以经济投入产出关系和行业污染物排放量等经济与环境统计量为基础,设计出一套间接污染负荷核算方法。依据这一核算方法,对2007年全国38个工业行业的直接、间接和总污染负荷状况进行核算与排序。以行业污染总负荷为依据,对2007至2009年3年间全国增长最快的10个工业行业进行评价,结果显示2007、2008、2009年属于相对高污染型的行业分别有6、7和3个。     

基于POI信息挖掘的网格空间负荷预测方法

空间负荷预测是配电网网格化规划的基础，互联网的发展使得将大数据技术应用于空间负荷预测成为了可能，本研究基于开源大数据，提出一种基于POI信息挖掘的网格空间负荷预测方法.首先基于python编程语言调用网络地图平台的API接口，获取开源的用户数据并利用射线法及正则匹配法进行信息挖掘，从而得到用于网格空间负荷预测的基础数据.其次参考配电网规划标准，建立规划区用地指标体系，并对基础数据进行归一化处理以反映各个网格的负荷分布情况.接着基于规划区具体情况，综合三种传统总量负荷预测方法进行总量负荷预测.最后结合总量负荷预测结果与负荷分布情况，基于总量负荷预测结果与网格负荷归一化占比分配总量负荷指标进行网格空间负荷预测，并拟合负荷发展特性曲线对预测结果进行验证.根据规划区实际情况应用本文中所述方法，可为配电网网格化规划提供依据.最后结合实际区域验证了所述方法的实用性.     

效率与公平两级优化的水污染物总量分配模型

排污企业间的水污染物初始分配是完成总量控制的基础工作,为了更合理地兼顾效率和公平原则,对水污染物总量进行分配,建立了效率与公平两级递阶优化的目标规划模型．以企业总产值为效率目标,建立第一级效率优化模型,利用公平区间和满意度的定义构建公平偏离指数概念,反映企业间水污染物分配的公平程度;以公平偏离指数为公平目标,建立第二级公平优化模型,引入反映决策者偏好的调节系数协调效率和公平目标应用模型进行模拟算例分析,通过对调节系数进行敏感性分析可以定量协调效率和公平目标．结果表明,该模型有助于制定合理、灵活的排污企业间水污染物的初始分配方案     

基于变差系数法的水污染物总量分配模型

在考虑排污权公平准则的基础上,将数学领域的变差系数概念引入环境领域,选取与水污染物排放量紧密相关的各项指标,并利用各项指标的变差系数来度量各个区域的社会、经济和环境等客观因素发展的不平衡,同时应用相关系数法确定各项指标权重,建立了一种新的基于变差系数加权和的水污染物总量优化分配模型,并将该模型应用于汉江水源地汉中市的水污染物COD总量分配中。实验结果表明:该优化模型能够考虑各区域之间的差异,缩小各区域间总量分配的不均衡,是一种更具公平性和可行性的分配方法。     

综合经济目标下的电厂汽轮机组最优负荷分配

提出了基于动态规划法的汽轮发电机组负荷分配的优化模型,该模型考虑了机组主要部件的低周疲劳寿命损耗、机组的最小运行时间和最小停机时间、负荷最大爬升和降负荷速度限制等约束条件,并对各种因素对负荷分配计算结果的影响进行了比较分析.文中以一个具有4台300MW机组的电厂作为运行单元,考虑运行单元内部的各种费用,并将其折合成标准煤耗量.计算结果表明,采用这种负荷分配模型,在满足电网调度负荷的前提下,可以降低煤耗率3g/(kW·h).     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.