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1.
1918 Nan’ao earthquake (M7.5) occurred in the northeast coastal areas of Guangdong Province. With the seismogeological survey of the epicentral area and history materials analyses, the earthquake epicenter was estimated to locate in the intersection part of the Binhai fault zone (Littoral) and Huanggangshui fault, which strikes NEE and NW, respectively. The activities of the NEE-striking thrust fault and NW-striking extensional fault that were attributed to 1918 Nan’ao earthquake occurred in the Dongshan Island of the epicentral area; they reflected the focal stress field with compression in NW-SE direction and extension in NE-SW direction. The isoseismal contour of seismic intensity X shows a shape of ‘X’ composed of two mutually overlapping ellipses with two axes striking NEE and NW, respectively, and such shape implies that the occurrence of this earthquake is controlled by a pair of conjugate seismotectonic faults constituted by the NEE-striking Binhai fault zone and the NW-striking Huanggangshui fault. The Binhai fault zone is a dominant seismogenic structure, and the NW-striking Huanggangshui fault is the subdominant one. The onshoreoffshore deep seismic profile that crossed the epicentral area and was perpendicular to the strike of the Binhai fault zone was obtained. According to the analyses of the seismic data, the Binhai fault zone is defined as a low velocity zone with SE dip-slip in thecrustal structure section. The Binhai fault zone is a boundary fault between the South China subplate and South China Sea subplate. The crust structure on the northwest side of Binhai fault zone is a normal continental crust with a thickness of 30 km, and the one on the southeast side of the fault zone is a thinning continental crust with a thickness of 25―28 km. The Binhai fault zone is an important seismogenic fault and also is an earthquake-controlling fault. The intersection part between the Binhai fault zone and the low velocity zone of upper crust is advantageous to stress concentration and strain energy accumulation, and presents the deep dynamic conditions for the earthquake’s pregnancy and occurrence.  相似文献   

2.
In order to research the vibration law of electrostatic suspension systems in the vertical direction, the mathematical model as a nonlinear differential equation is established. A series of simulation is carried out. The results show that the solution of the differential equation is a periodic function. The amplitude becomes bigger with the original velocity increased. The period becomes smaller with the original velocity increasing. The numerical methods are presented to derive the amplitude and the frequency, and the results coincide with that of the simulation. The condition during which the simple harmonic vibration arises is pointed out. The expressions for the amplitude and the period of simple harmonic vibration are derived respectively, and the results are the same with that of the simulation. This study is helpful for researching the vibration characteristics of the electrostatic suspension system. The external disturb should be controlled to lower the amplitude and the frequency of the vibration.  相似文献   

3.
Lattice preferred orientations (LPO) of plagioclase and augite are measured on layered gabbro from the Panxi region, Sichuan Province. The LPO concentration [010] of plagioclase and [100] of augite are perpendicular to the foliation, which indicates a kind of growth fabric associated with crystallizing habits of minerals when the magma is solidifying under the compaction. Calculated seismic velocities based on LPO data of minerals give rise to rather strong anisotropy 5.81% and 5.54% for compressional seismic wave (Vp) and shear seismic wave (Vs), respectively. The experiments at high temperature and high pressure show that the P-wave velocity of layered gabbro is 6.4-6.97 km/s with the maximum Vp anisotropy 5.22% and the Poisson‘s ratio is between 0.28-0.31. According to the comparison of fabrics with seismic velocities of layered gabbro, it is suggested that the large-scale layered intrusive body or the similar layered geological body may exist in the lower crust of this area. Such a layered intrusive body which has strong seismic anisotropy may be the seismic reflector in the lower crust.  相似文献   

4.
Frequency-domain waveform seismic tomography includes modeling of wave propagation and full waveform inversion of correcting the initial velocity model. In the forward modeling, we use direct solution based on sparse matrix factorization, combined with nine-point finite-difference for the linear system of equations. In the waveform inversion, we use preconditioned gradient method where the preconditioner is provided by the diagonal of the approximate Hessian matrix. We successfully applied waveform inversion method from low to high frequency in two sets of Marmousi data. One is the data set generated by frequencydomain finite-difference modeling, and the other is the original Marmousi shots data set. The former result is very close to the true velocity model. In the original shots data set inversion, we replace the prior source with estimated source; the result is also acceptable, and consistent with the true model.  相似文献   

5.
The distribution characteristics of collapse ratios of buildings in Kobe city due to the 1995 M7.2 Hyogo-ken Nanbu, Japan (Kobe) earthquake and the interferenres due to SH or P-SV and the second surface waves propagating in heterogeneous medium are discussed in this paper by using numerical simulation technique of wave equation. The staggered grid real value fast Fourier transform differentiation (SGRFFTD) is used in the pseudospectral method of ground motion simulations because of its speed, high stability and accuracy. The results show that the maximum amplitude of simulated acceleration waveforms on the ground coincides well with the complicated distributions of collapse ratios of buildings. The peak collapse ratio of buildings away from the earthquake fault also coincides well with the peak ground acceleration. The spatial interference process is analyzed by using the snap shots of seismic wave propagation. The peak ground acceleration is probably caused by the interferences due to the second surfare wave transmitting from the bedrock to sedimentary basin and the upward body wave. Analyses of the interference process show that seismic velocity structure and geologic structure strongly influence the distribution of the maximum amplitude of acceleration waveforms. Interferences occurring near the basin boundary are probably the cause of the peak collapse ratio of buildings away from the fault. Therefore it is necessary to analyze wave propagations and interference process using numerical simulation strategy for studies on the seismic disasters.  相似文献   

6.
The paper points out the relationship between the bottleneck and the minimum cutset of the network, and presents a capacity expansion algorithm of network optimization to solve the network bottleneck problem. The complexity of the algorithm is also analyzed. As required by the algorithm, some virtual sources are imported through the whole positive direction subsection in the network, in which a certain capacity value is given. Simultaneously, a corresponding capacity-expanded network is constructed to search all minimum cutsets. For a given maximum flow value of the network, the authors found an adjustment value of each minimum cutset are‘s group with gradually reverse calculation and marked out the feasible flow on the capacity-extended networks again with the adjustment value increasing. All this has been done repeatedly until the original topology structure is resumed. So the algorithm can increase the capacity of networks effectively and solve the bottleneck problem of networks.  相似文献   

7.
High-precision and high-resolution topography are the fundamental data for active fault research.Light detection and ranging(LiDAR)presents a new approach to build detailed digital elevation models effectively.We take the Haiyuan fault in Gansu Province as an example of how LiDAR data may be used to improve the study of active faults and the risk assessment of related hazards.In the eastern segment of the Haiyuan fault,the Shaomayin site has been comprehensively investigated in previous research because of its exemplary tectonic topographic features.Based on unprecedented LiDAR data,the horizontal and vertical coseismic offsets at the Shaomayin site are described.The measured horizontal value is about 8.6 m,and the vertical value is about 0.8 m.Using prior dating ages sampled from the same location,we estimate the horizontal slip rate as4.0±1.0 mm/a with high confidence and define that the lower bound of the vertical slip rate is 0.4±0.1 mm/a since the Holocene.LiDAR data can repeat the measurements of field work on quantifying offsets of tectonic landform features quite well.The offset landforms are visualized on an office computer workstation easily,and specialized software may be used to obtain displacement quantitatively.By combining precious chronological results,the fundamentallink between fault activity and large earthquakes is better recognized,as well as the potential risk for future earthquake hazards.  相似文献   

8.
Seismograms near source fault were synthesized using the hybrid empirical Green's function method where the discretely simulated seismic waveforms are used for Green's functions instead of the observed waveforms of small earthquakes. The Green's function seismic waveforms for small earthquake were calculated by solving wave equation using the pseudo-spectral method with the staggered grid real FFT strategy under a detailed 2-D velocity structure in Kobe region. Magnitude and seismic moment of simulated Green's function waveforms were firstly determined by using the relationship between fault length and corner frequency of source spectrum. The simulated Green's function waveforms were employed to synthesize seismograms of strong ground motion near the earthquake fault. The synthetic seismograms of the target earthquake were performed based on the model with multiple source rupture processes. The results suggest that synthesized seismograms coincide well with observed seismic waveforms of the 1995 Hyogo-ken Nanbu earthquake. The simulated Green's function method is very useful for prediction of the strong ground motion in region without observed seismic waveforms. The present technique spreads application field of the empirical Green's function method.  相似文献   

9.
On the Application of PCA Technique to Fault Diagnosis   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
Naik A 《清华大学学报》2010,15(2):138-144
In this paper, we briefly address the application of the standard principal component analysis (PCA) technique to fault detection and identification. Based on an analysis of the existing test statistic, we propose a new test statistic, which is similar to the Hawkin’s TH 2 statistic but without the numerical drawback. In comparison with the SPE index, the threshold setting associated with the new statistic is computationally simpler. Our further study is dedicated to the analysis of fault sensitivity. We consider the off-set and scaling faults, and evaluate the test statistic by viewing its sensitivity to the faults. Our final study focuses on identifying off-set and scaling faults. To this end, two algorithms are proposed. This paper also includes some critical remarks on the application of the PCA technique to fault diagnosis.  相似文献   

10.
A major earthquake occurrence zone means a place where M≥6 events have occurred since the Holocene and similar shocks may happen again in the future. The dynamic context of the major earthquake occurrence zones in China is primarily associated with the NNE-directed push of the India plate,next with the westward subduction of the Pacific plate. The Chinese mainland is a grand mosaic structure of many crust blocks bounded by faults and sutures. When it is suffered from boundary stresses,deformation takes place along these faults or sutures while the block interiors remain relatively stable or intact. Since the Quaternary,for example,left slip on the Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang fault zone in southwestern China has produced a number of fault-depression basins in extensional areas during periods Q1 and Q2. In the Q3,the change of stress orientation and enhancement of tectonic movement made faults of varied trends link each other,and continued to be active till present day,producing active fault zones in this region. Usually major earthquakes occur at some special locations on these active fault zones. During these events,in the epicenter areas experience intensive deformation characterized by large-amplitude rise and fall of neighboring sections,generation of horst-graben systems and dammed rivers. The studies on palaeoearthquakes suggest that major shocks of close magnitudes often repeated for several times at a same place. By comparison of the Chi-Chi,Taiwan event in 1999 and Yuza,Yunnan event in 1955,including contours of accelerations and intensities,destruction of buildings,and in contrast to the Xigeda formation in southwestern China,a sandwich model is established to account for the mechanism of deformation caused by major earthquakes. This model consists of three layers,i. e. the two walls of a fault and the ruptured zone intercalated between them. This ruptured zone is just the loci where stress is built up and released,and serves as a channel for seismic waves.  相似文献   

11.
顺层断层对原岩层封闭能力的增强作用   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
为了解顺层断层对油气成藏的控制作用,实验研究了顺层断层岩的封闭能力.我们的数据证实,顺层断层具有较强的封闭能力,将大大地增强原岩层的封堵能力.其机理可归纳为四个方面:1)压性的正应力;2)以韧性及粘性变形为主,因为非能干岩层易塑性流变;3)涂抹效应强;4)面理化组构,垂直面理方向的封闭能力大大增强.如果盖层中发育顺层断层,盖层的封盖能力将被大大改善,将能够封盖更大的油气高度或者流体压力,利于形成更大规模的油气藏.  相似文献   

12.
本文讨论粒间孔隙岩石的纵横波速度比、骨架岩性指数及孔隙结构指数之间的关系,发现这三种岩性参数在许多方面是密切相关的。  相似文献   

13.
李龙 《科学技术与工程》2012,12(10):2276-2281
地震波速度是地球物理勘探和开发中最重要的一个参数。因此,结合地震与测井等实际资料,对车排子地区沙湾组纵向、横向上的速度变化规律做以研究,并分析了其纵向、横向上速度变化的原因。结果表明,不同地层的岩性、孔隙度、沉积相等因素是导致车排子地区沙湾组速度变化的主要原因。  相似文献   

14.
地震波速度是地球物理勘探和开发中最重要的一个参数。因此,结合勘探与测井等实际资料,对车排子地区沙湾组纵向、横向上的速度变化规律做以研究,并分析了其纵向、横向上速度变化的原因。结果表明,不同地层的岩性、孔隙度、沉积相等因素是导致车排子地区沙湾组速度变化的主要原因。  相似文献   

15.
 本文利用地震资料的构造解释和断裂系统的几何学、运动学对西江南半地堑晚期断裂的基本特征进行研究.研究表明,西江南半地堑晚期断裂是在NWW—SEE向张扭应力场作用下发生简单剪切右旋走滑变形形成和发育的.剖面上以负花状构造样式为主;平面上,主要呈NWW走向,断裂组合样式多样,包括平行式、交叉式、斜列式和羽状断层;断裂分布呈现明显分区特征,即晚期断裂主要分布在半地堑的南侧.结合圈闭定型期、油气充注史与晚期断裂活动的相关研究,晚期断裂系统对研究区控藏作用主要体现在3个方面:断裂控圈,即晚期断裂控制了新近系构造圈闭的形成及分布;部分断至古近系文昌组烃源岩内部甚至基底的晚期断裂和长期断裂一起构建了本区垂向优势运移通道,其它晚期断裂对早期油藏的二次调整、油气再运移及再聚集起重要的控制作用;主活动期后晚期断裂较好的侧向封闭性有效地控制了新近系油藏的最终聚集及分布.  相似文献   

16.
库车前陆盆地断裂封存的超高压封存箱   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2  
通过对库车前陆盆地超高压封存箱构造环境的分析,解释了该区"封存箱"的本质是断裂构造封存.超高压系统处于韧、脆性互变构造带,其是超高压和天然气保存的构造环境和基本条件.非能干层及沿其发育的滑脱层和逆掩断层作为"压力封存箱"的顶板或底板,其在垂向上起到封隔压力的作用.区域非能干层具有毛细管和异常高压双重封闭机制,滑脱层和逆掩断层大大增强其所到之处非能干层的封闭能力.压性、压扭性逆冲断层和平移断层侧向封闭,将构造区分割成互不连通的压力封存箱,亦成为"压力封存箱"的侧板.  相似文献   

17.
断层两盘岩性配置关系及断层的封闭性   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
断层一般不是一个简单的面,而是由一系列破裂面或次级断层组成的带,这与断层两盘岩性配置原理的假设有很大的差别。依据断层特征,分断层面和断裂带2种类型讨论了岩性的配置关系,进一步结合断层两盘的岩性、排驱压力及断距,划分了12种岩性配置模式。对营32断层岩性配置关系的研究发现,不同砂层组的岩性配置有很大差异,其中1砂层组岩性配置最好,8砂层组岩性配置最差,这导致纵向上断层不同部位封闭程度有很大不同。沿断层走向,从北向南断层的断距逐渐变小,这必然增加了同一储层的砂岩在断层两侧相配置的概率,岩性配置由北向南变差,因此营32断层两侧的剩余油挖潜应侧重于断层的北段。  相似文献   

18.
涠西南凹陷低凸起TY油田的块1构造为涠洲组的断块圈闭,高部位F2断层是成藏主控因素。从断层封闭机理及影响因素入手,综合考虑岩石泥质含量及压实强度,建立了岩石排驱压力与深度和泥质含量的定量关系式,利用该关系式分别计算目标储层和起封堵作用断层岩的排驱压力,对二者大小进行比较,实现定量评价断层封闭性。利用该方法对涠西南凹陷TY油田块1控圈断层F2的侧向封闭能力进行了分析。结果表明,H1和H2两个目的层对接的断层岩的排驱压力大于储层的排驱压力,具有封闭能力; H3和H4两层对接的断层岩与储层的排驱压力差为负值,不具备封闭油气能力。  相似文献   

19.
隋志龙  梁金城 《广西科学》2001,8(2):111-113
恭城-栗木断裂带的分形分析结果是:整个断裂带的分维值D接近1.5。与整个华南地区线性构造的分维值(D=1.35)相比,该断裂带属结构较复杂、活动性较强的一类,但总体上它已趋于成熟。在恭城-栗木断裂带中,南北向断裂的分维值远大于北东向和东西向裂断裂的分维值,这说明整个断裂带是南北向断裂为主。  相似文献   

20.
三塘湖盆地石炭系火山岩中断层封闭机理研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
三塘湖盆地石炭系火山岩中几乎所有的油气藏都聚集在断层圈闭中,体现了断层对火山岩油气成藏具有很强的封闭能力。研究认为三塘湖盆地石炭系火山岩中断层具有垂向和侧向两种封闭性。垂向封闭性主要取决于断裂中充填物的排替压力,而排替压力大小主要与充填物的成分和充填程度相关。在火山岩中断裂充填物无非火山岩自身破碎的岩屑和泥岩两种,泥岩充填在一定条件下具有很好的封闭性,而单纯的火山岩自身碎屑充填一般不具封闭性。但由于石炭系火山岩受到烃碱流体作用,碱交代所形成的“上硅下碱”的结果使SiO2在局部层段将火山岩自身破碎的岩屑胶结起来,形成垂向封闭。因此,火山岩中断层垂向封闭存在泥质充填和SiO2胶结2种机理。在断层两盘对应火山岩储层内,油气通常呈现“此消彼长”的现象,这是断层侧向封闭性的体现。从引起差异渗透的因素来看,火山岩中侧向封闭存在岩性对接、泥岩涂抹和胶结封闭3种机理。每种机理在不同的地质情况下对火山岩中油气聚集发挥作用。  相似文献   

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