2.5M提升机主轴材料的断裂韧性及其脆性失稳断裂

本文简要叙述了测定提升机主轴断裂韧度Jc、a_k、da/dN ΔK_(th)等的重要工程意义及测试的基本原理,给出了该材料的断裂韧度以及有关的数据,对于主轴材料的L—R三点弯曲试样在压裂试验过程中,裂纹扩展量较小,且具有脆性失稳断裂的特点进行了分析,提出了按估算极限载荷来控制停机点的试验方法,并对J—K的换算提出了建议。     

疲劳裂纹装置在岩石断裂测试中的应用

《疲劳裂纹装置》能对三点弯曲的岩石试样进行疲劳裂纹试验,并绘制出岩石弯曲断裂全过程的P-V曲线,能满足岩石断裂测试技术上的要求.     

用带中心孔巴西圆盘试样测定岩石断裂韧度的研究

提出了一种用带中心孔巴西肋试样测定岩石断裂韧度的方法：首先利用Ｇｒｉｆｆｉｔｈ理论确定径向均布载荷作用下试样沿加载直径与孔边交点发生起裂的充分条件,然后对带中心孔平台加载的巴西圆盘试样采用二维边界元法标定出岩石的最大无量纲应力强度因子Ｙｍａｘ,并利用加载位移曲线获得载荷极小值Ｐｍｉｎ,用提出的方法所获得的一种灰岩的断裂韧度ＫＩＣ值与国际岩石力学迷会建议的人字形切槽试验法获得的该岩样标准ＫＩＣ值基本     

水岩作用下砂岩断裂韧度及抗拉强度的试验研究

为了解在考虑时间效应的水岩作用下砂岩Ⅰ型断裂韧度、抗拉强度的变化规律及其相关性,选取三峡库区库水变幅带砂岩为研究对象,设计紧凑的实验方案,对周期性饱水-风干循环状态和长期饱水状态下的砂岩试样开展了三点弯曲断裂韧度试验和劈裂抗拉强度试验.试验结果表明:在水岩作用下,砂岩的断裂韧度和抗拉强度软化效应明显,且随着浸泡时间的增加,软化效应呈先增大后稳定的趋势.同时,在同一周期内砂岩试样的断裂韧度和抗拉强度有相近的软化系数,契合岩石的抗拉强度和断裂韧度存在较好的相关性.最后通过数据拟合得到了砂岩断裂韧度与抗拉强度的相关关系,拟合相关性较高,并通过与试验数据的比较,验证了公式的可行性.研究成果对水岩作用下砂岩断裂韧度与抗拉强度的相关性有一定的参考价值,为通过砂岩抗拉强度预测估算断裂韧度提供了便利,同时也可为其他类型岩石的相关研究提供参考.     

基于离散元模型的岩石Ⅱ型断裂研究

为了解决岩石Ⅱ型断裂韧度的准确测量问题，提高对工程裂隙岩体稳定评价的可靠性，采用颗粒离散单元法，从微观裂纹、声发射及块体特征角度出发，结合断裂韧度计算，对短芯压缩(SCC)试样进行了数值研究。结果表明：随着切槽间距比(C/H)的增加，试样破坏模式会由纯剪向拉剪混合过渡；声发射模式前震-主震-后震型(C/H≥0.3)的转变与块体破坏特征也验证了这一结果；当C/H=0.2时，计算所得的断裂韧度与室内试验测得的值相符，验证了所采用方法对于Ⅱ型断裂韧度测试的准确性。借助离散单元法阐明了短芯压缩试样的破裂特征，从裂纹扩展的角度明确了切槽间距变化对破坏形态及破坏模式影响的规律，可为实验室精确测量岩石Ⅱ型断裂韧度提供参考。     

温度对岩石类材料断裂性能的影响研究

根据CCCD-SHPB测试原理,利用平台巴西圆盘研究温度对岩石类材料断裂性能的影响,实验过程中通过控制加载脉冲,使得测试试件的加载速率基本一致,仅改变试件测试的环境温度.根据中心裂纹圆盘试件断裂韧性测试方法,在SHPB装置上完成岩石类材料的动态断裂韧度随温度变化的测试,获得了不同温度下中心裂纹巴西圆盘岩石试件的动态断裂韧度.     

岩石断裂韧性的研究

本文首先从理论上和数值计算结果上定性地分析了岩石内部的节理、裂隙及孔洞、空隙等对裂纹尖端的应力集中的影响,并通过实验手段测出了岩石试件裂纹尖端的应力集中松弛系数R,由此对岩石断裂韧度K_(IC)计算公式进行了修正;对边界配位法理论的最佳配点数m的取值问题也进行了研究。还以对岩石断裂韧度测试中三点弯曲试件的尺寸要求进行了试验研究。     

脉冲载荷影响岩石动态断裂韧性的有限元分析

依据岩石材料的力学性质以及中心裂纹圆盘试件在脆性材料断裂韧度测试方面的优越性,提出了在霍布金森压杆上使用中心裂纹圆盘试件来测试岩石动态断裂韧度的试验方法。利用有限元分析软件,通过对该试验系统的纯Ⅰ型加载情况下的三维动力学有限元计算,系统的分析了加载脉冲上升沿对岩石类材料动态断裂韧度测试的影响。通过比较中心裂纹圆盘试件动态应力强度因子的近场解和远场解,依据有限元分析结果确定动载荷脉冲上升沿时间对岩石动态应力强度因子的影响,从而选择合理的时间值。     

用短棒试件测定岩石的动静态断裂韧度

采用自行设计的加载压头和粘接在V形切口短棒岩石断裂韧度试件上的2个半圆形钢片,实现了通过压头施加压缩载荷从而使裂纹尖端承受拉仲载荷的目的。用这种方法可测定岩石的断裂韧度。特别是可以在分离式霍布金生压杆装置上较方便地测定应力波加载时岩石的动态断裂韧度。研究了加载率对岩石断裂韧度等材料性能的影响,并给出大理岩动静态断裂韧度的测定结果。     

岩石断裂韧度与抗压强度的相关规律

利用Instron 1342型电液伺服材料试验机,采用单轴压缩试验和双扭常位移松弛试验对大理岩、上盘二辉橄榄岩、下盘二辉橄榄岩、矿石、混合岩5组岩石的试件进行力学参数测试,获得相应的抗压强度、Ⅰ型断裂韧度等试验数据.以试验数据为依据,分析这5组岩石的Ⅰ型断裂韧度与抗压强度的关系.研究结果表明:随着抗压强度σ_c的增加,I型断裂韧度K_(Ⅰc)相应增大,且呈很好的线性关系,其关系式为:K_(Ⅰc)=0.026 5σ_c+0.001 4,其相关系数R~2为0.94.基于该关系式,可由易于测试的抗压强度估算Ⅰ型断裂韧度.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the